Rank Pay

Rank Pay, is measure implemented by the Rajiv Gandhi led Indian National Congress (I) Government in 1986, in the wake of 4th Central Pay Commission(4CPC). Rank Pay affects seven armed forces ranks: 2nd Lieutenant, Lieutenant, captain, majors, lt-colonel, colonels, and brigadiers, and their equivalent in the air-force and the Indian Navy. 'Rank Pay' which is called a 'separate element' from the basic pay by 4CPC and the Government, however, is not a separate element but an amount deducted from the basic-pay.[1]:Chapter 28, para 28.13,and p 304[2]

Implementationof 'rank pay' affect the career, pay, promotion, status, and pension of tens of thousands of officers in the service in January 1986, and ever since. Its discriminatory provision led to protracted public protests by veterans since 2008, under the banner of One Rank, One Pension (OROP). Former Chiefs of Armed Forces, who had been silent during their service, write public letters to the Prime minister, including Narendra Modi, on the degradation of armed forces ranks following the implementation of rank-pay, and the attempt by 6CPC and 7CPC to reinforce its provisions.[3][4][5][6]

Measures

Rank-Pay implemented in 1986, was initiated and conceived during the tenure of SK Bhatnagar, Defence Secretary (July 1984-May 1988), and when Rajeev Gandhi was both Prime Minister, and Defence Minister (1985-1987). Rank-Pay measures include [a] Implementation of a new pay system termed 'integrated running pay scale' ( Rs. 2300-100-3900-150-4200-EB-150-5100, covering a span of 28 years)[7][1]:Chapter 28, para 28.12, 28.15. for all ranks from Second Lieutenant till Brigadier( while retaining the existing system for civil services, including the Police) ; [b] the new basic-pay for captains till brigadier is depressed to the extent it excludes the rank pay component, which has been deducted; (c) rank-pay( which varies from Rs 200 to 1200 depending on rank)[1]:Chapter 28, para 28.13 is explained by the 4CPC as well as the MOD as 'additional element', and not some thing that was deducted from the basic-pay; (d) in the MOD, and police led security apparatus, functional relationships between armed forces officers and police officers are reconfigured on the basis of the existence of new armed forces 'basic-pays'( i.e., basic-pay minus rank pay); [d] the new parities, are, however, not defined. The new reduced basic-pay distorts long established historical basic-pay parities between the armed forces officers, and defence civilians officers, and the police led security and intelligence bureaucracy.[8]

Impact

The impact of the implementation of rank-pay on serving officers and veterans are diverse, lingering, and many of which are still unresolved. Rank-pay moderated basic-pay, the impact of which was neither properly examined or explained, affects armed forces organizational structure, functions, morale, and civil-military relations, especially military-police relations. Some of the major affects are of 'Rank pay', implementation are: [a] It degrades armed forces ranks including the highly selective ranks of lieutenant colonels, colonels, and brigadier; [b] Rank Pay deductions roils the Armed Forces, and distorts 'historical parities', and established pay based-status and protocol equations.[8] [c] 'Rank-pay', affects the over all morale of the young officers, as its impacts most directly officers in crucial first 20 years of service; [e] Armed forces officers who had had an edge of two years over the police at the 13 year of service were 'demoted' and made equal in basic-pay to those with 4 years of service;[f] Colonel of the army, Group captain of the airforce, and captains of the navy, who had, since the inception of the police rank of Deputy Inspector General (DIG) (as the second senior most rank in the police), had had a higher pay grade, were placed in lower grade than DIGs, which had been made into a time scale appointment to which every one was automatically entitled on completion of 14 years of service; [g] armed officers, find it difficult to understand why the government has chosen to fix the basic pay of police officers and defence civilians, including auditors, with 13 years of service, at a higher level than of army, navy, and airfoce officers with similar number of years of service; [h] It promotes bureaucracy rivalries, and unsustainable false equations and parities; [i] The new debased basic-pay for the armed forces with all its potential for distortions spawns resentment and protracted litigation, starting in 1996, which goes on desultorily for almost two decades.[9][10] (j) In 2006, following the 6 CPC, the Government lends support to the false equation sought to be imposed by the Rajeev Gandhi Government in 1986, as Major Navdeep, a specialist on military pays, explains. In 1973, after the 3rd CPC, Lt Colonels were in the scale Rs 1750-1950, about same same as Civil Selection Grade Scale of 1650-1800 (3rd CPC).[2] In 2006, following the 6CPC, and on the promptings of MOD, lieutenant colonels were demoted to Pay-band 3 with Grade pay of 7600, in comparison with civil and police counterparts who were placed in Pay Band-4 with Grade Pay of Rs 8700. This demotion was partially corrected after an unseemly stand off, and lieutenant colonels, wing commanders of the airforce, commanders of the navy, were reluctantly moved up to Pay Band-4 with Grade Pay Rs 8000, still Rs 700 below similarly placed officers with same length of service from civil services like the Indian Defence Accounts Service, and police service.[2][6]

Litigation

Rank-pay deductions from basic-pay, apart from being a cause of dismay, distress, and confusion in the armed forces, provoke decades of rancorous litigation between armed forces veterans, including widows, and the Ministry of Defence (MOD), exposing, very publicly, the distrust which the armed forces harbors against the MOD.[9][10]Maj AK Dhanapalan, who first 'discovered' the flaws in rank-pay, and 4CPC, in 1996, went to court to seek legal redress. In 1997, after he retired, he spent the next ten years litigating 'rank pay' in the face of relentless opposition by the MOD. He wins his first case in 1998, but that is to no avail, as the Ministry of Defence appeals against the court decision. After protracted legal struggle, despite remorseless appeals by the MOD, the high court, in a landmark decision, declares 'rank-pay' deductions from basic-pay illegal. The Supreme Court concurs with high court decision that the 'rank pay' was wrongly deducted from basic pay.[8][11]

Legacy of Rank Pay

The legacy of 4CPC and rank-pay lingers according to Navdeep Singh, a lawyer and expert on military pays, who closely follows issues affecting armed forces pay and pensions, lingers.[2] Even after the 'rank-pay' deductions from basic-pay are held to be illegal by the highest court, the MOD continues its efforts to reconfigure military ranks: in 2006, after 6CPC, the new 'grade pay' is configured to achieve the intent of the rank-pay, triggering a storm of protest; and again, in 2016, after 7CPC, the BJP Government, implements differentiated pay matrix-es for the defence-civilians, police, and others, and the armed forces, the underling intent of which is the same as the introduction 'rank-pay' by the congress government, in 1986. Former Chief of Indian Army Ved Malik, and others, recognizing the intent of the BJP government decision, calls the decision blatantly 'discriminatory' and intended to degrade armed forces ranks in comparison with police time scale ranks.[6] The BJP, despite its public protestations, has lent support to embedded legacy of the Rank-Pay, by deciding in favor of what have been called biased and discriminatory pay scales by the armed forces headquarters, and the Chiefs of the three services. It has yet to explain its stand or examine the larger issues represented by the continuing sense of unease in the armed forces.[2]

Time Line

February 1996

Major (retd) Dhanapalan, who took premature retirement in 1997, files petition in the High Court of Kerala, challenging his "re-fixation of pay' following the implementation of 4CPC by MoD.[9]

19th December 1997

MoD issues Special Army Instructions (SAI) No. 2/S/1998 (and corresponding special instructions for the Navy and Air Force) on incorporating the impugned formula of 4CPC for re-fixation, recommended by the 5th CPC, which had submitted its report in September 1997.[9]

5th October 1998

Single Judge issued a judgment in favor of Maj Dhanapalan. MoD files Writ Appeal before the High Court’s Division Bench against the order of the Single Judge.[9]

4th July 2003

The Division Bench confirms the judgment of the Single Judge.

2006

MOD agrees to pay Major Dhanapalan his arrears. While conceding that it acted wrongly in the case of Major Dhanapalan, opposes extending the benefits to other similarly affected officers, compelling them, and the many widows, to go to court at their own cost, to seek their dues.[9]

8th March 2010

Supreme Court of India rules in favour of all the Armed Forces officers eligible to be paid Rank Pay. It agrees with "the High Court of Kerala that the amount equivalent to Rank Pay should not have been deducted and the MoD should pay arrears with an interest of 6 percent per annum from 1.1.1986 i.e. the date from which Rank Pay was authorised by the Govt of India. Instead of implementing the Supreme court ruling, MoD files an "Interlocutory Application" praying to the Supreme Court to “recall, re-hear, modify,” its order of 8 March 2010, "utilising recommendations of a High Powered Committee (HPC) comprising Pradeep Kumar (IAS), then Defence Secretary, Secretary Defence (Finance), and Secretary Expenditure to impress upon the Court that it would entail an expenditure of Rs 1623.71 crores if the order was implemented as it would lead to re-fixation of emoluments of Armed Forces officers for the periods of 4th, 5th and 6th CPC. What was left unsaid was that it was the faulty interpretation and delays in implementation by MoD that led to the situation".[9]

4 September 2012

A Bench of three Judges of the Supreme Court of India upholds the Court’s order dated 8 March 2010 with the proviso that interest to be paid from 1.1.2006, the date when the first of several writ petitions were filed by affected Armed Forces officers, instead of 1 January 1986, the date on which rank-pay was implemented. The Court also directed the Government to complete payment of arrears and interest within 12 weeks from 4 September 2012.[9]

17 October 2012

Rohinton F Nariman, Solicitor General of India, advises the MOD to implement the Court’s order dated 4 September 2012 in letter and spirit.[9]

27 December 2012

MoD, agrees to pay part of the arrears from 1.1.1986 to 31.12.1995 but objects to paying arrears from 1.1.1996 to 31.12.2005 on the ground that Supreme Court orders lacked clarity for payment and re-fixation from 1.1.2006[9]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4th Central Pay Commission (1986). "Report of the Fourth Central Pay Commission. Volume -IV. Part I" (PDF). India, Ministry of Finance : New Delhi. Retrieved 19 January 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 Singh, Major Navdeep (2 January 2016). "Rank Pay: The engulfing evil". Retrieved 21 August 2016.
  3. ↑ General Rodrigues, S F; et al. (14 August 2015). "Former chiefs write open letter to President, say 'denial of OROP the last straw". Financial Express. Delhi. Retrieved 21 August 2015.
  4. ↑ Gokhale, Nitin A (Summer 2013). "Higher Defence Management in India: Need for Urgent Reappraisal" (article). CLAWS Journal. Retrieved 3 February 2016. cited at fn 11, p 30
  5. ↑ Bhatt, Sheela (27 April 2008). "A General's letter in anguish to the PM". New Delhi: Rediff India Abroad. Retrieved 17 June 2015.
  6. 1 2 3 NDTV (7 August 2016). "7th Pay Panel Puts Police At Par With IAS, Soldiers Say 'Blatant Discrimination'" (video 51 minutes 54 seconds). 1. NDTV. Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  7. ↑ Ministry Of Defence (13 March 1987). "The Resolution 9 E - Fourth Pay Commission" (Resolution). Ministry Of Defence. Retrieved 25 August 2016.
  8. 1 2 3 Singh, Maj Gen, Satbir (February 18, 2013). "Who Is the Biggest Enemy – China, Pakistan or Babus?". N Delhi: Indian Defence Review. Retrieved 4 November 2015.
  9. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 'Aerial View', 2 (29 July 2014). "Keeping the Solicitor General Informed - Rank Pay Case". Retrieved 11 September 2015.
  10. 1 2 'Aerial View' (2 August 2016). "Rank Pay, Uniform Grade Pay, and the Facts from Courts' Orders". Retrieved 11 August 2016.
  11. ↑ " KA Abdul Gafoor, and JM James, Judgment Rank Pay, 4 July 2003

External links

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