Pterolobium stellatum

Redwing
P. stellatum in northern Tanzania
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Eudicots
(unranked): Rosids
Order: Fabales
Family: Fabaceae
Subfamily: Caesalpinioideae
Genus: Pterolobium
Species: P. stellatum
Binomial name
Pterolobium stellatum
(Forssk.) Brenan
Synonyms
  • P. exosum (J.F.Gmel.) Baker f.
  • Cantuffa exosa J.F.Gmel. (1791)
  • Quartinia abyssinica A.Rich.
  • P. lacerans R.Br. (1814)
  • P. kantuffa Wight & Arn. ex Steud.

The Redwing, Pterolobium stellatum (Latin: stellatum, starry or star-like, suggesting the radial arrangement of inflorescenses), is a perennial flowering plant in the legume family, Fabaceae.

Range and habitat

It is the only member of the genus to occur in Africa, where it has an extensive but easterly range, from northern South Africa to Sudan, Ethiopia and Yemen.[1] They are found on rocky slopes and kopjes, riparian floodplains, or along forest margins.

Description

Young plants are hairy on the stems and leaves, while mature plants have scrambling rope-like branches that are armed with recurved thorns or conical knobs.[2] The alternate and bipinnately compound leaves consist of 5 to 13 paired primary leaflets (pinnae), and 7 to 16 paired leaflets per pinna.[1] The underside of the rachis carries pairs of recurved thorns, or solitary straight ones.

They produce cream-coloured inflorescenses composed of dense compound racemes (panicles).[1] These are sweetly scented and attract quantities of bees and butterflies. They produce colourful brick-red to scarlet samaroid fruit, typical of their genus, which turn brown with age. The species may be confused with Caesalpinia decapetala, which however has larger yellow flowers, and clusters of brown seed pods.

Uses

The shrubs are planted to provide impenetrable live fences, and shoots are collected for livestock fodder. In Ethiopia an infusion of the pounded bark has been used as a component in tanning leather, while providing it with a red colour.[1] The leaves contain 20% tannin and yield a dark red dye when crushed, which has been used in textiles, basketry and as an ingredient in black ink. The plant is employed in traditional medicine, though its medicinal properties have not been formally investigated.[1]

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 Jansen, P.C.M. & Cardon, D. (2005). Dyes and Tannins. Plant resources of tropical Africa. 3. Prota. pp. 134–135. ISBN 9057821591.
  2. ↑ cf. Zanthoxylum capense
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