Noel Pearson

This article is about the Australian lawyer and activist. For the Irish producer, see Noel Pearson (producer).
Noel Pearson

Noel Pearson, in February 2010
Born (1965-06-25) 25 June 1965
Nationality Australian Aboriginal
Alma mater University of Sydney
Occupation Lawyer, academic, land rights activist
Known for Founder, Cape York Institute for Policy and Leadership

Noel Pearson (born 25 June 1965) is an Aboriginal Australian lawyer, academic, land rights activist and founder of the Cape York Institute for Policy and Leadership, an organisation promoting the economic and social development of Cape York.

Pearson came to prominence as an advocate for Indigenous peoples' rights to land – a position he maintains.[1] Since the end of the 1990s his focus has encompassed a range of additional issues: he has strongly argued that Indigenous policy needs to change direction, notably in relation to welfare, substance abuse, child protection, education and economic development. Pearson criticises approaches to these problems which, while claiming to be "progressive," in his opinion merely keep Indigenous people dependent on welfare and out of the "real economy." He outlined this position in 2000 in his speech, The light on the hill.[2]

In the first decade of the 2000s, Pearson began outlining an alternative to traditional left-wing politics that he called radical centrism.[3][4] One part of his selected writings is entitled "The Quest for a Radical Centre".[5]

Pearson, though only seven at the time of the election of Prime Minister Gough Whitlam, and 10 when he was replaced by Fraser, delivered one of the eulogies at the State memorial service for Whitlam in November 2014. It was hailed in some quarters as "one of the best political speeches of our time".[6][7]

Life and work

Early life

Pearson was born in Cooktown and grew up at Hope Vale, a Lutheran Mission in the Cape York Peninsula. He is the son of Glen Pearson, from the Bagaarrmugu clan, and Ivy Pearson, from the Guggu Yalanji peoples.[8] His brother is Gerhardt Pearson. After attending primary school in Hope Vale, Pearson became a boarder at St Peters Lutheran College in Brisbane.[9] Pearson graduated from the University of Sydney with degrees in history and law. His history thesis focused on the Hope Vale Lutheran Mission, and was published by the History Department in "Maps Dreams History."[10]

1990s

In 1990 Pearson co-founded the Cape York Land Council, where he was Executive Director until he resigned in 1996. Pearson's first official appointment was to a Queensland government taskforce which was formed to develop land rights legislation. He was also a legal advisor for the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission. In 1993 Pearson acted as representative to the traditional owners in the first land claim to the Flinders Island and Cape Melville National Parks, a claim which was successful, although the owners have yet to receive title. He continues to advise a number of Indigenous organisations in Cape York.

Following the Mabo decision of the High Court of Australia Pearson played a key part in negotiations over the Native Title Act 1993 (Cth) as a member of the Indigenous negotiating team.[11]

2000s

On 12 August 2000, Pearson delivered the Ben Chifley Memorial Lecture, with the title, The light on the hill.[2] It contained an important statement of his transformed views on Indigenous policy.

In 2004 Pearson became the Director of the Cape York Institute for Policy and Leadership.

On 15 December 2006, Pearson publicly criticised the Queensland Director of Public Prosecutions, Leanne Clare, in relation to her decision not to press charges against the police officer involved in the 2004 Palm Island death in custody of Palm Island resident Mulrunji.[12] On 26 January 2007, Pearson welcomed the decision to prosecute the officer, after the inquiry by Sir Laurence Street found there was sufficient evidence to press charges. Pearson also argued, however, that a 20- or 30-year plan was necessary for Palm Island.[13]

On 11 May 2007, Pearson and Indigenous Affairs Minister Mal Brough launched a new welfare scheme for Pearson's home town of Hope Vale. The scheme offers funds for home improvements, and low interest loans for home ownership.[14][15] On 24 May, Pearson published White guilt, victimhood and the quest for a radical centre, a lengthy account of his understanding of the challenges of policy formulation and enactment.[16]

On 14 June 2007, Pearson launched a report by the Cape York Institute on welfare reform.[17] The report was welcomed by Indigenous Affairs Minister Mal Brough.[18][19]

On 17 September 2007, with Prime Minister Howard facing probable electoral defeat, Noel Pearson sent him a 6,000 word letter, arguing that Howard's best chance at re-election was to make a dramatic gesture in relation to reconciliation with the Aboriginal population. Pearson argued that Howard needed to promise a referendum on recognition of the indigenous population, and also that Howard was in a unique position to affect the course of indigenous relations, but only if Howard "bared his soul" to the Australian electorate.[20] Howard accepted Pearson's advice, and on 11 October announced plans for a referendum, but was nevertheless comprehensively defeated at the election.[21]

Support for the NT Intervention

On 20 June 2007, Pearson argued for the necessity of intervention in relation to Aboriginal child sexual abuse.[22] On 21 June, in response to a report entitled "Little Children are Sacred," Australian Prime Minister John Howard declared that problems of child abuse in Northern Territory Aboriginal communities had reached a crisis point, and he initiated the "national emergency response". The response involved a series of interventions including, among other things, the suspension of the Racial Discrimination Act, compulsory management of Aboriginal people’s income, the deployment of police and health workers, abolition of the permit system, compulsory acquisition of Aboriginal land and a ban on alcohol.[23] Pearson indicated qualified support for these measures,[24][25][26][27] but has received some criticism for doing so.[28][29] On 18 July, the Indigenous Affairs Minister announced that the federal government would fund the welfare reform trials in Cape York recommended in From Hand Out to Hand Up.[30]

Pearson’s position on the intervention found both support and opposition from other Indigenous leaders and members of the Australian community. On 30 November 2007, leading Indigenous academic Marcia Langton argued for the necessity of the emergency response in the Northern Territory. Langton supported Pearson's suggestions to shut down alcohol outlets and establish children's commissions and shelters in each community.[31] On 7 December, on the other hand, Philip Martin, who worked on the Welfare Reform Project in Aurukun for Pearson's Cape York Partnerships between November 2006 and May 2007, argued that Pearson's welfare reform approach cannot work unless other problems, such as inadequate policing and housing, are also addressed.[32]

It was reported on 20 September 2007 that on 12 August Pearson had brokered a secret meeting between Mal Brough and Northern Territory Indigenous leader Galarrwuy Yunupingu. At the meeting Yunupingu changed his position in relation to the Northern Territory emergency response: rather than opposing the measures, Yunupingu decided the intervention was instead an opportunity for the Indigenous community. Yunupingu also signed a memorandum of understanding regarding a 99-year lease to be held over his community of Gunyangara (Ski Beach) in Arnhem Land. He also agreed to set up a council of elders in the Northern Territory to advise the government on the course of the intervention.[33][34][35][36][37]

Yunupingu subsequently reversed his position on the intervention, saying that it has failed and is "It is now three years old but it hasn't made Aboriginal people any richer or healthier or happier. It is really and truly dragging people down to create more misery… Let's start again."[38]

Speaking in response to the Aurukun rape case involving a 10-year-old girl, Pearson said on 12 December 2007 that the case was "the tip of a tragic iceberg," and that there should be no hesitation in taking Aboriginal children out of dysfunctional and dangerous family circumstances.[39][40][41] He did not, however, support calls to extend the Northern Territory emergency intervention to Queensland.[42] Pearson argued on 15 December that the sexual abuse of Aboriginal children may be lessened by establishing a "Families Responsibilities Commission" charged with making decisions about whether welfare recipients are fulfilling their obligations.[43] Prime Minister Rudd ruled out extending the intervention to Queensland in the near future,[44] but stated that he was in discussion with the Queensland government about Pearson's proposal for a "Families Responsibilities Commission."[45]

Views on reforming Australia’s Constitution

On 24 November 2007, the day of the Australian federal election, Pearson strongly attacked the opposition leader Kevin Rudd for reneging, two days before the election, on his commitment to seek constitutional recognition for Indigenous Australians.[46][47][48][49] Rudd had initially pledged bipartisan support for John Howard's proposal, made on the first day of the election campaign, to pursue a referendum recognising Indigenous Australians, but it was reported on 23 November that Rudd had stated that, should he win the election, he was "unlikely to pursue Mr Howard's plan for a reconciliation preamble."[50] The day after Rudd won the election, Labor Senator Penny Wong defended their policy of concentrating on practical rather than symbolic measures, aimed at narrowing the gap between Indigenous and other Australians.[51]

Pearson has called for constitutional amendments in two areas, "one symbolic and the other substantive":

In April 2008, after attending the Australia 2020 Summit, Pearson argued that any proposed constitutional reform aimed at recognising indigenous Australians must be in a form acceptable to a wide range of the Australian population. He therefore indicated his belief that a "domestic agreement" would be preferable to a treaty between sovereign states.[53][54]

On 12 February 2008, the eve of the parliamentary apology to the Stolen Generations, Pearson explained his own complex and conflicted views on the question of an apology.[55]

Pearson argued in August 2008 that welfare benefits should not be granted to indigenous Australians under the age of 21.[56]

Wild Rivers debate

On 14 November 2007, it was reported that Pearson had accused the Queensland government of Anna Bligh, and the federal Labor opposition led by Kevin Rudd, of "selling out Aborigines," saying that a plan to prevent development of the Cape York region was a bid to gain The Greens preferences. Pearson argued that at the very moment when welfare reform was being attempted in Cape York, economic opportunities for the Aboriginal population would be "shot down" by such a move.[57]

In April 2009, Pearson went on temporary leave from Director of the Cape York Institute he had established in 2004 (though claimed at the time he was stepping down altogether). Pearson objected to legislation introduced by the Queensland government declaring certain rivers on indigenous land to be "wild rivers." He stated that he felt this legislation, which would make economic development of the river areas difficult or impossible, was an attempt by the Anna Bligh government to maintain close links with the Australian Greens for electoral purposes, and that it ran counter to the interests of the local indigenous population. He stated that he had therefore decided to resign his Directorship in order to return to the land rights issues which had formerly been his major preoccupation. It was later revealed that Pearson in fact did not step down from the Directorship and only took temporary leave.[58][59]

In 2009 Pearson published a collection of his writings under the title Up from the Mission: Selected Writings as well as a Quarterly Essay titled Radical Hope: Education and equality in Australia.

Personal life

In August 2012 Pearson revealed that he had undergone four months of chemotherapy for lymphatic cancer.[60]

Articles and addresses

2011

2010

2009

2008

2007

2006

2005

2004

2003

2002

2001

2000

1987

Collections of articles

Profiles and interviews

Short biographies

References

  1. ↑ Pearson, N (29 May 2010). "Promise of Mabo not yet realised" (Opinion). The Australian.
  2. 1 2 Pearson, Noel (12 August 2000). The Light On The Hill: Ben Chifley Memorial Lecture (Extract; transcript) (Speech). Bathurst, NSW: Australianpolitics.com. Retrieved 11 November 2014.
  3. ↑ Pearson, Noel (21 April 2007). "Hunt for the Radical Centre" (Opinion). The Australian. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
  4. ↑ Pearson, Noel (7 September 2010). Nights When I Dream of a Better World: Moving from the Centre-Left to the Radical Centre of Australian Politics (PDF) (Speech). Swinburne Institute for Social Research. Retrieved 27 February 2013.
  5. ↑ Pearson, Noel (2011). Up From the Mission: Selected Writings. Black Inc. / Schwartz Media Ltd., Part Four. pp. 219–322. ISBN 978-1-86395-520-1.
  6. ↑ "Noel Pearson's eulogy for Gough Whitlam praised as one for the ages". The Sydney Morning Herald. 5 November 2014. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  7. ↑ Clark, Tom (7 November 2014). "A closer look at Noel Pearson's eulogy for Gough Whitlam". The Coversation. Retrieved 9 November 2014.
  8. ↑ Pearson, Noel. "Walking in two worlds". The Australian. Archived from the original on 27 December 2007.
  9. ↑ "Director". Cape York Institute for Policy and Leadership.
  10. ↑ "Contributor: Noel Pearson". Griffith Review. Griffith University. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  11. ↑ Foley, Gary (14 June 2001). "The road to native title: The Aboriginal rights movement and the Australian Labor Party, 1973–1996". The Koori History Website.
  12. ↑ "DPP labelled incompetent after Palm Is charges decision". ABC News. Australia. 15 December 2006. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
  13. ↑ "Pearson calls for 20-year strategy". The Australian.
  14. ↑ Iggulden, Tom (11 May 2007). "Govt launches radical Indigenous welfare plan" (transcript). Lateline. Australia: ABC TV. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
  15. ↑ Stafford, Annabel (12 May 2007). "Hope for Pearson's great expectations". The Age. Retrieved 18 August 2016.
  16. ↑ Pearson, Noel (24 May 2007). "Indigenous Australia" (PDF). Boomerang Australia.
  17. ↑ "From Hand Out to Hand Up" (PDF). Cape York Institute for Policy and Leadership. June 2007.
  18. ↑ "Brough backs indigenous welfare overhaul". The Age. 19 June 2007.
  19. ↑ "Pearson defends Aboriginal welfare plan". The Australian.
  20. ↑ Kelly, Paul. "Howard's epiphany". The Australian.
  21. ↑ Grattan, Michelle; Schubert, Misha; Murphy, Katharine (11 October 2007). "Howard's 11th-hour rethink on reconciliation". The Age.
  22. ↑ Karvelas, Patricia. "Pearson's challenge: spend a week watching indigenous abuses". The Australian.
  23. ↑ Karvelas, Patricia. "Crusade to save Aboriginal kids from abuse". The Australian.
  24. ↑ "Pearson fears for Indigenous parents' freedom". ABC News. Australia. 22 June 2007.
  25. ↑ "Noel Pearson discusses the issues faced by indigenous communities" (transcript). Lateline. Australia: ABC TV. 2007.
  26. ↑ Pearson, Noel. "Politics aside, an end to the tears is our priority". The Australian.
  27. ↑ Koch, Tony; Shanahan, Dennis. "Get parents who shield abusers: Pearson". The Australian.
  28. ↑ "PM accused of black land grab". The Sydney Morning Herald. 9 July 2007.
  29. ↑ "An interview with Gary Foley: history will judge Howard's reforms". Online Opinion.
  30. ↑ "$48m pledge to Cape York welfare". The Australian.
  31. ↑ Langton, Marcia (29 November 2007). "It's time to stop playing politics with vulnerable lives". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  32. ↑ Martin, Philip (6 December 2007). "Welfare is not the key". The Age.
  33. ↑ "Top leader now backs Territory intervention". The Age. 19 September 2007.
  34. ↑ "Indigenous leader signs 99-year land lease to Govt". 7.30. Australia: ABC TV. 2007.
  35. ↑ "Paternal feelings help thrash out pact for nation". The Age. 20 September 2007.
  36. ↑ Yunupingu, Galarrwuy. "The challenge begins". The Australian.
  37. ↑ "Whose coup? Canberra and clan both celebrate a deal". The Sydney Morning Herald. 21 September 2007.
  38. ↑ "NT intervention 'creating misery': Yunupingu". ABC News. Australia. 12 August 2009.
  39. ↑ "Pearson calls for end to passive welfare" (transcript). 7.30. Australia: ABC TV. 2007.
  40. ↑ Murphy, Padraic; Koch, Tony. "Family's warnings ignored". The Australian.
  41. ↑ "Take the children: Pearson". The Age. 13 December 2007.
  42. ↑ "Pearson seeks inquiry into 'cover-up'". The Australian.
  43. ↑ Pearson, Noel. "Blame game ends here". The Australian.
  44. ↑ "Rudd rules out extending NT program". The Australian.
  45. ↑ Shanahan, Dennis. "Indigenous 'challenges' on COAG agenda". The Australian.
  46. ↑ Murphy, Padraic. "Rudd betrayed us, says Pearson". The Australian.
  47. ↑ Kelly, Paul. "Pearson's dread of Rudd in power". The Australian.
  48. ↑ Pearson, Neil. "Noel Pearson's statement on Kevin Rudd". The Australian.
  49. ↑ Pearson, Noel. "Reconciliation U-turn shows leader's true colours". The Australian.
  50. ↑ Kelly, Paul; Shanahan, Dennis. "Rudd to turn back boatpeople". The Australian.
  51. ↑ "Labor stands by 'practical' Indigenous policy". ABC News. Australia. 25 November 2007.
  52. ↑ Pearson, Noel (14 January 2010). "Reconciliation must come with the republic" (Opinion). The Australian.
  53. ↑ Robinson, Natasha; Karvelas, Patricia. "Forget a treaty, say Pearson, Yunupingu". News.com.au.
  54. ↑ Pearson, Noel. "No progress without wide support". The Australian.
  55. ↑ Pearson, Noel. "When words aren't enough". The Australian.
  56. ↑ Karvelas, Patricia; Murphy, Padraic. "Ban Aboriginal dole until 21, Noel Pearson pleads". The Australian.
  57. ↑ Koch, Tony. "Labor accused of selling Cape down the river". The Australian.
  58. ↑ Koch, Tony; Elks, Sarah. "Noel Pearson quits institute to fight wild rivers battle". The Australian.
  59. ↑ Schwarten, Evan (8 April 2009). "Revolt on Cape York over wild rivers". The Sydney Morning Herald.
  60. ↑ Bita, Natasha. "Pearson fights off cancer scare". The Australian.
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