NASA Astronaut Group 5

Group 5 astronauts. Back row, from L-R: Swigert, Pogue, Evans, Weitz, Irwin, Carr, Roosa, Worden, Mattingly, Lousma. Front row, from L-R: Givens, Mitchell, Duke, Lind, Haise, Engle, Brand, Bull, McCandless

NASA's Astronaut Group 5 was selected by NASA in April 1966. Of the six Lunar Module Pilots that walked on the Moon, three came from Group 5. The group as a whole is roughly split between the half who flew to the Moon (nine in all) and the other half who flew Skylab and Shuttle, providing the core of Shuttle Commanders early in that program. This group is also distinctive in being the only time when NASA hired a person into the astronaut corps who had already earned astronaut wings, X-15 pilot Joe Engle. John Young labelled the group the "Original Nineteen" in parody of the original seven Mercury astronauts.[1]

A chart showing Group 5 assignments in relation to other astronaut groups. Graphed this way, it clearly shows how Group 5 military pilots were assigned ahead of Group 4, with most of Group 4 required to spend a full year at UPT to get qualified as jet pilots, which all of Group 5 (and Groups 1-3) had done early in their military careers).

Group members

Skylab Rescue — never flown[2]
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project — July 1975 — Command Module Pilot — First joint U.S./U.S.S.R. mission[2]
STS-5 Columbia — November 1982 — Commander — SBS-C and Anik C-3 satellite deployment mission[2]
STS-41-B Challenger — February 1984 — Commander — Westar 6 and Palapa B2 satellite deployment mission, first untethered spacewalk[2]
STS-35 Columbia — December 1990 — Commander — ASTRO-1 mission[2]
Resigned from the astronaut corps after learning that he was suffering from pulmonary disease.[3]
Skylab 4 — November 1973–February 1974 — Commander — Third crew of the Skylab space station[4]
Apollo 16 — April 1972 — Lunar Module Pilot — Fifth manned lunar landing; tenth person to walk on the moon[5]
Also CAPCOM during landing of Apollo 11
ALT Enterprise — February through October 1977 — Commander[6]
STS-2 Columbia — November 1981 — Commander — Remote Manipulator System testing[6]
STS-51-I Discovery — August 1985 — Commander — AUSSAT-I, ASC-I, and Syncom IV-4 satellite deployment; Syncom IV-3 repair mission[6]
Was replaced as the Lunar Module Pilot for Apollo 17 by geologist Harrison Schmitt after Apollo 18 had been canceled.
Engle was the only shuttle pilot who had prior hypersonic flight experience, having earned his astronaut wings flying the X-15 rocket plane.[6]
Apollo 17 — December 1972 — Command Module Pilot — Last manned lunar landing[7]
Killed in automobile accident in 1967 while serving on the Apollo 7 support crew.[8]
Apollo 13 — April 1970 — Lunar Module Pilot — Aborted lunar landing; would have been the sixth person to walk on the moon[9]
Slated to land as Commander of Apollo 19
ALT Enterprise — February through October 1977 - Commander[9]
Was to command the original STS-2 flight to rescue Skylab in 1979.
Apollo 15 — July 1971 — Lunar Module Pilot — Fourth manned lunar landing; eighth person to walk on the moon[10]
Skylab Rescue — never flown[11]
STS-51-B Challenger — April 1985 — Payload Commander — Spacelab mission[11]
His first and only flown mission in 1985 came 19 years after being selected as an astronaut.
Skylab 3 — July–September 1973 — Pilot — Second crew of the Skylab space station[12]
STS-3 Columbia — March 1982 — Commander — Research and development flight[12]
Apollo 16 — April 1972 — Command Module Pilot — Fifth manned lunar landing[13]
STS-4 Columbia — June 1982 — Commander — Final research and development flight, first classified United States Department of Defense payload[13]
STS-51-C Discovery — January 1985 — Commander — First classified United States Department of Defense mission; deployed USA-8 (Magnum 1)[13]
Was the original Command Module Pilot for Apollo 13, but was grounded due to exposure to rubella, which he was not immune to.[13]
STS-41-B Challenger — February 1984 — Mission Specialist — Westar 6 and Palapa B2 satellite deployment mission; McCandless conducted the first untethered EVA[14]
STS-31 Discovery — April 1990 — Mission Specialist — Hubble Space Telescope deployment mission[14]
Apollo 14 — January 1971 — Lunar Module Pilot — Third manned lunar landing; sixth person to walk on the moon[15]
Skylab 4 — November 1973–February 1974 — Pilot — Third crew of the Skylab space station[16]
Apollo 14 — January 1971 — Command Module Pilot — Third manned lunar landing[17]
Apollo 13 — April 1970 — Command Module Pilot — Aborted lunar landing[18]
Intended as Command Module Pilot on Apollo-Soyuz Test Project but was replaced by Vance Brand because of the Apollo 15 postage stamp incident
Skylab 2 — May–June 1973 — Pilot — First crew of the Skylab space station[19]
STS-6 Challenger — April 1983 — Commander — Maiden flight of Challenger, TDRS A satellite deployment mission[19]
Apollo 15 — July 1971 — Command Module Pilot — Fourth manned lunar landing[20]

References

  1. ↑ Collins, Michael (1974). Carrying The Fire. p. 180. ISBN 0-553-23948-1.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 NASA (April 2008). "Astronaut Bio: V.D. Brand". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  3. 1 2 NASA (December 1993). "Astronaut Bio: John S. Bull". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  4. 1 2 NASA (October 2003). "Astronaut Bio: Gerald P. Carr". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  5. 1 2 NASA (December 1994). "Astronaut Bio: Charles Duke". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 NASA (March 1987). "Astronaut Bio: Joe Henry Engle". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  7. 1 2 NASA (April 1990). "Astronaut Bio: Ronald E. Evans". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  8. 1 2 NASA (June 1967). "Astronaut Bio: Edward G. Givens". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  9. 1 2 3 NASA (January 1996). "Astronaut Bio: Fred Haise". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  10. 1 2 NASA (August 1972). "Astronaut Bio: James Irwin". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  11. 1 2 3 NASA (January 1987). "Astronaut Bio: Don Lind". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  12. 1 2 3 NASA (February 1999). "Astronaut Bio: Jack Robert Lousma". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 NASA (January 1987). "Astronaut Bio: Thomas K. Mattingly II". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  14. 1 2 3 NASA (May 1990). "Astronaut Bio: Bruce McCandless II". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  15. 1 2 NASA (September 2007). "Astronaut Bio: E. Mitchell". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  16. 1 2 NASA (February 1994). "Astronaut Bio: W. Pogue". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  17. 1 2 NASA (December 1994). "Astronaut Bio: Stuart Allen Roosa". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  18. 1 2 NASA (January 1983). "Astronaut Bio: John L. Swigert". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  19. 1 2 3 NASA (July 1994). "Astronaut Bio: Paul J. Weitz". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
  20. 1 2 NASA (December 1993). "Astronaut Bio: Alfred Merrill Worden". Retrieved 2008-10-21.
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