Heptathlon

Athletics
Heptathlon

Heptathletes at Beijing 2008
Women's records
World Jackie Joyner-Kersee 7291 pts (1988)
Olympic Jackie Joyner-Kersee 7291 pts (1988)

A heptathlon is a track and field combined events contest made up of seven events.[1] The name derives from the Greek hepta (seven) and ἄθλος (áthlos, or ἄθλον, áthlon, meaning "feat"). A competitor in a heptathlon is referred to as a heptathlete.

There are two heptathlons – the women's heptathlon and the men's – composed of different events. The men's heptathlon is older and is held indoors, while the women's is held outdoors and was introduced in the 1980s, first appearing in the Olympics in 1984.

Women's heptathlon

Tatyana Chernova, Jessica Ennis and Lilli Schwarzkopf racing in the final 800 m event at the 2012 Olympic heptathlon

Women's heptathlon is the combined event for women contested in the Athletics program of the Olympics and in the IAAF World Championships in Athletics. The IAAF World Combined Events Challenge determines a yearly women's heptathlon champion. The women's outdoor heptathlon consists of the following events, with the first four contested on the first day, and the remaining three on day two:

The heptathlon has been contested by female athletes since the early 1980s, when it replaced the pentathlon as the primary women's combined event contest (the javelin throw and 800 m were added). It was first contested at the Olympic level in the 1984 Summer Olympics. In recent years some women's decathlon competitions have been conducted, consisting of the same events as the men's competition in a slightly different order, and the IAAF has begun keeping records for it, but the heptathlon remains the championship-level combined event for women. Jessica Ennis-Hill, representing Great Britain, is the 2012 Olympic Gold Medallist and the current World Champion.

There is also a Tetradecathlon, which is a double heptathlon, consisting of 14 events, seven events per day.

Points system

The heptathlon scoring system was devised by Dr Karl Ulbrich, a Viennese mathematician. The formulae are constructed so that, for each event, a designated "standard" performance (for example, approximately 1.82 m for the high jump) scores 1000 points.[2] Each event also has a minimum recordable performance level (e.g. 0.75 m for the high jump), corresponding to zero points. The formulae are devised so that successive constant increments in performance correspond to gradually increasing increments in points awarded.

Eventabc
200 metres4.9908742.51.81
800 metres0.111932541.88
100 metres hurdles9.2307626.71.835
High jump1.8452375.01.348
Long jump0.1888072101.41
Shot put56.02111.501.05
Javelin throw15.98033.801.04

The events are split into three groups, and the scores are calculated according to the three formulae:[3]

Running events (200 m, 800 m and 100 m hurdles):
Jumping events (high jump and long jump):
Throwing events (shot put and javelin):

P is for points, T is for time in seconds, M is for height or length in centimeters and D is length in meters. a, b and c have different values for each of the events (see table).

Benchmarks

The following table shows the benchmark levels required to earn 1000 points in each event of the heptathlon:

Event Required for 1000pts Units
100 m hurdles 13.85 Seconds
High jump 1.82 Metres
Shot put 17.07 Metres
200 m 23.80 Seconds
Long jump 6.48 Metres
Javelin throw 57.18 Metres
800 m 2:07.63 Minutes

Women's world records compared to heptathlon bests

Nataliya Dobrynska in the Osaka World Athletics Championships 2007 women's heptathlon
World records (WR) compared to heptathlon bests (HB)
Event Type Athlete Record Score Percentage /Points difference Notes/Ref
100 m hurdles
WR Kendra Harrison 12.20 s 1248 97.29%
HB Jessica Ennis 12.54 s 1195 −53 [4]
High jump
WR Stefka Kostadinova 2.09 m 1359 94.74%
HB Nafissatou Thiam
Katarina Johnson-Thompson 		1.98 m 1211 −148
Shot put
WR Natalya Lisovskaya 22.63 m 1378 76.49%
HB Austra Skujytė 17.31 m 1016 −362 [5]
200 m
WR Florence Griffith Joyner 21.34 s 1251 95.70%
HB Jackie Joyner Kersee 22.30 s 1150 −101
Long jump
WR Galina Chistyakova 7.52 m 1351 96.68%
HB Jackie Joyner Kersee 7.27 m 1264 −87
Javelin[note 1]
WR Barbora Špotáková 72.28 m 1295 84.26% current 1999 model
HB Barbora Špotáková 60.90 m 1072 −223 current 1999 model[6]
WR Petra Felke 80.00 m 1448 80.80% old model
HB Tessa Sanderson 64.64 m 1145 −303 old model
800 m
WR Jarmila Kratochvílová 1:53.28 min:s 1224 92.97%
HB Nadine Debois 2:01.84 min:s 1087 −137
Total World record 9106
Heptathlon bests 7982 −1124

Men's heptathlon

Heptathlon podium at the European Athletics Indoor Championships 2009 in Turin

The other version is an indoor competition, normally contested by men only. It is the men's combined event in the IAAF World Indoor Championships in Athletics. The men's indoor heptathlon consists of the following events, with the first four contested on the first day, and remaining three on day two:

The scoring is similar for both versions. In each event, the athlete scores points for his/her performance in each event according to scoring tables issued by the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF).[7] The athlete accumulating the highest number of points wins the competition.

Benchmarks

The following table shows the minimum benchmark levels required to earn 1000 points in each event of the heptathlon:

Event Required for 1000pts Units
60 m 6.68 Seconds
Long jump 7.76 Metres
Shot put 18.40 Metres
High jump 2.21 Metres
60 m hurdles 7.69 Seconds
Pole vault 5.29 Metres
1000 m 149.00 Seconds

Men's world records compared to heptathlon bests

World records (WR) compared to heptathlon bests (HB)
Event Type Athlete Record Score Difference in points scored Ref
60 m
WR Maurice Greene 6.39 s 1111
HB Chris Huffins 6.61 s 1026 −85
Long jump
WR Mike Powell 8.95 m 1312
HB Ashton Eaton 8.16 m 1102 −166 [8]
Shot put
WR Randy Barnes 22.66 m 1266
HB Aleksey Drozdov 17.17 m 924 −342
High jump
WR Javier Sotomayor 2.43 m 1223
HB Derek Drouin 2.30 m 1091 −132 [9]
60 m hurdles
WR Colin Jackson 7.30 s 1101
HB Ashton Eaton 7.60 s 1022 −79
Pole vault
WR Renaud Lavillenie 6.16 m 1284
HB Alex Averbukh 5.60 m 1100 −184
1000 m
WR Wilson Kipketer 2:14.96 1172
HB Curtis Beach 2:23.63 1064 −108
Total World record 8425
Heptathlon bests 7329 −1096

All-time top 25 athletes

Women

Carolina Klüft in the Osaka World Athletics Championships 2007 women's heptathlon
Rank Score Athlete Venue Date Ref
1 7291  Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) Seoul 23–24 September 1988
2 7032  Carolina Klüft (SWE) Osaka 25–26 August 2007
3 7007  Larisa Nikitina (URS) Bryansk 10–11 June 1989
4 6985  Sabine Braun (GER) Götzis 30–31 May 1992
5 6955  Jessica Ennis (GBR) London 3–4 August 2012
6 6946  Sabine Paetz (GDR) Potsdam 5–6 May 1984
7 6942  Ghada Shouaa (SYR) Götzis 25–26 May 1996
8 6935  Ramona Neubert (GDR) Moscow 18–19 June 1983
9 6889  Eunice Barber (FRA) Arles 4–5 June 2005
10 6859  Natalya Shubenkova (URS) Kiev 20–21 June 1984
11 6858  Anke Behmer (GDR) Seoul 23–24 September 1988
12 6847  Irina Belova (RUS) Barcelona 1–2 August 1992
13 6832  Lyudmila Blonska (UKR) Osaka 25–26 August 2007
14 6831  Denise Lewis (GBR) Götzis 29–30 July 2000
15 6810  Nafissatou Thiam (BEL) Rio de Janeiro 12–13 August 2016 [11]
16 6808  Brianne Theisen-Eaton (CAN) Götzis 30–31 May 2015
17 6803  Jane Frederick (USA) Talence 15–16 September 1984
18 6778  Nataliya Dobrynska (UKR) Barcelona 30–31 July 2010
19 6765  Yelena Prokhorova (RUS) Tula 22–23 July 2000
20 6750  Ma Miaolan (CHN) Beijing 11–12 September 1993
21 6741  Heike Drechsler (GER) Talence 10–11 September 1994
22 6735  Hyleas Fountain (USA) Des Moines 25–26 June 2010
23 6703  Tatyana Blokhina (RUS) Talence 10–11 September 1993
24 6702  Chantal Beaugeant (FRA) Götzis 18–19 June 1988
25 6695  Jane Flemming (AUS) Auckland 27–28 January 1990

Notes

The following athletes have had their performances (inside 6702) annulled due to doping offense:

Time Athlete Nation Date Location Ref
6880 Tatyana Chernova  Russia 29–30 August 2011 Daegu [12]

Below is a list of all other scores equal or superior to 6875 points.

Men

World record holder Ashton Eaton competing at the 2012 IAAF World Indoor Championships
Rank Score Athlete Venue Date
1 6645  Ashton Eaton (USA) Istanbul 2012-03-10
2 6476  Dan O'Brien (USA) Toronto 1993-03-14
3 6438  Roman Šebrle (CZE) Budapest 2004-03-07
4 6424  Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) Ghent 2000-02-26
5 6418  Christian Plaziat (FRA) Genoa 1992-02-29
6 6415  Sebastian Chmara (POL) Valencia 1998-03-01
7 6412  Lev Lobodin (RUS) Moscow 2003-02-08
8 6374  Erki Nool (EST) Maebashi 1999-03-07
9 6372  Eelco Sintnicolaas (NED) Gothenburg 2013-03-03
10 6371  Bryan Clay (USA) Valencia 2008-03-09

Medalists

Women's Olympic medalists

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1984 Los Angeles
  Glynis Nunn (AUS)  Jackie Joyner (USA)  Sabine Everts (FRG)
1988 Seoul
  Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA)  Sabine John (GDR)  Anke Behmer (GDR)
1992 Barcelona
  Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA)  Irina Belova (EUN)  Sabine Braun (GER)
1996 Atlanta
  Ghada Shouaa (SYR)  Natallia Sazanovich (BLR)  Denise Lewis (GBR)
2000 Sydney
  Denise Lewis (GBR)  Yelena Prokhorova (RUS)  Natallia Sazanovich (BLR)
2004 Athens
  Carolina Klüft (SWE)  Austra Skujytė (LTU)  Kelly Sotherton (GBR)
2008 Beijing
  Nataliya Dobrynska (UKR)  Hyleas Fountain (USA)  Tatyana Chernova (RUS)
2012 London
  Jessica Ennis (GBR)  Lilli Schwarzkopf (GER)  Austra Skujytė (LTU)
2016 Rio
  Nafissatou Thiam (BEL)  Jessica Ennis-Hill (GBR)  Brianne Theisen-Eaton (CAN)

Women's World Championships medalists

Games Gold Silver Bronze
1983 Helsinki
  Ramona Gohler-Neubert (GDR)  Sabine Mobius-Paetz (GDR)  Anke Vater (GDR)
1987 Rome
  Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA)  Larisa Nikitina (URS)  Jane Frederick (USA)
1991 Tokyo
  Sabine Braun (GER)  Liliana Năstase (ROU)  Irina Belova (URS)
1993 Stuttgart
  Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA)  Sabine Braun (GER)  Svetlana Buraga (BLR)
1995 Gothenburg
  Ghada Shouaa (SYR)  Svetlana Moskalets (RUS)  Rita Ináncsi (HUN)
1997 Athens
  Sabine Braun (GER)  Denise Lewis (GBR)  Remigija Nazarovienė (LTU)
1999 Seville
  Eunice Barber (FRA)  Denise Lewis (GBR)  Ghada Shouaa (SYR)
2001 Edmonton
  Yelena Prokhorova (RUS)  Natallia Sazanovich (BLR)  Shelia Burrell (USA)
2003 Saint-Denis
  Carolina Klüft (SWE)  Eunice Barber (FRA)  Natallia Sazanovich (BLR)
2005 Helsinki
  Carolina Klüft (SWE)  Eunice Barber (FRA)  Margaret Simpson (GHA)
2007 Osaka
  Carolina Klüft (SWE)  Lyudmila Blonska (UKR)  Kelly Sotherton (GBR)
2009 Berlin
  Jessica Ennis (GBR)  Jennifer Oeser (GER)  Kamila Chudzik (POL)
2011 Daegu
  Jessica Ennis (GBR)  Jennifer Oeser (GER)  Karolina Tyminska (POL)
2013 Moscow
  Hanna Melnychenko (UKR)  Brianne Theisen-Eaton (CAN)  Dafne Schippers (NED)
2015 Beijing
  Jessica Ennis-Hill (GBR)  Brianne Theisen-Eaton (CAN)  Laura Ikauniece-Admidiņa (LAT)

Men's World Indoor Championships medalists

Bryan Clay celebrating his 2010 world title win in Doha
Games Gold Silver Bronze
1995 Barcelona
  Christian Plaziat (FRA)  Tomáš Dvořák (CZE)  Henrik Dagård (SWE)
1997 Paris
  Robert Změlík (CZE)  Erki Nool (EST)  Jón Magnússon (ISL)
1999 Maebashi
  Sebastian Chmara (POL)  Erki Nool (EST)  Roman Šebrle (CZE)
2001 Lisbon
  Roman Šebrle (CZE)  Jón Magnússon (ISL)  Lev Lobodin (RUS)
2003 Birmingham
  Tom Pappas (USA)  Lev Lobodin (RUS)  Roman Šebrle (CZE)
2004 Budapest
  Roman Šebrle (CZE)  Bryan Clay (USA)  Lev Lobodin (RUS)
2006 Moscow
  André Niklaus (GER)  Bryan Clay (USA)  Roman Šebrle (CZE)
2008 Valencia
  Bryan Clay (USA)  Andrei Krauchanka (BLR)  Dmitriy Karpov (KAZ)
2010 Doha
  Bryan Clay (USA)  Trey Hardee (USA)  Aleksey Drozdov (RUS)
2012 Istanbul
  Ashton Eaton (USA)  Oleksiy Kasyanov (UKR)  Artem Lukyanenko (RUS)
2014 Sopot
  Ashton Eaton (USA)  Andrei Krauchanka (BLR)  Thomas van der Plaetsen (BEL)
2016 Portland
  Ashton Eaton (USA)  Oleksiy Kasyanov (UKR)  Mathias Brugger (GER)

Season's bests

Jessica Ennis in the Osaka World Athletics Championships 2007 women's heptathlon

Women's heptathlon

YearScoreAthleteLocation
1980 6049  Zoya Spasovkhodskaya (URS) Pyatigorsk
1981 6788  Ramona Neubert (GDR) Kiev
1982 6845  Ramona Neubert (GDR) Halle
1983 6935  Ramona Neubert (GDR) Moscow
1984 6946  Sabine Paetz (GDR) Potsdam
1985 6718  Jackie Joyner (USA) Baton Rouge
1986 7158  Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) Houston
1987 7128  Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) Rome
1988 7291  Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) Seoul
1989 7007  Larisa Nikitina (URS) Bryansk
1990 6783  Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) Seattle
1991 6878  Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) New York City
1992 7044  Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) Barcelona
1993 6837  Jackie Joyner-Kersee (USA) Stuttgart
1994 6741  Heike Drechsler (GER) Talence
1995 6715  Ghada Shouaa (SYR) Götzis
1996 6942  Ghada Shouaa (SYR) Götzis
1997 6787  Sabine Braun (GER) Ratingen
1998 6559  Denise Lewis (GBR) Budapest
1999 6861  Eunice Barber (FRA) Seville
2000 6842  Eunice Barber (FRA) Götzis
2001 6736  Eunice Barber (FRA) Götzis
2002 6542  Carolina Klüft (SWE) Munich
2003 7001  Carolina Klüft (SWE) Saint-Denis
2004 6952  Carolina Klüft (SWE) Athens
2005 6889  Eunice Barber (FRA) Arles
2006 6740  Carolina Klüft (SWE) Gothenburg
2007 7032  Carolina Klüft (SWE) Osaka
2008 6733  Nataliya Dobrynska (UKR) Beijing
2009 6731  Jessica Ennis (GBR) Berlin
2010 6823  Jessica Ennis (GBR) Barcelona
2011 6790  Jessica Ennis (GBR) Götzis
2012 6955  Jessica Ennis (GBR) London
2013 6623  Tatyana Chernova (RUS) Kazan
2014 6682  Katarina Johnson-Thompson (GBR) Götzis
2015 6808  Brianne Theisen-Eaton (CAN) Götzis
2016 6810  Nafissatou Thiam (BEL) Rio de Janeiro

Men's indoor heptathlon

YearScoreAthleteLocation
1999 6386  Sebastian Chmara (POL) Maebashi
2000 6424  Tomáš Dvořák (CZE) Ghent
2001 6420  Roman Šebrle (CZE) Lisbon
2002 6291  Frank Busemann (GER) Tallinn
2003 6412  Lev Lobodin (RUS) Moscow
2004 6438  Roman Šebrle (CZE) Budapest
2005 6232  Roman Šebrle (CZE) Madrid
2006 6229  Aleksandr Pogorelov (RUS) Moscow
2007 6196  Roman Šebrle (CZE) Birmingham
2008 6371  Bryan Clay (USA) Valencia
2009 6362  Mikk Pahapill (EST) Turin
2010 6499  Ashton Eaton (USA) Fayetteville
2011 6568  Ashton Eaton (USA) Tallinn
2012 6645  Ashton Eaton (USA) Istanbul
2013 6372  Eelco Sintnicolaas (NED) Gothenburg
2014 6632  Ashton Eaton (USA) Sopot
2015 6353  Ilya Shkurenyov (RUS) Prague
2016 6470  Ashton Eaton (USA) Portland

National records

Women's heptathlon

Lyudmila Blonska in the Osaka World Athletics Championships 2007 women's heptathlon
Score Nation Athlete Date Place Ref
7291  United States Jackie Joyner-Kersee 1988-09-24 Seoul
7032  Sweden Carolina Klüft 2007-08-26 Osaka
7007  Russia Larisa Nikitina 1989-06-11 Bryansk
6985  Germany Sabine Braun 1992-05-31 Götzis
6955  United Kingdom Jessica Ennis 2012-08-04 London
6942  Syria Ghada Shouaa 1996-05-26 Götzis
6889  France Eunice Barber 2005-06-05 Arles
6832  Ukraine Lyudmyla Blonska 2007-08-26 Osaka
6810  Belgium Nafissatou Thiam 12–13 August 2016 Rio de Janeiro [14]
6808  Canada Brianne Theisen-Eaton 30–31 May 2015 Götzis [15]
6750  China Ma Miaolan 1993-09-12 Beijing
6695  Australia Jane Flemming 1990-01-28 Auckland
6658  Bulgaria Svetla Dimitrova 1992-05-31 Götzis
6635  Belarus Svetlana Buraga 1993-08-18 Stuttgart
6626  Netherlands Anouk Vetter 8–9 July 2016 Amsterdam [16]
6622  Latvia Laura Ikauniece-Admidiņa 28–29 May 2016 Götzis [17]
6619  Romania Liliana Nastase 1992-08-02 Barcelona
6616  Poland Małgorzata Nowak 1985-08-31 Kobe
6604  Lithuania Remigija Nazaroviene 1989-06-11 Bryansk
6573  Hungary Rita Inancsi 1994-05-29 Götzis
6527  Jamaica Diane Guthrie-Gresham 1995-06-03 Knoxville
6481  Cuba Yorgelis Rodríguez 12–13 August 2016 Rio de Janeiro [18]
6460  Czech Republic Eliška Klučinová 14–15 June 2014 Kladno [19]
6423  Ghana Margaret Simpson 2005-05-29 Götzis
6416  Sierra Leone Eunice Barber 1996-09-15 Talence
6408  Austria Ivona Dadic 8–9 July 2016 Amsterdam [20]
6404  Finland Satu Ruotsalainen 1991-08-27 Tokyo
6392  Algeria Yasmina Azzizi 1991-08-27 Tokyo
6371  Soviet Union Vera Yurchenko 1987-09-20 Lvov
6371  Barbados Akela Jones 10–11 June 2015 Eugene [21]
6278  New Zealand Joanne Henry 1992-03-01 Auckland
6270  Colombia Evelys Aguilar 25–26 June 2016 Cali [22]
6265   Switzerland Corinne Schneider 1985-06-16 Zug
6235  Greece Aryiro Strataki 2006-05-28 Götzis
6230  Portugal Naide Gomes 2005-07-17 Logroño
6226  Norway Ida Marcusen 2007-08-26 Osaka
6221  Estonia Grit Šadeiko 30 June 2013 Tallinn
6211  India Javur Jagadeeshappa Shobha 17 March 2004 New Delhi
6188  Brazil Vanessa Spinola 2–3 July 2016 São Bernardo do Campo [23]
6185  Italy Gertrud Bacher 9 May 1999 Desenzano del Garda
6153  Nigeria Uhunoma Osazuwa 24–25 June 2016 Durban [24]
6124  Puerto Rico Alysbeth Felix 25–26 June 2016 Cali [25]
6050  Saint Lucia Makeba Alcide 6–7 June 2013 Eugene [26]
6046  Slovakia Marcela Podracká 8–9 August 1994 Helsinki [27]
6031  Israel Svetlana Gnezdilov 12–13 August 2003 Tel Aviv
5962  Japan Yuki Nakata 4–5 June 2004 Tottori
5952  Burkina Faso Marthe Koala 24–25 June 2016 Durban [28]
5886 A  Paraguay Anna Camila Pirelli 25–26 June 2016 Cali [29]
5860  Spain María Peinado
Laura Ginés		 2002-07-14
2012-07-03		 Castellón
Barcelona		 [30]
5817  Cameroon Anaelle Nyabeu Djapa 24–25 May 2014 Arona [31]
5786  Mexico Jessamyn Sauceda 24–25 July 2015 Toronto [32]
5751  Benin Odile Ahouanwanou 12–13 June 2015 Kladno [33]
5622  Venezuela Thaimara Rivas 20–21 June 2003
9–10 June 2012		 Barquisimeto
[34]
5611  Croatia Lucija Cvitanović 12–13 May 2016 Orlando [35]
5545  Ireland Elizabeth Morland 28–29 May 2016 Dublin [36]
5407  Egypt Houda Mohamed Atef 15–16 September 2015 Brazzaville [37]
5400  Bermuda Shianne Smith 1–2 May 2015 Aubagne [38]
5382  Indonesia Emilia Nova 22–23 September 2016 Bogor [39]
5346  Philippines Elma Muros-Posadas 13–14 December 1998 Bangkok
5192  Papua New Guinea Adrine Monagi 26–27 May 2016 Bradenton [40]
5175  Malaysia Zaiton Othman 10–11 December 1981 Manila
5020  Peru Melissa Arana 11–12 April 2015 Asunción [41]
4844  Namibia Corlia Kruger 24–25 April 2015 Stellenbosch [42]
4817  Belize Katy Sealy 17–18 June 2016 San Salvador [43]
4464  Anguilla Dee-Anne Rogers 10–11 July 2013 Kazan
4648  Dominica Chelsea Linton 19–20 April 2014 Fort-de-France [44]
21–22 April 2015 Philadelphia
4404  Sri Lanka W.V.L. Sugandhi 25–26 July 2015 Diyagama [45]
3881  Laos Manivanh Chanthavong 11–12 June 2015 Kallang [46]
3770  Qatar Fatima Mazaher Sassani 14–15 March 2015 Muscat
3561  Kuwait Salsabeel Khaled Al-Sayyar 14–15 March 2015 Muscat
3484  Oman Heba Hamood Al-Asimi 14–15 March 2015 Muscat
3116  Turks and Caicos Islands Sanadia Forbes 4–5 April 2015 Basseterre
2665  Gabon Karnella Anguezomo Mintsa 17–18 April 2015 Bourges

See also

Other multiple event contests include:

Notes

  1. ↑ Women's javelin was redesigned in 1999 and all records started fresh. Point allocation for Heptathlon remained the same, but the comparison is being made between the WR and Heptathlon best of the current model.

Notes and references

  1. ↑ "Heptathlon – Definition". Merriam-webster.com. 2012-08-31. Retrieved 2013-08-18.
  2. ↑ "London 2012: Jessica Ennis leads heptathlon after first day", The Guardian, 3 August 2012
  3. ↑ "IAAF Scoring Tables for Combined Events" (PDF). IAAF. April 2004. p. 15. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
  4. ↑ "Women's Heptathlon 100 Metres Hurdles Results". IAAF. August 3, 2012. Retrieved August 5, 2012.
  5. ↑ "Women's Heptathlon Shot Put Results". IAAF. August 3, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2012.
  6. ↑ Hans van Kuijen (September 16, 2012). "Van Alphen and Yosypenko prevail in Talence – IAAF Combined Events Challenge". IAAF. Retrieved September 18, 2012.
  7. ↑ Archived September 10, 2008, at the Wayback Machine.
  8. ↑ "Long Jump Results" (PDF). IAAF. March 9, 2012. Retrieved March 9, 2012.
  9. ↑ Krajewski, Casey (February 22, 2013). "Drouin Jumps to World Record in Heptathlon". Indiana Daily Student. Retrieved February 22, 2013.
  10. ↑ Heptathlon – women – senior – outdoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-25.
  11. ↑ "Women's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 13 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
  12. ↑ Sean Ingle (29 November 2016). "Jessica Ennis-Hill set to be awarded 2011 gold after Chernova is stripped of world title". The Guardian. Retrieved 1 December 2016.
  13. ↑ Heptathlon – men – senior – indoor. IAAF. Retrieved on 2014-01-25.
  14. ↑ "Women's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 13 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
  15. ↑ Diego Sampaolo (31 May 2015). "Kazmirek and Theisen Eaton triumph in Gotzis". IAAF. Retrieved 1 June 2015.
  16. ↑ "Women's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). European Athletics. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  17. ↑ "Heptathlon Results". IAAF. 29 May 2016. Retrieved 30 May 2016.
  18. ↑ "Women's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). Rio 2016 official website. 13 August 2016. Retrieved 14 August 2016.
  19. ↑ Michal Osoba (15 June 2014). "Special K day! Kasyanov and Klucinova triumph in Kladno – IAAF Combined Events Challenge". IAAF. Retrieved 16 June 2014.
  20. ↑ "Women's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). European Athletics. 9 July 2016. Retrieved 10 July 2016.
  21. ↑ "Heptathlon Results". ncaa.com. 11 June 2015. Retrieved 13 June 2015.
  22. ↑ "Gran Prix Internacional "Valle Oro Puro" – Hetpathlon Results" (PDF). FECODATLE. 26 June 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  23. ↑ Eduardo Biscayart (3 July 2016). "Murer soars over South American record of 4.87m at Brazilian Championships". IAAF. Retrieved 3 July 2016.
  24. ↑ Wesley Botton (25 June 2016). "Aprot takes African 10,000m title". IAAF. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  25. ↑ "Gran Prix Internacional "Valle Oro Puro" – Hetpathlon Results" (PDF). FECODATLE. 26 June 2016. Retrieved 30 June 2016.
  26. ↑ "Heptathlon Results". www.flashresults.com. 7 June 2013. Retrieved 12 June 2013.
  27. ↑ "Slovak athletic records" (PDF). www.atletikasvk.sk.
  28. ↑ Wesley Botton (25 June 2016). "Aprot takes African 10,000m title". IAAF. Retrieved 26 June 2016.
  29. ↑ "Gran Prix Internacional "Valle Oro Puro" – Heptathlon Results" (PDF). FECODATLE. 26 June 2016. Retrieved 31 August 2016.
  30. ↑ "AIRE LIBRE – Récords de España Absolutos – MUJERES". May 4, 2013. Retrieved May 4, 2013.
  31. ↑ "Heptathlon Results". www.atletismocanario.es. 25 May 2014. Retrieved 26 May 2014.
  32. ↑ "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). results.toronto2015.org. 25 July 2015. Retrieved 26 July 2015.
  33. ↑ "Decathlon Results" (PDF). desetiboj-kladno.cz. 13 June 2015. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  34. ↑ Gómez Chirinos, Ricardo (June 4, 2010). "Milangela Rosales rompió record nacional en los 10 mil metros marcha.." (in Spanish). www.feveatletismo.org. Retrieved July 17, 2010.
  35. ↑ "The American Championships 2016 Results". tilastopaja.org. 13 May 2016. Retrieved 21 May 2016.
  36. ↑ Cathal Dennehy (30 May 2016). "Teen smashes heptathlon record to secure spot at world champs". independent.ie. Retrieved 14 October 2016.
  37. ↑ "Women's Heptathlon Results" (PDF). brazzaville2015.microplustiming.com. 16 September 2015. Retrieved 16 September 2015.
  38. ↑ Stephen Wright (5 May 2015). "Smith off to a flyer". royalgazette.com. Retrieved 30 April 2016.
  39. ↑ "Bogor (Indonesia), 22-28.9.2016 -National Games-". trackinsun.blogspot.de. 1 October 2016. Retrieved 15 November 2016.
  40. ↑ "Monagi Sets new Heptathlon Record". foxsportspulse.com. 7 June 2016. Retrieved 20 June 2016.
  41. ↑ "En el GP de Combinadas de Asuncion, Paraguay Melissa Arana (PER) batió el Récord de Heptatlon con 5.020 puntos" (in Spanish). FDPA. April 2015. Retrieved 14 June 2015.
  42. ↑ "Simbine, Palframan, Mokoka, Mzazi, Cumming, Engelbrecht sparkle as Chabangu sets SA Junior record-USSA championship". africanathletics.org. 27 April 2015. Retrieved 23 April 2016.
  43. ↑ "2016 Central American Championships in Athletics Results" (PDF). CADICA. 19 June 2016. Retrieved 5 November 2016.
  44. ↑ "Heptathlon Result" (PDF). www.carifta2014.fr. 20 April 2014. Retrieved 27 November 2014.
  45. ↑ Anjana Kaluarachchi (27 July 2015). "Aravinda, Dulakshi impress in 400m hurdles". ceylontoday.lk. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
  46. ↑ "Heptathlon Results" (PDF). seagames2015.com. 12 June 2015. Retrieved 17 June 2015.

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