List of long tunnels by type
This page presents the same tunnels as in list of tunnels by length in separate lists according to the different tunnel types.
Rail
Main article: List of longest railway tunnels in the world
| Name | Location | Length in km (mi) | Year Completed | Line |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gotthard Base Tunnel | Switzerland (Alps) | 57.1 km (35.5 mi) | 2016 | Gotthardbahn Luzern/Zürich-Milan |
| Seikan Tunnel | Japan (Tsugaru Strait) | 53.9 (33.5) | 1988 | Kaikyo Line (Hokkaidō Shinkansen) |
| Channel Tunnel | France/United Kingdom (English Channel) | 50.5 (31.3) | 1994 | Channel Tunnel |
| Lötschberg Base Tunnel | Switzerland (Bernese Alps) | 34.5 (21.4) | 2007 | Lötschbergbahn Brig - Thun (- Bern - Basel) |
| New Guanjiao Tunnel | China (Qinghai) | 32.645 km (20.3 mi), 2 tubes | 2014 | Qinghai–Tibet Railway |
| Guadarrama Tunnel[1] | Spain (Sierra de Guadarrama) | 28.4 km (17.6 mi) | 2007 | LAV Madrid - Valladolid |
| Taihang Tunnel[2] | China (Shanxi) | 27.848 km (17.304 mi) & 27.839 km (17.298 mi), 2 tubes | 2007 | Shijiazhuang–Taiyuan High-Speed Railway |
| Hakkōda Tunnel | Japan (Hakkōda Mountains) | 26.5 km (16.5 mi) | 2010 | Tōhoku Shinkansen |
| Iwate-Ichinohe Tunnel | Japan (Ōu Mountains) | 25.8 (16.0) | 2002 | Tōhoku Shinkansen |
| Lainzer/Wienerwaldtunnel | Austria (Vienna) | 23.844 km (14.816 mi) | 2012 | West railway |
Under construction
| Name | Location | Length | Expected completion | Line |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mont d'Ambin base tunnel | France/Italy (Cottian Alps) | 57 km (35.4 mi) | 2020–2023 | Lyon Turin Ferroviaire |
| Brenner Base Tunnel | Austria/Italy (Stubai Alps) | 55 km (34.2 mi) | 2024-2025 | Brenner Railway |
| Yulhyeon Tunnel | South Korea (Gyeonggi) | 52.251 km (32.5 mi) | 2016 | Suseo High Speed Railway |
| Songshan Lake Tunnel[3] | China (Dongguan) | 38.813 km (24.1 mi) | 2016 | Dongguan–Huizhou Intercity Railway |
| Gaoligongshan Tunnel | China (Yunnan) | 34.531 km (21.5 mi) | 2016 | Dali-Ruili Railway |
| Koralm Tunnel | Austria (Koralpe) | 32.9 km (20.4 mi) | 2022 | Koralm Railway |
| Ping'an Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 28.398 km (17.6 mi) & 28.236 km (17.5 mi), 2 tubes | 2017 | Chengdu–Lanzhou Railway |
| West Qinling Tunnel | China (Gansu) | 28.236 km (17.5 mi) & 28.236 km (17.5 mi), 2 tubes | 2016 | Qinghai–Tibet Railway |
| Semmering Base Tunnel | Austria (Raxalpe) | 27.3 km (17.0 mi) | 2025 | Southern Railway |
| XRL | Hong Kong (New Territories, New Kowloon and Kowloon) | 26 km (16 mi) | 2018 | Guangzhou-Shenzhen-Hong Kong Express Rail Link Hong Kong Section (A further 4 km on the opposite side of the Hong Kong-China border.) |
| Musil Tunnel | South Korea (Wonju) | 25.1 km (15.6 mi) | 2018 | Jungang Line |
Subway
Main article: List of longest subway tunnel sections
Only continuous tunnel sections should be included, excluding branches from the longest tunnel.
Under construction
Only continuous tunnel sections should be included, at least 13 km long.
| Name | System | Stations | Length in km (mi) | Expected completion |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| City Circle Line | Copenhagen Metro | (circle route, all underground) | 15.5 (9.6 mi) | 2018 |
| L9 / L10 | Barcelona Metro | 43.7 km (27.2 mi) (incl branches) | 2016 partially | |
| Downtown MRT Line | Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) | Bukit Panjang to Expo | 44.2 (27.5 mi) | 2017 |
| Sydney Metro Northwest | Sydney Metro | Kellyville to Chatswood section | 28.5 km (17.7 mi) | 2019 |
See also List of metro systems#Metro systems under construction.
Road
| Name | Location | Length | Year | Tubes | Road | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lærdal | Norway (Lærdal - Aurland) | 24.51 km (15.2 mi) | 2000 | 1 | E16 | Longest road tunnel in the world. |
| Yamate Tunnel | Japan (Tokyo) | 18.20 km (11.3 mi) | 2007 2010 2015 |
2 | C2, Shuto Expressway | Longest in-city road tunnel in the world. |
| Zhongnanshan Tunnel | China (Shaanxi) | 18.04 km (11.2 mi) | 2007 | 2 | G65, Xi'an-Zhashui Expressway [4] | |
| Jinpingshan Tunnel [5][6] | China (Sichuan) | 17.54 km (10.9 mi) | 2011 | 2 | between sites of Jinping-I and Jinping-II Hydropower Station | 2 tubes, 17.540 km + 17.485 km |
| St. Gotthard | Switzerland (Uri - Ticino) | 16.918 km (10.5 mi) | 1980 | 1 | A2/E35 | "World's longest tunnel" 1980 - 2000 |
| Arlberg | Austria (Vorarlberg - Tyrol) | 13.972 km (8.7 mi) | 1978 | 1 | S16/E60 | "World's longest tunnel" 1979 - 1980 |
| Xishan Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 13.654 km (8.5 mi) | 2012 [7] | 2 | S56 Shanxi Taiyuan-Gujiao Expressway | Left tube：13,654m; Right tube：13,570m |
| Hongtiguan Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 13.122 km (8.2 mi) | 2013 [8] | 2 | S76 Shanxi Changzhi-Pingshun Expressway | Left tube: 13,122m, Right tube: 13,098m [9] |
| Hsuehshan | Taiwan | 12.942 km (8.0 mi) | 2006 | 2 | 5 | |
| Fréjus | France - Italy | 12.895 km (8.0 mi) | 1980 | 1 | E70 | |
| Maijishan Tunnel | China (Gansu) | 12.29 km (7.6 mi) | 2009 | 2 | G30, Baoji-Tianshui Expressway | 2 tubes, 12.290 km + 12.286 km |
| Mt. Blanc | France - Italy (Alps) | 11.611 km (7.2 mi) | 1965 | 1 | E25 | "World's longest tunnel" 1965 - 1979 |
| Gudvangen | Norway (Gudvangen - Flåm) | 11.428 km (7.1 mi) | 1991 | 1 | E16 | |
| Baojiashan Tunnel | China (Shaanxi) | 11.200 km (7.0 mi) | 2009 [10] | 2 | G65, Xi'an-Ankang Expressway | Left tube: 11,200m, Right tube: 11,195m |
| Folgefonna | Norway (Odda - Eitrheim) | 11.15 km (6.9 mi) | 2001 | 1 | 551 | |
| Kanetsu | Japan (Gunma - Niigata) | 11.055 km (6.9 mi) | 1985 1991 |
2 | Kan-Etsu Expressway | Two tubes (the older 10,926 m) |
| Toven Tunnel[11] | Norway | 10.655 km (6.6 mi) | 2014 | 1 | 78 | |
| Baotashan[12] | China (Shanxi) | 10.480 km (6.512 mi) | 2012 [13] | 2 | S66 Shanxi Hefen Expressway | Left tube: 10,192m, Right tube: 10,480m |
| Hida | Japan (Gifu) | 10.71 km (6.7 mi) | 2008 | 1 | Tokai-Hokuriku Expressway | |
| Gran Sasso d'Italia | Italy (Abruzzo) | 10.176 km (6.3 mi) | 1984 1995 |
2 | A24 | Two tubes (the newer 10,173 m) |
| Plabutsch Tunnel | Austria | 10.085 km (6.3 mi) | 1987 2004 |
2 | A9/E57 | Two tubes (the older 9,755 m, the newer 10,085 m) |
| Jondal Tunnel | Norway (Mauranger - Jondal) | 10.05 km (6.2 mi) | 2012 | 1 | 107 | |
| Nibashan Tunnel[lower-alpha 1] | China (Sichuan) | 10.007 km (6.2 mi)) | 2012 [14] | 2 | G108, Yaan-Xichang Expressway | 2 tubes, 10.007 km + 9.962 km |
| Duplex A86 | France (Rueil-Malmaison - Versailles) | 10 km (6.2 mi) | 2009/2011 | 1* | A86 | *the two two-lane directions are superimposed (hence duplex) in one tube |
| A-5 - M-30 | Madrid | 9.9 km (6.2 mi) | 2007 | 2* | A-5, M-30 | *longest underground branch: W-E direction tube (Avenida de Portugal, M-30, Bypass sur) |
| Tokyo Bay Aqua-Line | Japan (Tokyo Bay) | 9.576 km (6.0 mi) | 1997 | 2 | 409 | [lower-alpha 2]Two subsea tubes (second 9,583 m) |
| Liupanshan Tunnel | China (Ningxia) | 9.49 km (5.9 mi) | 2012 | 2 | G22 Qingdao–Lanzhou Expressway | Left tube: 9,490m, Right tube: 9,480m |
| Seelisberg | Switzerland | 9.292 km (5.8 mi) | 1980 | 2 | A2/E35 | |
| Breiðadals- og Botnsheiðar Tunnel | Iceland (Ísafjörður) | 9.12 km (5.7 mi) | 1995 | 1 | 60 | 3 branches connecting in a Y-junction inside the tunnel |
| West Qinling Tunnel[lower-alpha 3] | China (Gansu) | 9.007 km (5.6 mi)) | 2013 [15] | 2 | G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway | Left tube: 8,985m, Right tube: 9,007m |
| Shanghai Yangtse River Tunnel | China (Shanghai) | 8.95 km (5.6 mi)) | 2009 [16] | 2 | G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway | 2 tubes, 3 tracks per tube, world's widest tunnel, subaqueous |
| Karmøy | Norway | 8.9 km (5.5 mi) | 2013 | 1 | 47 | |
| Variante di Valico | Italy | 8.703 (5.4) | 2015[17] | 2 | Autostrada A1 | |
| Jinlong Tunnel[lower-alpha 4] | China (Hubei) | 8.693 km (5.4 mi) | 2008 | 2 | G50, Shanghai-Chengdu West Expressway | 2 tubes, 8.693 km + 8.599 km |
| Enasan | Japan (Japan Alps) | 8.646 km (5.4 mi) | 1975 1985 |
2 | Chūō Expressway | Older tube is 8,498 m long |
| Somport Tunnel | France - Spain (Pyrenees) | 8.608 km (5.3 mi) | 2003 | 1 | E07 | |
| Korgfjellet | Norway | 8.568 km (5.3 mi) | 2005 | 1 | E06 | |
| Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway | Singapore (Tanjong Rhu - Defu) | 8.5 km (5.3 mi) | 2007/2008 | 2 | Kallang–Paya Lebar Expressway | |
| Gleinalm Tunnel | Austria | 8.32 km (5.2 mi) | 1978 | 1 | A9/E57 | |
| Steigen | Norway | 8.079 km (5.0 mi) | 1990 | 1 | 835 | |
| Sant' Antonio Morignone | Italy | 7.96 km (4.9 mi) | 2000 | 38 | ||
| Ziyang Tunnel[lower-alpha 5] | China (Shaanxi) | 7.938 km (4.932 mi) | 2010 | 2 | G30, Ankang-Maoba Expressway | |
| Bømlafjord | Norway | 7.931 km (4.9 mi) | 2000 | 1 | E39 | [lower-alpha 2] |
| Kuocangshan Tunnel | China (Zhejiang) | 7.929 km (4.927 mi) | 2008 | 2 | Zhuji-Yongjia Expressway | 2 tubes, 7.93 km + 7.87 km |
| Rennsteig | Germany | 7.916 km (4.9 mi) | 2003 | 2 | A71 | |
| Maluanshan Tunnel | China(Guangdong) | 7.892 km (4.904 mi) | 2008 | 2 | Ping-Yan Expressway | left tube: 7886m right tube:7892m |
| Karawanken | Austria - Slovenia | 7.864 km (4.9 mi) | 1991 | 1 | E61 | |
| Jiaozhou Bay Tunnel | China (Shandong) | 7.8 km (4.8 mi) | 2011[18] | 2 | 2 tubes, 3 tracks per tube, subaqueous | |
| Eiksund | Norway | 7.765 km (4.8 mi) | 2008[lower-alpha 2] | 1 | 653 | The deepest undersea tunnel, reaching −287 metres (−942 ft) |
| Svartisen Tunnel | Norway | 7.615 km (4.7 mi) | 1987 | 1 | 17 | |
| Fangdoushan (Jinzhaishan) Tunnel | China (Chongqing) | 7.605 km (4.726 mi) | 2006 | 2 | G50, Zhongxian-Shizhu Expressway | 2 tubes, 7.605 km + 7.567 km |
| Cangling Tunnel | China (Zhejiang) | 7.605 km (4.726 mi) | 2009 | 2 | Taizhou-Jinhua Expressway | 2 tubes, 7.605 km + 7.536 km |
| Høyanger Tunnel | Norway | 7.543 km (4.7 mi) | 1982 | 1 | 55 | |
| Shimenya Tunnel | China (Hubei) | 7.524 km (4.675 mi) | 2014 | 2 | G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway | left tube: 7524m right tube:7493m |
| Vallavik | Norway | 7.51 km (4.7 mi) | 1985 | 1 | 7 | |
| Oppdølstrand Tunnel | Norway | 7.43 km (4.6 mi) | 2014 | 1 | 70 | |
| Åkrafjord | Norway | 7.4 km (4.6 mi) | 2000 | 1 | E134 | |
| Oslofjord | Norway | 7.39 km (4.6 mi) | 2000 | 1 | 23 | [lower-alpha 2] |
| Motianling Tunnel | China (Chongqing) | 7.353 km (4.569 mi) | 2008 | 2 | G42, Yichang-Chongqing Expressway | 2 tubes, 7.353 km + 7.280 km |
| Fangdoushan Tunnel | China (Chongqing) | 7.310 km (4.542 mi) | 2013 [19] | 2 | G50S Shizhu–Chongqing Expressway | left tube: 7310m right tube:7285m [20] |
| Shinkobe | Japan | 7,175 (4.5) | 1988 | |||
| Lizhuang Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 7.147 km (4.441 mi) | 2008 | 1 | Jingping Hydroelectricity Power Station Road | [21] |
| Baiyun Tunnel | China (Chongqing) | 7.12 km (4.42 mi) | 2008 | 2 | G65, | Chongqing-Changsha Expressway | 2 tubes, 7.120 km + 7.089 km[22] |
| Xuefengshan Tunnel | China (Hunan) | 6.956 km (4.322 mi) | 2006 | 2 | G60, Shaoyang-Huaihua Expressway | 2 tubes, 6.956 km + 6.946 km[23] |
| Landeck | Austria | 6.955 km (4.3 mi) | 2000 | 1 | 180 | |
| Egan Tunnel | China (Hubei-Jiangxi) | 6.948 km (4.317 mi) | 2012 | 2 | G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway | left tube: 6896m right tube:6948m[24] |
| Héðinsfjarðargöng I | Iceland | 6.91 km (4.3 mi) | 2010 | 1 | 76 | |
| Fenshuiling Tunnel | China (Hebei) | 6.891 km (4.282 mi) | 2013 | 2 | G95 Capital Ring Expressway | left tube: 6891m right tube:6798m[25] |
| Nordkapp | Norway | 6.875 km (4.3 mi) | 1999 | 1 | E69 | [lower-alpha 2] |
| Maurice Lemaire | France | 6.872 km (4.3 mi) | 1937/1976 | 1 | N59 | |
| Anyuan Tunnel | China (Gansu) | 6.868 km (4.268 mi) | 2013 [26] | 2 | G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway | left tube: 6848m right tube:6868m [27] |
| Jinggangshan Tunnel | China (Jiangxi) | 6.810 km (4.232 mi) | 2013 | 2 | S50 Jiangxi Taijing Expressway | left tube: 6810m right tube:6806m |
| Maojingba Tunnel | China (Hebei-Inner Mongolia) | 6.776 km (4.210 mi) | 2013 [28] | 2 | G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway | left tube: 6752m right tube:6776m [29] |
| Sizhouling Tunnel[lower-alpha 6] | China (Zhejiang) | 6.765 km (4.204 mi) | 2013 [30] | 2 | S33 Zhejiang Longli Expressway | left tube: 6750m right tube:6765m [31] |
| Frudal | Norway | 6.758 km (4.2 mi) | 1995 | 1 | 5 | |
| Pfänder | Austria | 6.718 km (4.2 mi) | 1980 2013 |
2 | A14/E43 | |
| Wuchiba Tunnel | China (Hubei) | 6.708 km (4.168 mi) | 2008 | 2 | Shanghai-Chengdu West Expressway | 2 tubes, 6.708 km + 6.693 km |
| Airport Link | Australia (Brisbane) | 6.7 km (4.2 mi) | 2012 | 2 | Metroad 7 (M7), Brisbane | |
| Finnøy | Norway | 6.7 km (4.2 mi) | 2009 | 1 | 519 | |
| Yangjiao Tunnel | China (Chongqing) | 6.682 km (4.152 mi) | 2008 | 2 | Wulong-Shuijiang Expressway | 2 tubes, 6.682 km + 6.656 km |
| Lüjialiang Tunnel | China (Chongqing) | 6.664 km (4.141 mi) | 2007 | 2 | G50, Zhongxian-Shizhu Expressway | 2 tubes, 6.664 km + 6.663 km |
| Karisaka Tunnel | Japan | 6.625 km (4.1 mi) | 1998 | 1 | 140 | |
| Fodnes Tunnel | Norway | 6.604 km (4.1 mi) | 1995 | 1 | 5 | |
| Western Scheldt Tunnel | The Netherlands | 6.6 km (4.1 mi) | 2003 | 2 | N61 | [lower-alpha 2] |
| San Bernardino | Switzerland | 6.596 km (4.1 mi) | 1967 | 1 | A13/E43 | |
| Innfjord | Norway | 6.594 km (4.1 mi) | 1991 | 1 | E136 | |
| Mingyueshan Tunnel | China (Chongqing - Sichuan) | 6.557 km (4.074 mi) | 2008 | 2 | Dianjiang-Lingshui County Expressway | 2 tubes, 6.557 km + 6.555 km |
| Donggongshan Tunnel | China (Fujian) | 6.5565 km (4.0740 mi) | 2012 | 2 | G1514 Ningde-Shangrao Expressway | |
| Xinglingjing Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 6.555 km (4.073 mi) | 2011 | 2 | Taiyuan-Jianxian Expressway | both tubes 6.555 km |
| Xiakou Tunnel | China (Hubei) | 6.487 km (4.031 mi) | 2012 | 2 | G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway | |
| Tauern | Austria | 6.401 km (4.0 mi) | 1975 2011 |
2 | A10/E55 | Two tubes (the newer 6,392 m) |
| Fjærland Tunnel | Norway | 6.397 km (4.0 mi) | 1986 | 1 | 5 | |
| Blanka tunnel complex | Czech Republic (Prague) | 6.382 km (4.0 mi) | 2015 | 2 | Městský Okruh | Longest city tunnel in Europe |
| Higo | Japan | 6.34 km (3.9 mi) | 1989 1999 |
2 | Kyushu Expressway | Two tubes (the newer 6,328 m) |
| Sørdals | Norway | 6.338 km (3.9 mi) | 2007 | 1 | E10 | |
| Gaoling Tunnel | China (Gansu) | 6.333 km (3.935 mi) | 2013 | 2 | G30 Lianyungang–Khorgas Expressway | left tube: 6314m right tube:6333m |
| Putaoshan Tunnel | China (Chongqing) | 6.308 km (3.920 mi) | 2009 | 2 | G65, Chongqing-Changsha Expressway | 2 tubes, 6.308 km + 6.280 km |
| Norðoyatunnilin | Faroe Islands | 6.3 km (3.9 mi) | 2006 | 1 | [lower-alpha 2] | |
| Hai Van Tunnel | Vietnam | 6.28 km (3.9 mi) | 2005 | 1 | 1A | |
| Kakuto | Japan | 6.255 km (3.9 mi) | 1995 | 2 | Kyushu Expressway | |
| Shuangfeng Tunnel | China (Zhejiang) | 6.187 km (3.844 mi) | 2008 | 2 | Zhuji-Yongjia Expressway | left tube: 6142m right tube:6187m |
| Qinling II Tunnel | China (Shaanxi) | 6.145 km (3.818 mi) | 2007 | 2 | G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway | left tube: 6125m right tube:6145m |
| Qinling I Tunnel | China (Shaanxi) | 6.144 km (3.818 mi) | 2007 | 2 | G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway | left tube: 6102m right tube:6144m |
| Dabashan Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 6.123 km (3.805 mi) | 2011 | 2 | Dazhou-Shaanxi Expressway | 6.123 km + 6.115 km |
| Zhongxing Tunnel | China (Chongqing) | 6.105 km (3.793 mi) | 2009 | 2 | Wulong-Pengshui Expressway | 6.105 km + 6.082 km |
| Xiang'an Undersea Tunnel | China (Fujian) | 6.050 km (3.8 mi) | 2010 | 2 | 2 tubes, 3 tracks per tube, subaqueous | |
| Fengshuiguan Tunnel | China (Fujian-Jiangxi) | 6.043 km (3.755 mi) | 2013 | 2 | G1514 Ningde-Shangrao Expressway | left tube: 5946.5m right tube:6043.42m |
| Tiefengshan II Tunnel | China (Chongqing) | 6.020 km (3.741 mi) | 2006 | 2 | G5012 Enshi-Guangyuan Expressway | left tube: 6010m right tube:6020m |
| Atsumi | Japan | 6.022 km (3.742 mi) | 2012 | 1 | Nihonkai-Tohoku Expressway | |
| Xinwuji Tunnel | China (Chongqing) | 6.015 km (3.738 mi) | 2013 | 2 | G50S Shizhu–Chongqing Expressway | left tube: 6010m right tube:6020m |
| Shigushan Tunnel | China (Fujian) | 6.005 km (3.731 mi) | 2012 | 2 | S30 Fujian Xiamen–Shaxian Expressway | 2 tubes, 3 tracks per tube |
| Naustdal Tunnel | Norway | 5.97 km (3.7 mi) | 1995 | 1 | 5 | |
| Øksendal Tunnel | Norway | 5.965 km (3.7 mi) | 2000 | 1 | 62 | |
| Guinza | Italy | 5.96 km (3.7 mi) | 2004 | E78 | ||
| Hakamagoshi | Japan | 5.932 km (3.7 mi) | 2000 | 1 | Tokai-Hokuriku Expressway | |
| Katschberg | Austria | 5.898 km (3.665 mi) | 1974 2008 |
2 | A10/E55 | |
| Fenghuangling Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 5.897 km (3.664 mi) | 2011 | 2 | S46 Shanxi Wubao Expressway | left tube: 5897m right tube:5773.5m |
| Fáskrúðsfjarðargöng | Iceland | 5.894 km (3.7 mi) | 2005 | 1 | 96 | |
| Byfjord | Norway | 5.875 km (3.651 mi) | 1992 | E39 | [lower-alpha 2] | |
| Tosen | Norway | 5.857 km (3.639 mi) | 1986 | 1 | 76 | |
| Strengen | Austria | 5.851 km (3.636 mi) | 2005 2006 |
2 | S16/E60 | |
| Jiangjunshi Tunnel | China (Sichuan-Gansu) | 5.805 km (3.607 mi) 5.804 km (3.606 mi) | 2012 | 2 | G75 Lanzhou–Haikou Expressway | left tube: 5804m right tube:5805m |
| Grand St. Bernard | Italy - Switzerland | 5.798 km (3.603 mi) | 1964 | 1 | E27 | "World's longest tunnel" 1964 - 1965 |
| Mala Kapela | Croatia | 5.78 km (3.59 mi) | 2005 2009 |
2 | A1 | |
| Hvalfjarðargöng | Iceland | 5.77 km (3.59 mi) | 1998 | 1 | 1 | [lower-alpha 2] |
| Kerenzerberg | Switzerland | 5.76 km (3.58 mi) | 1986 | 1 | A3 | |
| Youcheling Tunnel | China (Fujian) | 5.754 km (3.575 mi) | 2012 | 2 | G15W3 Ningbo–Dongguan Expressway | left tube: 5754m right tube:5726m |
| Atlanterhav | Norway | 5.272 km (3.276 mi) | 2009 | 1 | 64 | |
| Haukeli Tunnel | Norway | 5.682 km (3.531 mi) | 1968 | 1 | E134 | |
| Sveti Rok | Croatia | 5.682 km (3.531 mi) | 2003 2009 |
2 | A1 | |
| Marão | Portugal | 5.665 km (3.520 mi) | 2016 | 2 | A4/E82 | Longest Road Tunnel in the Iberian Peninsula[32] |
| Mengshan Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 5.655 km (3.514 mi) | 2013 | 2 | S45 Shanxi Tianli Expressway | |
| Thirrë-Kalimash Tunnel | Albania | 5.65 km (3.51 mi) | 2010 | 2 | Albania–Kosovo Highway | |
| Hitra | Norway | 5.645 km (3.508 mi) | 1994 | 1 | 714 | [lower-alpha 2] |
| Minoo | Japan | 5.620 km (3.492 mi) | 2007 | 1 | 423 | |
| Big Dig/Central Artery | United States (Boston) | 5.6 km (3.5 mi) | 2006 | 2 | Interstate 93 | |
| Meiguling Tunnel | China (Fujian) | 5.580 km (3.467 mi) | 2003 | 2 | G70, Fuzhou-Yinchuan Expressway | 5.580 km + 5.568 km |
| Hanna | Japan | 5.578 km (3.466 mi) | 1997 | 2 | Second Osaka-Nara Road | |
| Yunzhongshan Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 5.575 km (3.464 mi) | 2011 | 2 | Xinzhou-Baode County Expressway | 5.575 km + 5.565 km |
| Lajishan Tunnel | China (Qinghai) | 5.564 km (3.457 mi) | 2012 | 2 | S101 Qinghai 101 Highway | left tube: 55630m right tube:5564m |
| Mappo–Morettina Tunnel | Switzerland (Locarno) | 5.518 km (3.429 mi) | 1996 | A13 | ||
| Bosruck | Austria | 5.5 km (3.4 mi) | 1983 | A9/E57 | ||
| Qiangfengling Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 5.495 km (3.414 mi) | 2012 | 2 | G18 Rongcheng–Wuhai Expressway | 2 tubes |
| Bayuan Tunnel | China (Shaanxi) | 5.450 km (3.386 mi) | 2012 | 2 | G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway | left tube: 5445m right tube:5450m |
| Sanhuashi Tunnel | China (Shaanxi) | 5.434 km (3.377 mi), 5.431 km (3.375 mi) | 2011 | 2 | G7011 Shiyan–Tianshui Expressway | left tube: 5431m right tube:5434m |
| Kanpuzan | Japan | 5.432 km (3.375 mi) | 1999 | 1 | 194 | |
| Knappe Tunnel | Norway | 5.400 km (3.4 mi) | 2015 | 2 | 557 | |
| Jiulingshan Tunnel | China (Jiangxi) | 5.384 km (3.345 mi) | 2008 | 2 | G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway | |
| Qipanguan Tunnel | China (Shaanxi) | 5.360 km (3.331 mi) | 2008 | 2 | G5 Beijing–Kunming Expressway | |
| Futang Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 5.347 km (3.322 mi) | 2012 | 2 | S7 Sichuan Wenchuan–Maerkang Expressway | left tube: 5347m right tube:5264m |
| Daliangzi Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 5.333 km (3.314 mi) | 2008 | 1 | Lianghekou Hydroelectricity Power Station Road | |
| Guling Tunnel | China (Shaanxi) | 5.333 km (3.314 mi) | 2009 | 2 | G70 Fuzhou–Yinchuan Expressway | left tube: 5273m right tube:5333m |
| Yingxiu Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 5.325 km (3.309 mi) 5.305 km (3.296 mi) | 2012 | 2 | S9 Sichuan Wenchuan–Maerkang Expressway | left tube: 5305m right tube:5325m |
| Frøya | Norway | 5.305 km (3.296 mi) | 2000 | 1 | 714 | [lower-alpha 2] |
| Felbertauern | Austria | 5.304 km (3.296 mi) | 1967 | 1 | 108 | |
| Heggur Tunnel | Norway | 5.277 km (3.279 mi) | 1984 | 1 | ||
| Bataishan Tunnel | China (Chongqing-Sichuan) | 5.275 km (3.278 mi) | 2013 | 1 | Chengwan Express Highway | |
| Shahriston Tunnel | Tajikistan | 5.253 km (3.264 mi)[33] | 2012 | 1 | ||
| Cels | Italy | 5.245 km (3.259 mi) | 1992 | A32 | ||
| Alfonso XIII Tunnel (Vielha) | Spain | 5.24 km (3.26 mi) | 1948 | 1 | N230 | "World's longest tunnel" 1948 - 1964 |
| Yanmengguan Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 5.235 km (3.253 mi) | 2003 | 2 | G55 Erenhot-Guangzhou Expressway | left tube: 5160m right tube:5235m |
| Juan Carlos I Tunnel (New Vielha) | Spain | 5.23 km (3.25 mi) | 2007 | 1 | N230 | |
| Jiahuoyan Tunnel | China (Hubei) | 5.228 km (3.249 mi) | 2009 | 2 | G50 Shanghai–Chongqing Expressway | left tube: 5107m right tube:5228m |
| Tongluoshan Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 5.197 km (3.229 mi) | 2008 | 2 | G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway | |
| Sachseln | Switzerland | 5.191 km (3.226 mi) | 1997 | 1 | A8 | |
| Bolungarvíkurgöng | Iceland | 5.156 km (3.204 mi) | 2010 | 1 | 61 | |
| Schmitten | Austria | 5.111 km (3.176 mi) | 1996 | 1 | 311 | |
| Changshan Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 5.106 km (3.173 mi) 5.068 km (3.149 mi) | 2013 | 2 | S44 Sichuan Hanzi Expressway | left tube: 5068m right tube:5106m |
| Roppen | Austria | 5.095 km (3.166 mi) | 1990 | 1 | E60/A12 | |
| Freifjord | Norway | 5.086 km (3.160 mi) | 1992[lower-alpha 2] | 1 | 70 | |
| Fengjieliang Tunnel | China (Chongqing) | 5.085 km (3.160 mi) | 2010 | 2 | G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway | left tube: 5085m right tube:5080m |
| Caihongling Tunnel | China (Guangdong) | 5.068 km (3.149 mi) | 2007 | 1 | Shuanghe Highway | |
| Učka | Croatia | 5.062 km (3.145 mi) | 1981 | 1 | B8, D3 | |
| Flenja | Norway | 5.053 km (3.140 mi) | 1986 | 1 | E16 | |
| Anzob Tunnel | Tajikistan | 5.04 km (3.13 mi) | 2006 | 1 | ||
| Cadí | Spain | 5.026 km (3.123 mi) | 1984 | 1 | E09/16 | |
| Taoguan II Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 5.015 km (3.116 mi) | 2012 | 2 | S7 Sichuan Wenchuan–Maerkang Expressway | left tube: 5014m right tube:5015m |
| Dafengkou Tunnel | China (Chongqing) | 5.003 km (3.109 mi) | 2013 | 2 | G42 Shanghai–Chengdu Expressway | 2 tubes |
Under construction
| Name | Location | Metres (mi) | Year | Tubes | Road | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| WestConnex | Australia (Sydney) | 19.0 km (11.8 mi) | 2023 (2019 Partial Completion) | 2 | M4 East, M4 to M5 and new M5 East tunnel | |
| Bypass Stockholm[34] | Sweden (Stockholm) | 16.5 km (10.3 mi) | 2023 | 2 | E4 | |
| New Mount Zigana Tunnel[35] | Turkey (Maçka - Torul) | 14.481 km (9.0 mi) | 2020 | 2 | D.885, E97 | |
| Mount Ovit Tunnel[36] | Turkey (İkizdere - İspir) | 14.0 km (8.7 mi) | 2017 | 2 | D.925 | |
| Ryfylke tunnel | Norway | 14.3 km (8.9 mi) | 2018 | 2 | 13 | |
| Micangshan Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 13.833 km (8.6 mi) | 2018 | 2 | Bazhong-Shaanxi Expressway | left tube: 13833m right tube:13792m [37] |
| New Erlangshan Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 13.433 km (8.3 mi) | 2018 | 2 | Ya'an-Kangding Expressway | Left tube: 13,433m,Right tube: 13,381m[38] |
| Yunshan Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 11.408 km (7.1 mi) | ?? | 2 | S66 Shanxi Hefen Expressway | Left tube: 11,408m, Right tube: 11,377m |
| Zhongtiaoshan Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 9.77 km (6.07 mi) | ?? | 2 | G59 Hohhot–Beihai Expressway | |
| Lifjell Tunnel (Århus-Gvammen) | Norway | 9.5 km (5.9 mi) | 2018 | 1 | E134 | |
| Niuyanshan Tunnel | China (Fujian) | 9.2395 km (5.7 mi) | ?? | 2 | G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway | |
| Chenani-Nashri Tunnel | India | 9.200 km (5.7 mi) | 2016[39] | 1 | NH-1A | |
| NorthConnex | Australia | 9.0 km (5.6 mi) | 2019 | 2 | M1 to M2 link | |
| Kurigo Tunnel | Japan | 8.925 km (5.5 mi) | 2017 | 1 | Tohoku Central Expressway | |
| Foling Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 8.805 km (5.5 mi) | 2 | S45 Shanxi Tianli Expressway | Left tube: 8,803m, Right tube: 8,805m | |
| Zhegushan Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 8.803 km (5.5 mi) | 2 | S9 Sichuan Wenchuan-Maerkang Expressway | Left tube: 8,803m, Right tube: 8,776m | |
| Rohtang Tunnel | India | 8.8 km (5.5 mi) | 2017 | 1 | Leh–Manali Highway | |
| Lowari Tunnel | Pakistan | 8.75 (5.43) | 2017[40] | 2 | Dir-Chitral Road, N45 | |
| Micangshan Tunnel | China (Gansu) | 8.694 km (5.4 mi) | 2 | G8513 Pingliang–Wudu Expressway | left tube: 8694m right tube:8668m | |
| Huangzhushan Tunnel | China (Fujian) | 8.6596 km (5.4 mi) | 2 | G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway | ||
| La Línea | Colombia | 8.652 (5.35) | 2016 | 1 | National Route 40 | |
| Tangjialou Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 8.530 km (5.3 mi) | 2 | S66 Shanxi Hefen Expressway | ||
| Banihal Tunnel | India | 8.45 km (5.25 mi) | 2016 | 2 | Banihal-Qazigund road | |
| Dapingshan Tunnel | China (Hubei) | 8.263 km (5.1 mi) 8.242 km (5.1 mi) | 2 | S63 Hubei Hefen Expressway | left tube: 8263m right tube:8242m | |
| Huayingshan Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 8.159 km (5.1 mi) | 2 | G5515 Zhangnan Expressway | ||
| Qishan Tunnel | China (Fujian) | 8.0415 km (5.0 mi) | 2 | G1517 Puyan Expressway | ||
| Xueshanliang Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 7.957 km (4.944 mi) | ?? | 1 | Highway S303, Chuanzhusi-Huanglong Highway | |
| Balangshan Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 7.945 km (4.937 mi) | ?? | 1 | Highway S303, Chuanzhusi-Huanglong Highway | |
| Mingtangshan Tunnel | China (Anhui) | 7.548 km (4.690 mi) | 2 | S18 Anhui Yuewu Expressway | left tube: 7548m right tube:7531m | |
| Višňové Tunnel | Slovakia | 7,520 (4.6) | 2019 | 2 | D1 motorway, European route E50 | left tube: 7.503,1 m, right tube: 7.537,1 m |
| Aizigou Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 7.246 km (4.502 mi) | 2 | Kala Yangfanggou Hydroelectricity Power Station Road | left tube: 7246m right tube:7223m | |
| Que'ershan Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 7.048 km (4.379 mi) | 1 | National Highway 317 | with an elevation of above 4300m | |
| Taining Tunnel | China (Fujian) | 7.039 km (4.374 mi) | ?? | 2 | Jianning-Taining | 2 tubes, 7.039 km + 7.007 km |
| East Lake Tunnel | China (Hubei) | 7.018 km (4.361 mi) | 2 | East Lake Corridor | 3 lanes per tube, subaqueous | |
| Tongsheng Tunnel | China (Hubei) | 6.887 km (4.279 mi) | ?? | 2 | Shiyan-Fangxian Expressway | |
| Baizhishan Tunnel | China (Chongqing) | 6.710 km (4.169 mi) | 1 | Chengwan Highway | ||
| Gaoligongshan Tunnel | China (Yunnan) | 6.68 km (4.15 mi) | 2014 | 1 | Dulongjiang Highway | |
| Dazhuang Tunnel | China (Hubei) | 6.570 km (4.082 mi) | 2 | G6512 Enshi–Guangyuan Expressway | left tube: 6515m right tube:6570m | |
| Tianlongshan Tunnel | China (Fujian) | 6.551 km (4.071 mi) | 2 | G3 Beijing–Taipei Expressway | left tube: 6521m right tube:6551m | |
| Zangshan Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 6.440 km (4.002 mi) | 2 | S45 Shanxi Tianli Expressway | left tube: 6410m right tube:6440m | |
| Chang Su | South Korea | 6,430 (4.0) | ?? | |||
| Jiuyishan Tunnel | China (Hunan-Guangdong) | 6.400 km (3.977 mi) 6.395 km (3.974 mi) | 2 | G55 Erenhot-Guangzhou Expressway | left tube: 6395m right tube:6400m | |
| Haicang Undersea Tunnel | China (Fujian) | 6.335 km (3.9 mi) | 2 | 3 lanes per tube, subaqueous | ||
| Omolion-Tunnel 2[41] | Greece | 6.100 km (3.790 mi) | 2012? | 2 | A1 Motorway, European route E75 | |
| Hongkong-Macau-Zhuhai Bridge Tunnel | China (Guangdong) | 5.990 km (3.722 mi) | 2 | G94 Pearl River Delta Ring Expressway | left tube: 6010m right tube:6020m, 3 lanes per tube, subaqueous | |
| Jieling Tunnel | China (Hubei) | 5.681 km (3.530 mi) | 2 | Yichang-Badong Expressway | left tube: 5653m right tube:5681m | |
| Damiao Tunnel | China (Hebei) | 5.645 mi (9.085 km) | 2 | G45 Daqing–Guangzhou Expressway | left tube: 5635m right tube:5645m | |
| Yemaliang Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 5.512 km (3.425 mi) | 2 | Shanxi Linghe Expressway | left tube: 5512m right tube:5512m | |
| Chuyang Tunnel / Huoshaoan Tunnel | China (Hubei) | 5.5 km (3.4 mi) | 2 | Yichang-Badong Expressway | left tube: 5444m right tube:5501m | |
| Hundvåg | Norway | 5.500 km (3.4 mi) | 2018 | 2 | 13 | |
| Liulangshan Tunnel | China (Shanxi) | 5.493 km (3.413 mi) | 2 | Shuozhou Ring Expressway | left tube: 5412m right tube:5493m | |
| Eurasia Tunnel[42] | Turkey (İstanbul) | 5.4 km (3.4 mi) | 2016[43] | 1 | D.100 | |
| Nanjingli Tunnel | China (Yunnan) | 5.273 km (3.276 mi) | 2 | Ruilong Expressway | left tube: 5270m right tube:5273m | |
| Yushan Tunnel | China (Jiangxi) | 5.100 km (3.169 mi) | 2 | G6011 Shaoguan–Ganzhou Expressway | ||
| Taishi Tunnel | China (Gansu) | 5.028 km (3.124 mi) | 2 | G8513 Pingwu Expressway | left tube: 5028m right tube:4984m | |
| Tongluoshan Tunnel | China (Sichuan) | 5.024 km (3.122 mi) | 2 | G5515 Pingwu Expressway | ||
| Huayingshan Tunnel | China (Chongqing) | 5.018 km (3.118 mi) | 2 | Yuguang Expressway | left tube: 5018m right tube:5000m, 3 lanes per tube | |
| Tuen Mun-Chek Lap Kok Link | Hong Kong (Tuen Mun and Chek Lap Kok) | 5 km (3.1 mi) | 2018 | 2 |
Water tunnels
| Name | Location | Length in km (mi) | Year Completed | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Delaware Aqueduct | New York, United States | 137.0 km (85.1 mi) | 1945 | Water supply. Drilled through solid rock. |
| Päijänne Water Tunnel | Southern Finland, Finland | 120.0 km (74.6 mi) | 1982 | Water supply (16 m2 cross section). |
| Dahuofang Water Tunnel | Liaoning Province, China | 85.3 km (53.0 mi) | 2009 | Water supply (8 m in diameter[44]) |
| Orange–Fish River Tunnel | South Africa | 82.8 km (51.4 mi) | 1975 | Irrigation. (22.5 m2 cross section) |
| Bolmen Water Tunnel | Kronoberg/Scania, Sweden | 82.0 km (51.0 mi) | 1987 | Water supply, 8 m2. |
| Želivka Water Tunnel[45] | Central Bohemian Region, Czech Republic | 51.1 km (31.8 mi) | 1972 | Water supply, 5 m² |
| Arpa-Sevan Tunnel[46] | Armenia (at the time of construction USSR) |
48.3 km (30.0 mi) | 1981 | Water supply. |
| #1 Tunnel, Yellow River Diversion to Shanxi North Line | Shanxi, China | 43.7 km (27.2 mi) | 2011 | Water supply. |
| #7 Tunnel, Yellow River Diversion to Shanxi South Line | Shanxi, China | 43.5 km (27.0 mi) | 2002 | Water supply. |
| Kárahnjúkar Hydropower Plant | Eastern Region, Iceland | 39.7 km (24.7 mi) | 2003-2007 | Hydroelectric. 7.2-7.6 meters in diameter. Part of a wider complex of tunnels that are 72 kilometers in length combined |
| Quabbin Aqueduct | Massachusetts, United States | 39.6 km (24.6 mi) | 1905 | Water supply. |
| Evanger Hydropower Plant | Evanger, Norway | 34.4 km (21.4 mi) | 1977 | Hydroelectric. 30 m² |
| Evinos - Mornos Tunnel[47][48] | Aetolia-Acarnania, Greece | 29.4 km (18.3 mi) | 1992-1995 | Water supply. |
| Şanlıurfa Irrigation Tunnels | Turkey | 26.4 km (16.4 mi) | 2005 | Irrigation.[49] |
| Gilgel Gibe II Power Station headrace tunnel | Ethiopia | 26.0 km (16.2 mi) | 2005-2009 | Hydroelectric. Tunnel partially collapsed, was repaired in 2010.[50][51] |
| Tala Hydroelectricity Project headrace tunnel | Bhutan | 22.0 km (13.7 mi) | 2004[52] | Hydroelectric. 6.8 meters in diameter. |
| Vorotan-Arpa Tunnel | Armenia | 21.7 km (13.5 mi) | 2004 | Water supply. |
| Olmos Transandino Project | Peru | 20 km (12.4 mi) | 2011[53] | Water supply. |
| Tatev Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel | Armenia (at the time of construction Soviet Union) |
18.4 km (11.4 mi) | 1970 | Hydroelectric |
| Suruç Water Tunnel | Suruç, Şanlıurfa Province, Turkey | 17.2 km (10.7 mi) | 2014[54] | Irrigation. |
| Mavi Tünel (Blue Tunnel)[55] | Konya, Turkey | 17 km (10.6 mi) | 2012 | Irrigation. |
| Inguri Hydroelectric Power Station Water Tunnel | Georgia (at the time of construction Soviet Union) |
15.3 km (9.5 mi) | 1978 | Hydroelectric |
| Dangara Irrigation Tunnel[56] | Nurek, Tajikistan (at the time of construction USSR) |
14.8 km (9.2 mi) | 1987 | Irrigation. |
Note: There are buried oil and gas pipelines, up to several thousand kilometers long. See also:
Bicycle and Pedestrian
| Name | Location | Length in m (ft) | Trail |
|---|---|---|---|
| Snoqualmie Tunnel | King and Kittitas Counties, WA, United States | 4,000 m (13,123 ft) | John Wayne Pioneer Trail |
| St. Paul Pass Tunnel | Montana and Idaho, United States | 2,736 m (8,976 ft) | The Route of the Hiawatha |
| Slavošovský tunel | Košický kraj, Slovakia | 2,400 m (7,874 ft) | Slavošovce to Revúca blue Trail number 2589 |
| Sideling Hill Tunnel | Fulton County, PA, United States | 2,067 m (6,781 ft) | Abandoned Pennsylvania Turnpike |
| Combe Down Tunnel | Bath, England, United Kingdom | 1,672 m (5,486 ft) | Two Tunnels Greenway |
| Norwalk Tunnel | Elroy, Sparta, Wisconsin, United States | 1,161.3 m (3,810.0 ft) | Elroy-Sparta State Trail |
| Kennerdell Tunnel | Venango County, PA, United States | 1,021 m (3,350 ft) | Erie to Pittsburgh Trail |
| Big Savage Tunnel | Somerset County, PA, United States | 1,004.2 m (3,294.6 ft) | Great Allegheny Passage |
See also
 |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Tunnel. |
- List of long railway tunnels in China
- List of long road tunnels in China
- List of longest bridges in the world
- List of tunnels
- List of tunnels by length
- Tunnel
Notes
References
- ↑ Nicolas Janberg, Chief Editor (2014-07-22). "Guadarrama Tunnel (Segovia, 2007) | Structurae". En.structurae.de. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "Awards: China Shaanxi & Hebei - cn/76 High Speed Railway". 2007-07-06. Archived from the original on 2012-02-08.
- ↑ "莞惠城际最快明年启用 松山湖隧道长38公里_新浪东莞". Gd.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "秦岭终南山隧道建成通车_新闻中心_新浪网". News.sina.com.cn. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ Shougen Chen. "Journal of Modern Transportation: Key technologies for construction of Jinping traffic tunnel with an extremely deep overburden and a high water pressure". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ https://web.archive.org/web/20131007032906/http://www.cces.net.cn/guild/sites/tmxh/detail.asp?i=bzjlxm&id=39047. Archived from the original on October 7, 2013. Retrieved February 17, 2014. Missing or empty
|title=(help) - ↑ "太古高速公路正式通车 西山特长隧道长度为全省第一全国第二". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ "[山西]长平高速公路正式运营". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑
- ↑ "西康高速全线贯通 陕西提前两年实现市市通高速 - 新闻频道 - 西部网（陕西新闻网）WWW.CNWEST.COM". News.cnwest.com. 2009-05-28. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "Toven tunnel holing imminent - tunnelbuilder.com News". Tunnelbuilder.com. 2012-01-23. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "Wegenwiki: Baotashan Tunnel". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ "山西省交通运输厅". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ "雅西高速公路大相岭泥巴山隧道双向贯通-新闻频道-雅安北纬网". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ "武都至罐子沟高速公路今日通车 结束陇南境内无高速公路的历史". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ "上海长江隧桥通车_新浪上海_新浪网". Sh.sina.com.cn. 2009-10-16. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ http://iltirreno.gelocal.it/regione/toscana/2015/12/23/news/aperta-la-variante-di-valico-sull-a1-1.12668362?refresh_ce
- ↑ "中国最长海底隧道青岛胶州湾海底隧道通车 ——中新网". Chinanews.com. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "重庆•石柱" (in Chinese). 2013-11-15. Archived from the original on 2014-03-16.
- ↑ "方斗山特长隧道向大山腹地挺进". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ "公路隔离栅工程施工招标公告-四川招标网" (in Chinese). 2005-12-05.
- ↑ "渝湘高速最长隧道白云隧道月底贯通_新闻中心_新浪网" (in Chinese). 2008-01-11.
- ↑ Archived March 16, 2014, at the Wayback Machine.
- ↑ "赣鄂隧道快速施工的关键技术". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ "张涿高速公路张家口段顺利通车" (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2014-01-07.
- ↑ "人民网". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ "单洞全长13716米的永古高速安远隧道全线贯通". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ "武警交通部队参与建设华北最长高速公路隧道通车". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ "承（德）赤（峰）高速茅荆坝隧道全线贯通". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ "云景高速昨晚八时正式通车--新闻". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ 蓝涛 陈莹莹. "云景高速西周岭隧道贯通". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ "Abre-se o túnel do Marão, quebra-se a "barreira psicológica"" (in Portuguese). Publico newspaper. Retrieved 7 May 2016.
- ↑
- ↑ "E4 Förbifart Stockholm - Trafikverket". Trafikverket.se. 2015-09-25. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "Yeni Zigana Tüneli İnşaatı Devam Ediyor". haberler.com. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
- ↑ "Ovit Tüneli'nde son 400 metre". trthaber.com. Retrieved 2016-09-25.
- ↑ "巴陕高速米仓山特长隧道开工-四川日报网". Economy.scdaily.cn. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "雅康高速最新进展：天全二郎山隧道刷新西南最长隧道记录 - 天全杂谈 - 天全论坛 - Powered by 天全论坛". Tqol.net. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "Chenani-Nashri Tunnel (Patnitop Tunnel), India". Road Traffic Technology.
- ↑ "Lowari Tunnel project to be completed by Oct, 2017". Aaj News.
- ↑
- ↑ "Avrasya Tüneli - Avrasya Tüneli". Retrieved 30 September 2014.
- ↑ "Eurasia Tunnel Project" (PDF). Unicredit-cib.eu. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "Dahuofang Water Tunnel | The Robbins Company". Robbinstbm.com. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "Želivka tunelem do Prahy - Popis hlavních objektů štolového přivaděče". Hornictvi.info. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ http://gidrospetsproekt.ru/en/geografiya-obektov/image-map_rossija/armeniya/arpa-sevan-connecting-tunnel.html
- ↑ Remo Grandori, Manfred Jaeger, Fabrizio Antonini, Luis Vigl. "Chapter 47: Evinos-Mornos Tunnel - Greece: Construction of a 30 km long hydraulic tunnel in less than three years under the most adverse geological conditions" (PDF).
- ↑ "Evinos-Mornos Tunnel – Greece Construction of a 30 Km Long Hydraulic Tunnel in Less Than Three Years Under the Most Adverse Geological Conditions - Document Summary". Archived from the original on 2013-12-13.
The EVINOS-MORNOS tunnel project with its 30 km of length is one of the longest hydraulic tunnel in the world realised with TBM method. The adverse geological conditions, the high cover and the short construction schedule were a great challenge for the successful construction of this tunnel. The paper will describe: the criteria adopted for the tunnel design, the selection of the construction methods and equipment, the productions of the 4 TBMs adopted and the comparison of the behaviour of the different type of TBMs in the various rock conditions, including special conditions, the characteristics of the adopted in situ and precast linings, a comparison between the foreseen and actual construction schedules, the contractual implications of realising a tunnel in such a severe and complex conditions.
- ↑ "Şanlıurfa Sulama Tünelleri ve Tesisleri İnşaatı" (in Turkish). Eren İnşaatı. Retrieved 1 October 2010.
- ↑ "Collapse of headrace tunnel after grand opening". Tunnel Talk. February 2010. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
- ↑ http://nazret.com/blog/index.php/2010/12/27/ethiopia-s-gilgel-gibe-ii-hydropower-plant-resumes-operation
- ↑ "Headrace Tunnel is Completed at Tala Hydro Project - tunnelbuilder.com News". Tunnelbuilder.com. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "Olmos Trans-Andean Tunnel". The Robbins Company. 2011-12-20. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "Türkiye'nin en uzunu". Habertürk (in Turkish). 2014-03-09. Retrieved 2014-03-10.
- ↑ "Bağbaşı Barajı ve Mavi Tünel'i İnşaatı - Konya". Mavitunel.com. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
- ↑ "Р"идроспецпроект/Dangarinsky Hydrotechnical tunnel in Tajikistan". Gidrospetsproekt.ru. Retrieved 2016-02-01.
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