Solo Man

Solo Man Homo erectus soloensis Temporal range: Pleistocene

Cast of Ngandong 13 from the National Museum of Natural History
Conservation status
Fossil
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Primates
Family:	Hominidae
Genus:	Homo
Species:	†H. erectus
Subspecies:	†H. e. soloensis
Trinomial name
*Homo erectus soloensis* Oppenoorth, 1932

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Axis scale: millions of years.
also see {{Life timeline}} and {{Nature timeline}}

Solo Man (Homo erectus soloensis) was formerly classified as Homo sapiens soloensis and is now regarded as a subspecies of the extinct hominin, Homo erectus. Discovered between 1931 and 1933 by Gustav Heinrich Ralph von Koenigswald,^[1] the only known specimens of this anomalous hominid were retrieved from sites along the Bengawan Solo River, on the Indonesian island of Java. The remains are also commonly referred to as Ngandong (now at Kradenan district, Blora Regency), after the village near where they were first recovered.

Though its morphology was, for the most part, typical of Homo erectus, its culture was unusually advanced.^[2] This poses many problems to current theories concerning the limitations of Homo erectus behavior in terms of innovation and language.^[3] Its cranial capacity ranged between 1013–1251 cm³, placing it amongst the larger-brained members of the Homo genus.^[4]

Due to the tools found with the extinct hominid and many of its more gracile anatomical features, it was first classified as a subspecies (once called Javanthropus) of Homo sapiens and thought to be the ancestor of modern aboriginal Australians. However, more rigorous studies have concluded that this is not the case.^[5] Analysis of 18 crania from Sangiran, Trinil, Sambungmacan, and Ngandong show chronological development from the Bapang-AG to Ngandong periods.^[6] H. e. soloensis was re-dated in 2011 to between 550,000 and 143,000 years old.^[7]

Notes

↑ Schwartz, Jeffrey H.; Tattersall, Ian (2005). The Human Fossil Record, Craniodental Morphology of Genus Homo (Africa and Asia). John Wiley & Sons. p. 450. ISBN 9780471326441.
↑ Ngandong (Emuseum@Minnesota State University, Mankato)
↑ Peter Brown: Recent human evolution in East Asia and Australasia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Biological Sciences, Vol. 337, 235-242, 1992
↑ http://www.columbia.edu/~rlh2/PartII.pdf
↑ Peter Brown: Recent human evolution in East Asia and Australasia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Biological Sciences, Vol. 337, 235-242, 1992
↑ Kaifu, Y; Aziz, F; Indriati, E; Jacob, T; Kurniawan, I; Baba, H (Oct 2008). "Cranial morphology of Javanese Homo erectus: new evidence for continuous evolution, specialization, and terminal extinction". Journal of Human Evolution. 55 (4): 551–80. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2008.05.002. ISSN 0047-2484. PMID 18635247.
↑ Finding showing human ancestor older than previously thought offers new insights into evolution, 5 July 2011.

External links

Finding showing human ancestor older than previously thought offers new insights into evolution
Morphology of Solo man Anthropological papers of the AMNH
Early Indonesia content excerpted from Indonesia: A Country Study, William H. Frederick and Robert L. Worden , eds. Washington, DC: Federal Research Division of the Library of Congress, 1992
Human species before and after the genetic bottleneck associated with Toba, including details on the Java finds
O. Frank Huffman, John de Vos, Aart W. Berkhout, and Fachroel Aziz (2010) "Provenience Reassessment of the 1931-1933 Ngandong Homo erectus (Java), Confirmation of the Bone-Bed Origin Reported by the Discoverers." PaleoAnthropology 2010:1-60
Indriati E, Swisher CC III, Lepre C, Quinn RL, Suriyanto RA, et al. 2011 The Age of the 20 Meter Solo River Terrace, Java, Indonesia and the Survival of Homo erectus in Asia. PLoS ONE 6(6): e21562. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0021562
Human Timeline (Interactive) – Smithsonian, National Museum of Natural History (August 2016).

Human evolution

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