Livelihood

A person's livelihood refers to their "means of securing the basic necessities -food, water, shelter and clothing- of life". Livelihood is defined as a set of activities, involving securing water, food, fodder, medicine, shelter, clothing and the capacity to acquire above necessities working either individually or as a group by using endowments (both human and material) for meeting the requirements of the self and his/her household on a sustainable basis with dignity. The activities are usually carried out repeatedly.[1] For instance, a fisherman's livelihood depends on the availability and accessibility of fish.

The concept of Sustainable Livelihood (SL)[2][3][4][5] is an attempt to go beyond the conventional definitions and approaches to poverty eradication.

These had been found to be too narrow because they focused only on certain aspects or manifestations of poverty, such as low income, or did not consider other vital aspects of poverty such as vulnerability and social exclusion. It is now recognized that more attention must be paid to the various factors and processes which either constrain or enhance poor people’s ability to make a living in an economically, ecologically, and socially sustainable manner.

The SL concept offers a more coherent and integrated approach to poverty. The sustainable livelihoods idea was first introduced by the Brundtland Commission on Environment and Development, and the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development expanded the concept, advocating for the achievement of sustainable livelihoods as a broad goal for poverty eradication.

In 1992 Robert Chambers and Gordon Conway[6] proposed the following composite definition of a sustainable rural livelihood, which is applied most commonly at the household level: "A livelihood comprises the capabilities, assets (stores, resources, claims and access) and activities required for a means of living: a livelihood is sustainable which can cope with and recover from stress and shocks, maintain or enhance its capabilities and assets, and provide sustainable livelihood opportunities for the next generation; and which contributes net benefits to other livelihoods at the local and global levels and in the short and long term."[7]people are getting poor due to inflation.

In social sciences

In social sciences, the concept of livelihood extends to include social and cultural means, i.e. "the command an individual, family, or other social group has over an income and/or bundles of resources that can be used or exchanged to satisfy its needs. This may involve information, cultural knowledge, social networks and legal rights as well as tools, land and other physical resources."[8]

The concept of livelihood is used in the fields such as political ecology in research that focuses on sustainability and human rights.

See also

Organisations who have Contributed to Livelihoods

Few Contributors to Livelihood Literature and practice

References

  1. ↑ Oxford Dictionary of English. Oxford University Press, 2010. Oxford Reference Online. Oxford University Press. Malmo hogskola. 31 January 2011
  2. ↑ http://www.forestry.umn.edu/prod/groups/cfans/@pub/@cfans/@forestry/documents/asset/cfans_asset_202603.pdf
  3. ↑ http://www.ntd.co.uk/idsbookshop/details.asp?id=419
  4. ↑ http://graduateinstitute.ch/files/live/sites/iheid/files/sites/developpement/shared/developpement/mdev/soutienauxcours0809/Gironde%20Pauvrete/Sustainable%20Rural%20Livelihhods%20-%20Scoones.pdf
  5. ↑ http://www.sarpn.org/documents/d0001493/P1833-Sustainable-rural-livelihoods_IDS-paper72.pdf
  6. ↑ http://opendocs.ids.ac.uk/opendocs/bitstream/handle/123456789/775/Dp296.pdf
  7. ↑ http://www.humanecologyreview.org/pastissues/her131/knutsson.pdf
  8. ↑ Blaikie P., Cannon T., Davis I., Wisner B. At Risk: Natural Hazards, People’s Vulnerability, and Disasters. New York, NY: Routledge, 2004,
  9. ↑ DFID
  10. ↑ "Ian Scoones". www.ids.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  11. ↑ http://www.skat.ch/publications/prarticle.2005-09-29.5069774463/prarticle.2005-09-29.1875579521/skatpublication.2005-11-22.4965887530/file
  12. ↑ "In Search of Sustainable Livelihood Systems - SAGE Publications Inc". www.sagepub.com. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  13. ↑ "In Search of Sustainable Livelihood Systems - SAGE Publications Inc". www.sagepub.com. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  14. ↑ "Premchander, Smita - SAGE Publications Inc". www.sagepub.com. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  15. ↑ http://www.clp-bangladesh.org/pdf/clp_social_development_review_04nov2010.pdf
  16. ↑ http://www.clp-bangladesh.org/pdf/social%20development%20review%20-%20final%20report.pdf
  17. ↑ http://www.nadel.ethz.ch/forschung/flyer_rls.pdf
  18. ↑ "Commission for Research Partnerships with Developing Countries" (PDF). www.kfpe.ch. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  19. ↑ "Ruralfinance.org - Min økonomi blogg". Ruralfinance.org. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  20. ↑ http://www.isec.ac.in/gkkaranth.htm
  21. ↑ "G K Karanth - Publications". www.researchgate.net. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  22. ↑ http://www.isec.ac.in/ramaswamy.htm
  23. ↑ The Threshing Floor Disappears: Rural Livelihood System in Transition. Institute for Social and Economic Change. 2003-01-01.
  24. ↑ http://www.odi.org.uk/sites/odi.org.uk/files/odi-assets/publications-opinion-files/2881.pdf
  25. ↑ Ellis, Frank (2000-06-29). Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries. OUP Oxford. ISBN 9780198296966.
  26. ↑ "Rural Livelihoods and Diversity in Developing Countries". Goodreads. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  27. ↑ http://r4d.dfid.gov.uk/PDF/Outputs/Livelihoodsresearch/Ladder-wp17.pdf
  28. ↑ "Professor Frank Ellis - UEA". www.uea.ac.uk. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  29. ↑ http://www.fao.org/es/esw/lsp/cd/img/docs/lspwp9.pdf
  30. ↑ Ellis, Frank (2000-05-01). "The Determinants of Rural Livelihood Diversification in Developing Countries". Journal of Agricultural Economics. 51 (2): 289–302. doi:10.1111/j.1477-9552.2000.tb01229.x. ISSN 1477-9552.
  31. ↑ http://ced.org.in/docs/kics/UNIID/title-workshop.pdf
  32. ↑ http://hib.ximb.ac.in/Hibiscus/Pub/faccvDet.php?client=ximb&facid=XF262
  33. ↑ "Shambu Prasad Chebrolu - Institute of Rural Management Anand - Academia.edu". ximb.academia.edu. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  34. ↑ http://babcock.wisc.edu/node/781
  35. ↑ http://www.sakaaltimes.com/NewsDetails.aspx?NewsId=5473745245070340064&SectionId=5171561142064258099SectionName=Pune&NewsTitle=Women%20from%20self-help%20groups%20get%20BAIF%20awards
  36. ↑ http://www.baif.org.in/pdf/Girish_Sohani.pdf
  37. ↑ "Pradan - Workshop on NREGA: Beyond Wages to Sustainable Livelihoods". www.pradan.net. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  38. ↑ http://www.ddsindia.com/www/foodsec_dryland.htm
  39. ↑ Watch, National Social. "Land, Livelihoods & Food Security By K.S. Gopal". www.socialwatchindia.net. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  40. ↑ http://www.fordfoundation.org/issues/economic-fairness/expanding-livelihood-opportunities-for-poor-households/team/ajit-kanitkar
  41. ↑ Deshpande Foundation (2013-06-11), Ajit Kanitkar : DD 2013 - Keynote Panel - Tipping Point, retrieved 2016-03-24
  42. ↑ http://www.epw.in/authors/ajit-kanitkar
  43. ↑ "My schedule for Ashoka Future Forum". ashokafutureforum2013a.sched.org. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  44. ↑ Kanitkar, Ajit; Friedrich-Naumann-Stiftung (1995-01-01). Grassroots entrepreneurship: entrepreneurs and microenterprises in rural India. New Age International Publishers. ISBN 9788122407396.
  45. ↑ https://www.irma.ac.in/pdf/randp/1067_96703.pdf
  46. ↑ "Ruralfinance.org - Min økonomi blogg". Ruralfinance.org. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
  47. ↑ "Sankar Datta". SAGE. Retrieved 2016-03-24.
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