Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala

Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala
Minister of Finance
In office 11 July 2011 – 29 May 2015
President	Goodluck Jonathan
Preceded by	Olusegun Olutoyin Aganga
Succeeded by	Kemi Adeosun
In office 15 July 2003 – 21 June 2006
President	Olusegun Obasanjo
Preceded by	Adamu Ciroma
Succeeded by	Nenadi Usman
Coordinating Minister for the Economy
In office 11 July 2011 – 29 May 2015
President	Goodluck Jonathan
Preceded by	Olusegun Olutoyin Aganga
Minister of Foreign Affairs
In office 21 June 2006 – 30 August 2006
President	Olusegun Obasanjo
Preceded by	Oluyemi Adeniji
Succeeded by	Joy Ogwu
Personal details
Born	(1954-06-13) 13 June 1954 Ogwashi-Ukwu, Delta State, Nigeria
Alma mater	Harvard University Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala (born 13 June 1954) is an Igbo Nigerian and a highly respected and influential global leader, economist, policy maker and thinker on Finance and Economic Development. She has been listed 5 years consecutively as one of the 100 Most Powerful Women in the World by Forbes Magazine^[1] and in 2013 was listed as one of the Most Influential People in the World by TIME Magazine.^[2] In 2015, she was also listed as one of the 50 Greatest World Leaders by Fortune.^[3]

She served two terms as Finance Minister of Nigeria (2003-2006, 2011-2015) and was previously Managing Director of the World Bank (2007-2011). She currently chairs the Board of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI) and the African Risk Capacity (ARC). She is also a Senior Adviser at Lazard.

Dr. Okonjo-Iweala is renowned as the first female and black candidate to contest for the presidency of the World Bank Group in 2012.^[4]

Education and personal life

Okonjo-Iweala is from Ogwashi-Ukwu, Delta State, where her father Professor Chukwuka Okonjo is the Eze (King) from the Obahai Royal Family of Ogwashi-Ukwu.

Okonjo-Iweala was educated at the International School Ibadan and Harvard University, graduating magna cum laude with an AB in Economics in 1976, and earned her PhD in regional economics and development from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1981. She received an International Fellowship from the American Association of University Women (AAUW) that supported her doctoral studies.^[5]

She is married to Dr. Ikemba Iweala, a neurosurgeon from Umuahia, Abia State, and they have four children.^[6]

Career

Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala, at the 2004 Spring Meetings of the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank Group

Dr. Okonjo-Iweala served twice as Nigeria’s Finance Minister and also as Minister of Foreign Affairs. She was the first female to hold both positions. During her first term as Minister of Finance under President Obasanjo’s Administration, she spearheaded negotiations with the Paris Club of Creditors that led to the wiping out of US$30 billion of Nigeria’s debt, including the outright cancellation of US$18 billion.^[7] In 2003 she led efforts to improve Nigeria’s macroeconomic management including the implementation of an oil-price based fiscal rule where revenues accruing above a reference benchmark oil price were saved in a special account, “The Excess Crude Account” which helped to reduce macroeconomic volatility.^[8]

She also introduced the practice of publishing each state's monthly financial allocation from the Federal Government of Nigeria in the newspapers. This action went a long way in increasing transparency in governance.^[9] With the support of the World Bank and the IMF to the Federal Government of Nigeria, she helped build an electronic financial management platform-the Government Integrated Financial Management and Information System (GIFMIS), including the Treasury Single Account (TSA) and the Integrated Payroll and Personnel Information System (IPPIS), helping to curtail corruption in the process. As at 31 December 2014, the IPPIS platform for example had eliminated 62,893 ghost workers from the system and saved the Nigerian government about $1.25 billion in the process.^[10]

Dr. Okonjo-Iweala was also instrumental in helping Nigeria obtain its first ever sovereign credit rating (of BB minus) from Fitch Ratings and Standard & Poor's in 2006.^[11]

Following her first term as Minister of Finance, she returned to the World Bank as a Managing Director in December 2007. Dr. Okonjo-Iweala had also previously spent the first 21 years of her career as a development economist at the World Bank. As Managing Director, she had oversight responsibility for the World Bank’s $81 billion operational portfolio in Africa, South Asia, Europe and Central Asia.^[12]

Dr. Okonjo-Iweala spearheaded several World Bank initiatives to assist low-income countries during the 2008 – 2009 food crises and later during the financial crisis. In 2010, she was chair of the IDA replenishment, World Bank’s successful drive to raise $49.3 billion in grants and low interest credit for the poorest countries in the world.^[13]

In 2011, Okonjo-Iweala was reappointed as Minister of Finance in Nigeria with the expanded portfolio of the Coordinating Minister for the Economy by President Goodluck Jonathan. Her legacy includes strengthening Nigeria’s public financial systems, stimulating the housing sector with the establishment of the Nigerian Mortgage Refinance Corporation (NMRC).^[14] She also empowered Nigeria’s women and youth with the Growing Girls and Women in Nigeria Programme (GWIN); a gender responsive budgeting system^[15] and the highly acclaimed Youth Enterprise with Innovation programme (YouWIN); a highly acclaimed programme to support entrepreneurs that created thousands of jobs.^[16]

This program has been evaluated by the World Bank as one of the most effective programmes of its kind globally. Under her leadership, the National Bureau of Statistics carried out a rebasing exercise; the first in 24 years, which saw Nigeria emerge as the largest economy in Africa.^[17] She took a lot of heat, more-so than any other government official for the fuel subsidy removal policy by the Nigerian government which led to protests in January 2012.^[18] In May 2016, the new Nigerian administration eventually removed the fuel subsidy after it became apparent that it was unsustainable and inefficient.^[19]

In September 2015, she joined Lazard as a Senior Advisor^[20] and in January 2016 she was appointed Chair of the Global Alliance for Vaccines and Immunization (GAVI).^[21]

International development leadership and non-profit work

Dr. Okonjo-Iweala is Chair of the Board of the African Union's African Risk Capacity, an innovative weather based insurance mechanism for African countries.^[22] She is also Chair of the Board of the Nelson Mandela Institution, an umbrella body for the African Institutes of Science and Technology and Chair of the Board of the African University of Science and Technology in Nigeria.^[23] In addition, she is a member of numerous boards and advisory groups, including the Rockefeller Foundation, the University of Oxford’s Blavatnik School of Government’s International Advisory Board, the Harvard University Advisory Council, the University of Oxford Martin School’s Advisory Council, the Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank International Advisory Panel,^[24] the International Commission on Financing Global Education (Chaired by Gordon Brown), the Center for Global Development,^[25] the Mercy Corp Global Leadership Council, the Women’s World Banking, Results for Development Institute, the World Economic Forum Young Global Leaders Foundation, the B Team (Co-chaired by Sir Richard Branson), the Commission on the New Climate Economy (co-Chaired by President Felipe Calderon and Lord Nicholas Stern) and the Global Development Network amongst others.

Previously, she served as the co-Chair of the Global Partnership for Effective Development Cooperation^[26] and Chair of the World Bank’s Development Committee (2004). She was also a member of the International Monetary and Finance Committee of the IMF (2003-2006 and 2011-2015), the United Nations’ Secretary General’s High-Level Panel on the Post-2015 Development Agenda, the Danish-Government-led Commission on Africa, the World Economic Forum Global Leadership Council on Transparency and Corruption, and the renowned Commission on World Growth, led by Nobel Prize winner Professor Michael Spence. She has served on the advisory board of the Clinton Global Initiative and the ONE Foundation.

Dr. Okonjo-Iweala is the founder of Nigeria’s first indigenous opinion-research organization, NOI-Polls.^[27] She founded the Center for the Study of Economies of Africa (C-SEA),^[28] a development research think tank based in Abuja, Nigeria’s capital and is a Distinguished Visiting Fellow at the Center for Global Development and the Brookings Institution; premier Washington DC think tanks.

Honors and awards

• Devex, Women Power with Purpose, 2016^[29]
• Fortune,50 Greatest World Leaders,2015^[30]
• David Rockefeller Bridging Leadership Award, 2014^[31]
• TIME, 100 Most Influential People in the World, 2014^[32]
• Africa Investor Magazine, Finance Minister of the Year, 2014^[33]
• Forbes Magazine, 100 Most Powerful Women in the World, 2014^[34]
• Forbes Magazine, 100 Most Powerful Women in the World, 2013^[35]
• Forbes Magazine, 100 Most Powerful Women in the World, 2012^[36]
• Forbes Magazine, 3 Most Powerful Women in Africa, 2012^[37]
• Silverbird Woman of the Year. 2012^[38]
• Foreign Policy, 100 Global Thinkers, 2012^[39]
• Foreign Policy, 100 Global Thinkers, 2011^[40]
• Forbes Magazine, 100 Most Powerful Women in the World, 2011^[41]
• Forbes Magazine, 10 Most Influential Women in Africa, 2011
• The Guardian UK Newspaper, 100 Women in the World, 2011^[42]
• Newsweek Magazine, Top 150 Women in the World, 2011
• President of the Italian Republic Gold Medal by the Pia Manzu Centre, 2011^[43]
• Women Deliver, 100 most inspiring people in the World Delivering for Girls and Women, 2011^[44]
• Who's Who in Anioma, 2011,Columbia University School of International and Public Affairs, Global Leadership Award,2010^[45]
• Bishop John T. Walker Distinguished Humanitarian Service Award, 2010^[46]
• THISDAY, 50 Most Notable Nigerians Who Have Contributed the Most to 50 Years of Nigerian Development, 2010^[47]
• Condé Nast International Business Intelligence Magazine, 73 “brilliant” business influencers in the world, 2008^[48]
• Nigerian of the Year 2006^[49]
• Emerging Markets Magazine, Finance Minister of the Year for Africa and the Middle East, 2005^[50]
• This Day Nigeria Minister of the Year 2005^[51]
• Euromoney Magazine Global Finance Minister of the year 2005^[52]
• Financial Times/The Banker African Finance Minister 2005^[53]
• Time Europe Hero 2004^[54]
• This Day Nigeria Minister of the Year 2004^[55]
• Honorary Doctorate from Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA^[56]
• Honorary Doctorate from University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia PA, USA^[57]
• Honorary Doctorate from Brown University, Providence, RI, USA^[58]
• Honorary Doctorate from Trinity College, University of Dublin, Ireland^[59]
• Honorary Doctorate from Colby College, Maine, USA^[60]
• Honorary Doctorate from Northern Caribbean University, Mandeville, Jamaica
• Honorary Doctorate from Amherst College, Amherst, MA, USA.
• Honorary Doctorate from Abia State University, Uturu, Nigeria
• Honorary Doctorate from Oduduwa University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
• Honorary Doctorate from Babcock University, Illishan-remo, Nigeria^[61]
• Honorary Doctorate from University of Port Harcourt, Nigeria
• Honorary Doctorate from Obafemi Awolowo University, Ife, Nigeria

Works

• Reforming The Unreformable: Lessons From Nigeria – an account of Ngozi's work under Obasanjo's administration between 2003 – 2007, published by MIT Press, (2012)
• Shine a Light on the Gaps – an essay on financial inclusion for African Small Holder Farmers, published by Foreign Affairs (2015), co-authored with Janeen Madan
• Funding the SDGs: Licit and Illicit Financial Flows from Developing Countries, published by Horizons Magazine (2016)
• Chinua Achebe: Teacher of Light – a biography of Nigerian author Chinua Achebe, published by Africa World Press, (2003), co-authored with Tijan Sallah
• The Debt Trap in Nigeria: Towards a Sustainable Debt Strategy – an academic piece, published by Africa World Press, (2003), co-edited with Charles C. Soludo and Mansur Muhtar
• Want to Help Africa? Do Business Here – A Ted Talk delivered March 2007^[62]
• Aid Versus Trade – A Ted Talk delivered June 2007^[63]
• Don’t Trivialise Corruption, Tackle It – A Tedx Euston Talk delivered January 2013^[64]

References

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala.

• Want to help Africa? Do business here, a TED talk
• Time Europe's Heroes of 2004
• "2011 budget not good for development – Okonjo-Iweala"
• The Center for Global Development and The Washington Post Present: A World Bank President Candidate Event: Ngozi Okonjo-Iweala