Muisca religion and mythology

The terms Muisca religion and mythology refer to the pre-Columbian beliefs of the Muisca indigenous people of the Cordillera Oriental highlands of the Andes in the vicinity of Bogotá, Colombia. The tradition includes a selection of received myths concerning the origin and organization of the universe. Their belief system may be described as a polytheistic religion containing a very strong element of spirituality based on an epistemology of mysticism.

Muisca religion

Moon goddess Chía
preliminary sketch by Alonso Neira Martinez

Monument to Bachué by Luís Horacio Betancur, Medellín (Colombia)

Monument to Bochica, Cuítiva (Boyacá)

Creation of the universe

Bachué ("the Grandmother") is a non-material principle of creation, the will, the thought and the imagination of all the things to come. She is a similar concept to the principle of tao in the Chinese mythology.

The time of unquyquie nxie ("the first thought") is the time of the cosmic origin, when the thoughts of Bachué became actions. This is the time when Bachué created the builders of the universe and ordered them to create.

Beginning of the world

The world started with Chimi ("the pulp"), the first material object in the world. Then, in the inners of tomsa, were incubated the embryos of stars, embryos of land and embryos of stone. When tomsa was full, the seeds of the earth emerged and the remains were thrown away, forming the Milky Way.

The elements were distributed to the deities: the heat to Sué – the sun, the cold to Chía – the Moon, and the clouds and smoke to the Earth, but all the things were still seeds and nothing was germinated. Then, Mnya, gold, energy, was united with Chimi, the pulp, and became Chímini, the creative force, which caused the germination of the seeds of all things.

Origin of mankind

According to Muisca legends, mankind was originated in Lake Iguaque, when mother goddess Bachué came out from the lake with a boy in her arms. When the boy grew, they populated the earth. They are considered the ancestors of the human race. finally, they disappeared unto the lake in the shape of snakes.

Great flood

Due to transgressions against the divine laws, Chibchacum brought forth a flood that covered the world and nearly destroyed the human race. Then, the protective god Bochica drove away the waters through the Tequendama Falls, and taught humans the basis of civilization, agriculture, religion, the arts, and crafts. When he was about to leave to his heavenly kingdom, Cuchavira (the rainbow) appeared and Bochica announced his second coming, far away in the future, in an event marked by death and disease. These events are similar to the biblical histories of Genesis and Apocalypse.

Deities

The first gods, constructors of the universe, built the first cuca or ceremonial temple. They were:

Bachué ("The one with the naked breasts"): the mother goddess who raised from the underworld to give birth to the human race
Bochica ("The father of civilization") also called Nemqueteba, Nemquereteba, Sadigua, Chimizapagua
Chía: the Moon goddess of the Muisca
Chibchacum ("The one who holds the earth"): the universal legislator
Chiminigagua: trinity deity, constituted by Chí, Chímini and Chiminigagua
Cuchavira: god of the rainbow
Cuza ("The one who is like the night"): the male principle of creation
Huitaca: rebelling goddess of sexual liberation
Nencatacoa ("The protector of festivities, beer, and the arts")

The gods danced a very long dance (sas quyhynuca), with the music of the fo drum, in the first ceremony. This ceremony gave origin to space and time.

Then, the gods created the first materials of the universe: fiva (the air), faova (the cosmic cloud) and ie (the smoke). Then, they created the six directions of the material dimension, and in the middle of itugue, the emptiness, they created the centre of power tomsa (bellybutton of the universe). But, still the universe had no consistence, and they waited many bxogonoas aeons until the sas bequia, the beginning of the world.

References

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