María Rostworowski

María Rostworowski
Born María Rostworowski Tovar
(1915-08-08)8 August 1915
Barranco, Lima, Peru
Died 6 March 2016(2016-03-06) (aged 100)
Lima, Peru
Occupation Historian
Spouse(s) Count Zygmunt Broel-Plater (divorced); 1 child
Alejandro Diez-Canseco Coronel-Zegarra
Children Krystyna Rita Juana María
Parent(s) Jan Jacek Rostworowski and Rita Tovar del Valle

María Rostworowski Tovar de Diez Canseco (8 August 1915 – 6 March 2016) was a Peruvian historian known for her extensive and detailed publications about Peruvian Ancient Cultures and the Inca Empire.

Biography

Rostworowski was born in the Barranco district of Lima, Peru. Her father was Jan Jacek Rostworowski, a Polish aristocrat, and her mother, Rita Tovar del Valle, was from Puno. Her grandfather, Agustín Tovar Aguilar, was president of the Senate and her uncle, Karol Hubert Rostworowski, was a playwright. She studied at various boarding schools in Poland, Belgium, France and England, where she learned French, English, and Polish. She was a student of the Peruvian historian Raúl Porras Barrenechea at the National University of San Marcos.[1] She participated in the Popular Action political party, a Peruvian political party, during the party's inception.

Rostworowski married Count Zygmunt Broel-Plater, a member of the Polish nobility. His father was Count Edward Cezar Marian Broel-Plater and his mother was Countess Janina Tyszkiewicz-Łohojska. Rostworowski and Count Broel-Plater had one daughter, Cristina Broel-Plater Rostworowski, but later the couple divorced. She later remarried the businessman Alejandro Diez-Canseco Coronel-Zegarra, who was the son of Manuel Diez-Canseco, and relative of the Counts of Alastaya.[1] Diez-Canseco, who would later become the General Departmental Secretary of the Popular Action political party, played a great role in fostering Rostworowski's historical interests. After the sudden death of her husband in March 1961, she moved to the leper colony of San Pablo, directed by the German Maxime Kuczynski-Godard, to work as a missionary. It took her one-day to navigate through the Amazon river to arrive in the leper colony. The first government of Fernando Belaúnde Terry designated her as cultural assistant in the Peruvian embassy in Spain.

Rostworowski was a student of the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos. At the university, two of her teachers were Raúl Porras Barrenechea, who introduced her to historiographical proceedings and to the analysis of historical sources, and the North American anthropologist John Murra, who motivated her to begin studying ethnic history. She also had contact with other teachers, such as Julio C. Tello, Luis Valcárcel, and Luis Jaime Cisneros during her time at the university. Accociated with the Instituto de Estudios Peruanos from its beginning, María Rostworowski edited numerous publications under the institute's auspices. One of the publications that she edited is called Historia del Tahuantinsuyo, the highest-selling social science journal in all of Peruvian history.

Rostworowski's contributions to historiography, especially Peruvian history, are numerous. In her first book, Pachacútec inca Yupanqui (1953), she highlights the importance of the Incan government to the construction of the Tahuantinsuyo. She also made important and acclaimed investigations into the field of precolumbian societies on the Peruvian coast, a topic which was not widely studied until then. Other works of hers come from diverse historical topics, ranging from historical gender studies (La mujer en la época prehispánica, 1986) to precolumbian cults and their eventual Christianization (Pachacamac y el Señor de los Milagros: una trayectoria milenaria, 1992).

In 1979 she became a member of the National Academy of History (Academia Nacional de Historia), and she later became the vice president. Additionally, she was a member of the Royal Spanish Academy of History (Real Academia de la Historia) and the National Argentine Academy of History (Academia Nacional de la Historia). She belonged to the Instituto Raúl Porras Barrenechea in Lima and to the Institute of Andean Studies in Berkeley, California. The Geographic Society of Lima (La Sociedad Geográfica de Lima) accepted her as an honorary member. She presided over the Peruvian Association of Ethnic History (Asociación Peruana de Etnohistoria), which was founded in Lima in 1979 by Fernando Silva Santisteban. In order to continue her research projects, she received the support of the Wenner-Gren foundation, Ford, the Guggenheim foundation, Volkswagen, Fomciencias, and Concytec.

She was also the director of the National History Museum (Museo Nacional de Historia) from 1975-1980. In 1969, she worked for the newspaper Correo, which at that time was directed by Roberto Ramírez del Villar. From 1973 to 1974, she worked as a researcher in the Peruvian Culture Museum (Museo de la Cultura Peruana). In 1983, she wrote what she considered her most important work: Estructuras andinas del poder: ideología religiosa y política.

Rostworowski served as vice-president of The National Academy of History (Academia Nacional de Historia), as director of National Museum of History from 1975 to 1980, and was a principal resident scholar at the Institute of Peruvian Studies (IEP) in Lima.[2] She turned 100 in August 2015.[3]

Death

María Rostworowski died on Sunday 6 March 2016, aged 100, between 3:30 and 3:38 in the afternoon.[4]

Books

See also

References

  1. 1 2 "María de los Andes", interview by Nelson Manrique, at Cyberayllu, 1988; accessed 6 March 2016.
  2. ↑ "Silencio, la maestra ha muerto: María Rostworowski nos dejó", lamula.pe, 6 March 2016; accessed 6 March 2016.
  3. ↑ "Maria Rostworowski: sus 100 años y su vida dedicada a investigar la historia del Perú". La República (in Spanish). 8 August 2015. Retrieved 10 August 2015.
  4. ↑ http://elcomercio.pe/luces/libros/fallecio-maria-rostworowski-destacada-historiadora-peruana-noticia-1884348
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