PSLV-C2

PSLV-C2 was the second operational launch and overall fifth mission of the PSLV program. This launch was also the forty-third launch by Indian Space Research Organisation since its first mission on 1 January 1962. The vehicle carried three satellites which were deployed in the Sun-synchronous low Earth orbit.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] The vehicle carried India's first remote sensing satellite Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) as the main payload. It also carried South Korean satellite Kitsat-3 and German satellite DLR-Tubsat as auxiliary payloads.^[1] PSLV-C2 was the first Indian Expendable launch vehicle to carry and deploy more than one satellite in a mission. This was also India's and ISRO's first commercial spaceflight where South Korea and Germany each paid $1.0 million (equivalent to $1.42 million in 2015) to ISRO for launching their satellites.^[5]^[6]

Mission parameters

Mass:
- Total liftoff weight: 294,000 kilograms (648,000 lb)
- Payload weight: 1,202 kilograms (2,650 lb)
Overall height: 44.4 metres (145.7 ft)
Propellant:
- First stage: Solid HTPB based (138.0 + 54 tonnes)
- Second stage: Liquid UDMH + N2O4 (4.06 tonnes)
- Third stage: Solid HTPB based (7.2 tonnes)
- Fourth stage: Liquid MMH + N2O4 (2.0 tonnes)
Engine:
- First stage: S139
- Second stage: Vikas
- Third stage:
- Fourth stage: 2 x PS-4
Thrust:
- First stage: 4628 + 662 x 6 kN
- Second stage: 725 kN
- Third stage: 340 kN
- Fourth stage: 7.2 x 2 kN
Altitude: 735.1 kilometres (457 mi)
Maximum velocity:7,490 metres per second (24,573 ft/s) (recorded at time of fourth stage ignition)
Duration: 1117.5 seconds

^[1]^[7]

Payload

PSLV-C2 carried and deployed total three satellites. Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) was the main payload and Kitsat-3 and DLR-Tubsat were two auxiliary payloads that were mounted on PSLV-C2 equipment bay diametrically opposite to each other. Oceansat-1, was mounted on top of the equipment bay. In the flight sequence, IRS-P4 was injected first, followed by Kitsat-3 and then DLR-Tubsat.^[1]^[8]^[9]

Country	Name	Nos	Mass	Type	Objective
India	Oceansat-1	1	1,050 kg	Indian Remote Sensing Satellite	Remote sensing
South Korea	Kitsat-3	1	107 kg	Microsatellite	Test & demonstrate new satellite bus & its payloads
Germany	DLR-Tubsat	1	45 kg	Microsatellite	Test newly developed attitude control system

Launch & planned flight profile

Heat shield of PSLV displayed at HAL heritage center.

PSLV-C2 was launched at 11:52 a.m. IST on 26 May 1999 from Satish Dhawan Space Centre (then called "Sriharikota Launching Range"). The mission was planned with pre-flight prediction of perigee and apogee of 727 km (±35 km). The actual perigee was 723.1 km, apogee was 735.1 km. Following was the planned flight profile.^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5]^[7]

Stage	Time (seconds)	Altitude (kilometer)	Velocity (meter/sec)	Event	Remarks
First stage	T+0	0.02	450	First stage ignition	Lift-off
	T+1.2	0.02	450	Ignition of 4 ground-lit strap-on motors
	T+25.1	2.43	540	Ignition of 2 air-lit strap-on motors
	T+68.1	23.10	1,100	Separation of 4 ground-lit strap-on motors
	T+90.1	40.21	1,520	Separation of 2 air-lit strap-on motors
	T+117.7	72.08	1,970	First stage separation
Second stage	T+117.9	72.38	1,970	Second stage ignition
	T+162.7	120.71	2,210	Heat shield separation
	T+167.7	126.60	2,260	Closed-loop guidance initiation
	T+284.5	254.03	4,070	Second stage separation
Third stage	T+285.7	255.46	4,060	Third stage ignition
Third stage	T+506.4	533.57	5,970	Third stage separation
Fourth stage	T+584.4	605.44	5,870	Fourth stage ignition
	T+991.7	728.25	7,490	Fourth stage thrust cut-off
	T+1017.5	728.66	7,490	Oceansat-1 (IRS-P4) separation
	T+1067.5	729.51	7,490	Kitsat-3 separation
	T+1117.5	730.41	7,490	DLR-Tubsat separation

The launch was witnessed by Atal Bihari Vajpayee (then Prime Minister of India), Murli Manohar Joshi, Vasundhara Raje and N. Chandrababu Naidu.^[6]

References

1 2 3 4 5 "PSLV-C2". Indian Space Research Organisation. Retrieved 9 Jul 2016.
1 2 "Space Launch Report: PSLV". spacelaunchreport.com. Retrieved 9 Jul 2016.
1 2 "ISRO timeline since 1960s". Indian Space Research Organisation. Retrieved 9 Jul 2016.
1 2 "PSLV-C2 mission". iisc.ernet.in. Retrieved 9 Jul 2016.
1 2 3 "The science and commerce of PSLV". Frontline (magazine). Retrieved 9 Jul 2016.
1 2 "PSLV Successfully Launches Three Satellites". Press Information Bureau. Retrieved 9 Jul 2016.
1 2 "PSLV-C2 brochure" (PDF). Indian Space Research Organisation. Retrieved 9 Jul 2016.
↑ "Korea Institute of Technology Satellite-3". eoportal.org. Retrieved 9 Jul 2016.
↑ "TUBSAT (Technical University of Berlin Satellite) Program". eoportal.org. Retrieved 9 Jul 2016.

Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle

Successful	PSLV-D2: 15 October 1994 PSLV-D3: 21 March 1996 PSLV-C1: 29 September 1997 PSLV-C2: 26 May 1999 PSLV-C3: 22 October 2001 PSLV-C4 (METSAT mission):12 September 2002 PSLV-C5 (Resourcesat-1 mission): 17 October 2003 PSLV-C6 (HAMSAT mission): 5 May 2005 PSLV-C25 (Mars Orbiter Mission):5 November 2013 PSLV-C28 (DMC-3 mission): 10 July 2015 PSLV-C34: 22 June 2016 PSLV-C35 (Scatsat-1 mission): 26 September 2016

Failure	PSLV-D1: 20 September 1993

Indian space programme

Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)

Organisations

Programmes

Bhaskara
GAGAN
GSAT
INSAT
IRNSS
IRS
- Cartosat
RISAT
Rohini
SROSS
Chandrayaan
Human spaceflight programme
- Orbital Vehicle

Spacecraft

One-off missions	APPLE Aditya Aryabhata Astrosat HAMSAT IMS-1 Megha-Tropiques NISAR SARAL SAARC Satellite SRE SRE II Kalpana-1 CARE

Planetary missions	Chandrayaan-1 Chandrayaan-2 Mars Orbiter Mission Mangalyaan 2 Venus orbiter mission

Rockets

Orbital	SLV ASLV PSLV GSLV GSLV Mk.III

Suborbital	Rohini ATV

Concepts	ULV

Under development	RLV-TD

Facilities

See also

SAGA-220

Orbital launch systems

Current	Angara 1.2 A5 Antares 200 Ariane 5 Atlas V Delta II IV Dnepr Epsilon Falcon 9 v1.2 "Full Thrust" GSLV H-IIA H-IIB Kuaizhou Long March 2C 2D 2F 3A 3B 3C 4B 4C 5 6 7 11 LVM3 Minotaur I IV V C Pegasus Proton-M PSLV Rokot Safir Shavit Simorgh Soyuz U FG Soyuz-2 2.1a / STA 2.1b / STB 2-1v Strela Unha Vega Zenit 3SL 3SLB 3F

In development	Angara A5P A5V Antares 300 Ariane 6 Electron Falcon 9 "Block 5" Falcon Heavy Firefly α H3 ITS KZ-11 KZ-21 Long March 8 9 LauncherOne Mayak Naga-L Naro-2 New Glenn Orel Proton Light Medium RPS SLS Soyuz-5 SPARK SS-520 Tronador II Tsyklon-4 ULV VLM Vulcan

Retired	Antares 100 Ariane 1 2 3 4 ASLV Athena I II Atlas B D E/F G H I II III LV-3B SLV-3 Able Agena Centaur Black Arrow Conestoga Delta A B C D E G J L M N 0100 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 III Diamant Energia Europa Falcon 1 Falcon 9 v1.0 v1.1 Feng Bao 1 H-I H-II Juno I Juno II Kaituozhe-1 Kosmos 1 2I 3 3M Lambda 4S Long March 1 2A 2E 3 4A Mu 4S 3C 3H 3S 3SII V N1 N-I N-II Naro-1 Paektusan Pilot Proton UR-500 K R-7 Luna Molniya M L Polyot Soyuz original L M U2 Soyuz/Vostok Sputnik Voskhod Vostok L K 2 2M R-29 Shtil' Volna Saturn I IB V INT-21 Scout SLV Space Shuttle Sparta Start-1 Thor Able Ablestar Agena Burner Delta DSV-2U Thorad-Agena Titan II GLV IIIA IIIB IIIC IIID IIIE 34D 23G CT-3 IV Tsyklon 2 3 Vanguard Zenit 2 2M

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