Nirim

Nirim
נִירִים‎

Nirim defenders in 1948
Nirim
Coordinates: 31°20′5.64″N 34°23′45.23″E / 31.3349000°N 34.3958972°E / 31.3349000; 34.3958972Coordinates: 31°20′5.64″N 34°23′45.23″E / 31.3349000°N 34.3958972°E / 31.3349000; 34.3958972
District Southern
Council Eshkol
Affiliation Kibbutz Movement
Founded 6 October 1946
Founded by Hashomer Hatzair members
Area 22,000 dunams (22 km2 or 8 sq mi)
Population (2015)[1] 357
 • Density 16/km2 (42/sq mi)
Website www.nirim.co.il

Nirim (Hebrew: נִירִים‎, lit. Meadows) is a kibbutz in the northwestern Negev in Israel. Located near the border with the Gaza Strip, about 7 kilometers east of Khan Yunis, it falls under the jurisdiction of Eshkol Regional Council.[2] In 2015 it had a population of 357.

History

The kibbutz was established in June 1946 as part of the 11 points in the Negev plan aimed at establishing a Jewish presence in the Negev in order to claim it as part of a future Jewish state.[3] It was named after the Nir brigade of the Hashomer Hatzair youth movement, some of whose members helped establish the kibbutz, and was originally established on a site called "Dangour", where kibbutz Sufa is now.[2] One of the founders was Dan Zur, who became one of Israel's leading landscape architects.[4]

At the outbreak of the 1948 Arab–Israeli War on 15 May 1948, the kibbutz was first Jewish settlement in Israel to be attacked by the Egyptian army, in the Battle of Nirim.[3] It had 39 defenders.[5] During the battle, the Egyptians came within 25 meters of the kibbutz perimeter and eight of the kibbutz defenders were killed, before Egyptians withdrew.[3] All of the houses were destroyed in the attack.[5]

Detail of mosaic floor at the ancient Maon Synagogue, Nirim

Nirim remained an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) outpost against the Egyptian army throughout the war. After the war, the IDF wanted the site because of its strategic location, while the kibbutzniks wanted to move north, to the line of 200 millimeters of rain a year, so the kibbutz moved some 15 kilometers northeast to its present location, next to the site of an ancient synagogue at Horvot Maon.

During the Mapam split of 1952, Moshe Sneh's supporters were banished from the kibbutz. Until 1956, it was targeted by Fedayeen attacks from the Gaza Strip.[2]

Since 2000, Nirim has been hit by Qassam rockets fired from the Gaza Strip. After Israel's launching of Operation Cast Lead, in January 2009, most of Nirim's members, as well as other villages near the Gaza Strip, were evacuated. Dozens of families from Nirim stayed at kibbutz Mishmar HaEmek in the Jezreel Valley for a month, until the end of the operation.[3]

Economy

Nirim produces organically grown peanuts, sweet potatoes, turnips, carrots and other vegetables and exports them to Europe. The farmers work the land right up to the Gaza Strip barrier.[3] After Israel's disengagement from Gaza in 2005, the Defense Ministry decided to construct a security strip in the area surrounding Gaza, which was to run through Nirim agricultural territory . Nirim was asked to concede NIS 1 million of its compensation funds.[6]

References

  1. ↑ "List of localities, in Alphabetical order" (PDF). Israel Central Bureau of Statistics. Retrieved 16 October 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 Mapa's concise gazetteer of Israel (in Hebrew). Yuval El'azari (ed.). Tel-Aviv: Mapa Publishing. 2005. p. 372. ISBN 965-7184-34-7.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 Aisenberg, Lydia (2009-04-16). "Feeling Gaza". The Jerusalem Post. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
  4. ↑ Landscape architect Dan Zur dead at 86, Haaretz
  5. 1 2 Lavie, Aviv; Moshe Gorali (2003-10-29). "'I saw fit to remove her from the world'". Haaretz. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
  6. ↑ Barshkovsky, Anat (2005-09-11). "Kibbutz: No deal reached for using our land". Ynetnews. Retrieved 2009-04-24.
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