Luis Alberto Monge
| Luis Alberto Monge | |
|---|---|
.jpg) | |
| President of Costa Rica | |
|
In office 8 May 1982 – 8 May 1986 | |
| Vice President | Alberto Fait Lizano, Armando Aráuz Aguilar |
| Preceded by | Rodrigo Carazo Odio |
| Succeeded by | Óscar Arias |
| Personal details | |
| Born |
Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez December 29, 1925 Palmares, Alajuela, Costa Rica |
| Died |
November 29, 2016 (aged 90) San José, Costa Rica |
| Political party | National Liberation Party |
| Spouse(s) |
Flora Rojas Alvarez (1946–1960; divorce) Doris Yankelewitz Berger (1965–1988; divorce) |
Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez (December 29, 1925 – November 29, 2016) was the President of Costa Rica from 1982 to 1986. He also served as Costa Rica's first Ambassador to Israel from 1963 to 1966.[1]
Biography
Early and personal life
He was born on December 29, 1925, in Palmares, Alajuela Province, to Gerardo Monge Quesada and Elisa Álvarez Vargas.[1]
Monge married his first wife, Flora Rojas Alvarez, on March 9, 1946, but the marriage was dissolved in January 1960.[1] He met his second wife, Doris Yankelewitz Berger, while both were attending a luncheon at the University of Costa Rica.[1] At the time, Yankelewitz was a college student while Monge was serving as Ambassador to Israel.[1] Monge and Yankelewitz married at a ceremony in San José on November 25, 1965.[1] They had one daughter, Lena.[1]
Monge and Yankelewitz later separated at the end of his presidency in 1986.[1] The couple divorced in June 1988.[1]
Career
Before becoming President in 1982, he served as Costa Rica's first ambassador to Israel from 1963 to 1966, was one of the founding members of the National Liberation Party (PLN) in 1951. He was also named a deputy in the Legislative Assembly, at age 24, making him one of the youngest to reach such rank.
Monge inherited an impoverished and distraught nation. The biggest issues his presidency dealt with were: the unmanageable economic crisis, the mounting foreign debt and the Sandinista-Contra crisis involving Nicaragua, the United States and Costa Rica's northern border region.
In dealing with the country's economic situation, he began austere programs on public spending, eliminated many government subsidies to various activities and promoted exports and receptive tourism. He eliminated export and production taxes. Monge also reformed monetary law, and forced all foreign currencies to go through the national bank system. A lot of his efforts paid off, reducing inflation and unemployment. During Monge's term, Costa Rica proclaims an alignment with all "western democracies" and begins to work closely to the governments of Honduras, El Salvador and Guatemala, while its relationship with Nicaragua continued to deteriorate.
By then, the United States was involved in suppressing further socialist revolts in the region and saw Costa Rica as a stable ally in which to base their operations against Nicaragua's Sandinista government. The U.S. imposed a commercial embargo against Nicaragua, facilitating the deepening of the rift between Costa Rica and its northern neighbor. Unwillingly, Costa Rica became too involved in the United States' struggle to topple the Sandinistas and in an attempt to pull away, proclaimed Costa Rica as an active, neutral nation. With Costa Rica still in the midst of a terrible economic recession, Monge opted to exchange sovereignty for economic stability: he gave in to pressure from the United States and accepted American financial assistance in exchange for allowing the CIA to set up small "unofficial" strategic outposts along the northern border.
Shortly after becoming President, Monge traveled to Israel, where, without knowing about the United Nations Security Council Resolution 478, he raised the national flag on Costa Rica's embassy building. He defined his actions as "exercising sovereignty".
Death
On November 29, 2016, Monge suffered a cardiorespiratory arrest at his home in Santa Ana. He was rushed to the San Juan de Dios hospital, where he was declared dead aged 90.[2]
References
External links
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez. |
- (Spanish) Biography on the PLN website
- (Spanish) Biography by CIDOB Foundation
| Political offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Rodrigo Carazo Odio |
President of Costa Rica 1982–1986 |
Succeeded by Óscar Arias |
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