Ottawa bus-train crash

The Ottawa bus-train crash was a collision that occurred between a OC Transpo double-decker bus and a Via Rail train in the Ottawa suburb of Barrhaven on September 18, 2013, that killed six people.^[1][3]

Details

The train after the collision, derailed.

The collision happened between a route 76 OC Transpo Alexander Dennis Enviro500 double-decker bus (identification number 8017) and Via Rail Train 51 (pulled by General Electric P42 Genesis locomotive number 915), headed for Toronto, at 8:48AM.^{[1][4][5][6][7]}

It occurred at a rail crossing near Fallowfield Road and Woodroffe Avenue on the Transitway, the city's dedicated road for buses.^[1][5] The train had departed from Ottawa Train Station at 8:32AM and the bus had just departed from Fallowfield Transitway Station.^[7] The bus had a total of eighty-three people aboard.^[8] The level crossing's crossing gates, lights, and bells engaged 47 seconds before the crash, and its gates were fully horizontal across the road 25 seconds before the crash.^[5] The train did not sound its whistle due to a municipal ban on train whistles being used between the times of 8:00PM and 12:00 noon.^[7] However, the train's bell was activated.^[7] The train was travelling at 75 kilometres per hour (47 mph), in an area where the speed limit is 161 kilometres per hour (100 mph), at the time of the collision and had engaged its emergency brakes 2 seconds prior.^[5][7] The bus was travelling at 67.6 kilometres per hour, in a zone where the speed limit was 60 kilometres per hour, before the brakes were applied.^[8] The bus' brakes were applied 3 seconds before the crash, though the full force of the brakes was not initially applied.^[8] The collision sheared off the front end of the bus and derailed the train.^[1][6]

Five people were pronounced dead at the scene of the accident, including the bus driver, and one later died in hospital.^[1] A further thirty-five people were injured on the bus (five with serious injuries and thirty with minor injuries).^[2] None of the train's passengers or crew members were injured.^[2]

Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper as well as Ontario Premier Kathleen Wynne were among those who offered condolences to the victims of the crash and their families.^[6] The bus and the train involved in the crash were both removed from the scene on September 19, 2013.^[9] Via Rail train service resumed through the area in the morning of September 20, 2013.^[3] A community memorial was held for all of the victims of the crash at Cedarview Alliance Church on September 22, 2013, where funerals for two of the victims were also held later in the week.^[10] Ottawa Mayor Jim Watson was among those who attended the community memorial.^[10]

Investigation

The bus after the collision with the train.

The crash was investigated by the Transportation Safety Board of Canada (TSB).^[1] The TSB was not able to identify any issue with the track's condition or the operation of the train.^[7] The bus' driver did not have any drugs or alcohol in his system and did not have any medical conditions that would have led to the crash.^[8] On September 28, 2013, TSB investigators and Ottawa Police investigators returned to the site of the incident in order to reenact the crash and collect more information on what might have led to the collision.^[11]

Interim measures

On October 16, 2013, based on early observations made by the TSB, Ottawa’s transit commission, in the body's first meeting since the crash, outlined four new safety improvements for the level crossing that was the site of the crash.^[12][13] These measures were clearing trees and brush from the area of the crash site to improve visibility, reducing the speed along the Transitway approaching the level crossing from 60 to 50 kilometres per hour (37 to 31 mph), installing bigger signs, and installing a new early warning light to caution buses when a train is coming.^[12][13] The city stated that these measures would only be extended to the crossing where the crash occurred and that these observations made by the TSB should not be confused with causes of the crash.^[12][13]

In late fall of 2013, the City of Ottawa hired the consultant firm MMM Group to study whether or not the OC Transpo buses should be required to stop at all rail crossings as is done in many other regions in Canada.^[14] The results of the MMM group study were released on April 9, 2014, and suggested that requiring buses to stop at railway crossings actually increases collisions between buses and trains by 17 percent, prompting OC Transpo not to change their policy on the matter.^[15]

On January 9, 2014, the City of Ottawa was ordered by Employment and Social Development Canada (ESDC), as part of its workplace safety investigation of the crash, to assess the safety of each railway crossing in the city where OC Transpo buses and trains have the potential of coming into contact.^[16]

On February 25, 2014, the TSB sent two letters to the City of Ottawa.^[17] The first addressed four incidents that happened in the months following the bus and train collision where buses went through the crossing involved after its warning lights started flashing but before its gates closed.^[17] This first letter recommended that the city take additional measures to ensure that buses are able to safely stop at level crossings when the warning lights are activated.^[17] The second letter addressed another incident that happened on February 14, 2014, at the same level crossing where one gate stayed down and the warning lights remained on after the train had passed.^[17][18] This second letter recommends that OC Transpo and Via Rail create standard operating procedures for dealing with malfunctioning automated level crossings.^[17] Further malfunctions of Via Rail crossings near the site of the crash led then Foreign Affair Minister and local MP John Baird to call for the resignation of Via Rail President Steve Del Bosco, who was later replaced as president by Yves Desjardins-Siciliano.^[19]

On September 24, 2014, the TSB gave a progress update on the investigation.^[8] The update mentioned two potential factors in the crash.^[8] The first potential factor was that the bus was travelling at a speed that was over the speed limit, affecting its stopping distance.^[8] The second potential factor was a video screen located above the driver's work station used to keep an eye on passengers on the upper level of the bus.^[8][20] The update stated that a passenger who was standing at the time of the crash or a similar situation may have caused a distraction.^[8] The update recommended that the video screen should go blank when the bus is moving and that more should be done to monitor bus speed, particularly around rail road crossings.^[8]

In July 2015, a draft of the TSB's report was submitted to the City of Ottawa and Via Rail.^[21]

Final report

On December 2, 2015, the report of the Transportation Safety Board of Canada found that the driver of the bus was most likely distracted by the video screens that he was required to monitor as part of his job.^[22] The report also made recommendations to Transport Canada to develop guidelines for the use of in-vehicle video screens to reduce distraction, to develop crashworthiness standards for passenger buses, to equip passenger buses with crashworthy event data recorders, and to develop specific guidance for grade separation.^[22] The last recommendation of the report was for the City of Ottawa to review the need for grade separation at the level crossings at Woodroffe Avenue, Transitway and Fallowfield Road.^[22]

Aftermath

On July 11, 2014, the City of Ottawa decided to retire OC Transpo route 76, replacing it with route 72 in the fall schedule.^[23] On the one-year anniversary of the incident, city facility flags were lowered to half-mast.^[24] In October 2015, a memorial park was opened beside the Fallowfield Park and Ride which features six sections honouring each of the six victims.^[25]

Several lawsuits have been filed against the City of Ottawa and the estate of the bus' driver by families of those who died in the crash as well as survivors.^[26][27]

On February 26, 2016, the City of Ottawa stated that it will study whether underpasses or overpasses are required at five of the city's railway crossings, including the crossing involved in the crash.^[28]

See also

• Fallowfield railway station (Ontario)

References

External links

• Railway Investigation Report R13T0192 - TSB's final report on the incident
• Railway Investigation Report R13T0192 - TSB's final report on the incident in PDF form
• Collision between OC Transpo bus and VIA Rail passenger train investigation summary - An executive summary of TSB's final report on the incident
• Collision between OC Transpo bus and VIA passenger train: Executive summary - An executive summary of TSB's final report on the incident in PDF form
• TSB animation summary of the accident
• Railway Investigation R13T0192 - Collision between OC Transpo bus and VIA passenger train near Fallowfield Station, Ottawa - TSB's active investigation page on the incident
• Rail Safety Advisory Letter 01/14 - OC Transpo buses traversing crossings with activated AWD protection - TSB's first February 25, 2014, letter to the City of Ottawa
• Rail Safety Advisory Letter 617-02/14 - Reported malfunction of transitway automatic crossing protection - TSB's second February 25, 2014, letter to the City of Ottawa
• Progress update on investigation into fatal 2013 OC Transpo – VIA Rail collision on Ottawa’s Transitway - TSB's September 24, 2014, progress update on the investigation

Railway accidents in 2013 (2013)
Location and date	Badrashin, Egypt (15 January) Saltsjöbaden, Sweden (15 January) Alfarelos, Portugal (21 January) Brisbane, Australia (31 January) Fairfield, Connecticut, United States (17 May) Castelar, Argentina (13 June) Lac-Mégantic, Canada (6 July) Brétigny-sur-Orge, France (12 July) Bronx, New York, United States (18 July) Santiago de Compostela, Spain (24 July) Granges-près-Marnand, Switzerland (29 July) Dhamara Ghat, India (19 August) Tabasco, Mexico (25 August) Valea Lupului, Romania (8 September) Ottawa, Canada (18 September) Buenos Aires, Argentina (19 October) Chapramari Forest, India (13 November) Bronx, New York, United States (1 December) Bintaro, Indonesia (9 December)
2012 2014