List of doctoral degrees in the US
The International Affairs Office of the U.S. Department of Education listed 24 frequently awarded research doctorates[1] titles accepted by the National Science Foundation (NSF) as representing degrees equivalent in research content to the Ph.D in 2008.[2] As of the 2014 Survey of Earned Doctorates this had been reduced to 18 after some were judged to be professional rather than research; most Ed.D. degrees were also considered to be professional and removed from the survey but some are still considered research degrees and it remains the second most popular research doctorate after the Ph.D. (albeit with 1.1% of awards compared to 98.1% for the Ph.D.).[3]
Research Doctorates
The Doctorate degrees requiring defense of a Dissertation, based off historic convention, listed in 2008 (noted if 2014 list removed them) are:
- Doctor of Arts (D.A.)
- Doctor of Business Administration (D.B.A.)
- Doctor of Canon Law (J.C.D./D.C.L.)
- Doctor of Church Music (D.C.M.) (not on 2014 list)
- Doctor of Design (D.Des.)
- Doctor of Education (Ed.D.) (most programs not considered research doctorates)
- Doctor of Engineering (D.Eng./D.E.Sc./D.E.S)
- Doctor of Fine Arts (D.F.A.)
- Doctor of Hebrew Letters (D.H.L.)
- Doctor of Industrial Technology (D.I.T.) (not on 2014 list)
- Doctor of Juridical Science (J.S.D./S.J.D.)
- Doctor of Music (D.M.) (not on 2014 list)
- Doctor of Musical Arts (D.M.A.)
- Doctor of Music Education (D.M.E.)
- Doctor of Modern Languages (D.M.L.)
- Doctor of Nursing Science (D.N.Sc.)
- Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.)
- Doctor of Physical Education (D.P.E.) (not on 2014 list)
- Doctor of Public Administration (D.P.A.) (not on 2014 list)
- Doctor of Sacred Theology (S.T.D.)
- Doctor of Science (D.Sc./Sc.D.)
- Doctor of Social Work (D.S.W.) (not on 2014 list)
- Doctor of Theology (D.Th.)
Professional Doctorates
In addition the US has several professional degrees in which no Dissertation work is performed (note that in the U.S. all of the following are modeled off post-baccalaureate or terminal Master's level degrees):
| Profession | Doctorate in the United States | Abbreviation | First awarded |
|---|---|---|---|
| Audiology | Doctor of Audiology | D.Au. | 1996 |
| Behavioral Health | Doctor of Behavioral Health | D.B.H. | 2010 |
| Business | Doctor of Business Administration | D.B.A. | |
| Chiropractor | Doctor of Chiropractic Medicine | D.C. | 1927 |
| Computer Science | Doctor of Computer Science | D.C.Sc. | 1965[4] |
| Counseling | Doctor of Professional Studies/Counseling | D.P.S. | 1972 |
| Dentistry | Doctor of Dental Surgery Doctor of Medical Dentistry | D.D.S. D.M.D. | 1840-50/1869 |
| Environmental Science | Doctor of Environmental Science | D.Env.Sc. | 1973 |
| Health Administration | Doctor of Health Administration | D.H.A. | 1990's |
| Health Science | Doctor of Health Science | D.H.Sc. D.H.S. | 1914 (see DPH) |
| Law | Juris Doctor Doctor of Jurisprudence | J.D. D.Jur. | 1902[5] |
| Management | Doctor of Management | D.M. | 1995 |
| Medicine | Doctor of Medicine | D.M./M.D. | 1770[6] |
| Ministry (clergy) | Doctor of Ministry Doctor of Practical Theology Doctor of Biblical Studies Doctor of Counseling Doctor of Educational Ministry | D.Min. D.P.Th. D.B.S. DCOUN. DEDMIN | |
| Music | Doctor of Musical Arts | D.Mus.A. | 1954 |
| Naturopathy | Doctor of Naturopathic Medicine | N.D. or N.M.D | >1901 |
| Nursing | Doctor of Nursing Practice Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice | D.N.P. D.N.A.P. | 2005 |
| Occupational Therapy | Doctor of Occupational Therapy | D.O.T. | 2014 |
| Optometry | Doctor of Optometry | O.D. | 1923 |
| Osteopathic medicine | Doctor of Osteopathic Medicine | D.O. | 1892 |
| Pharmacy | Doctor of Pharmacy | Pharm.D | 1950 |
| Physical Therapy | Doctor of Physical Therapy | D.P.T. | 1992 |
| Podiatry | Doctor of Podiatric Medicine | D.P.M. | 1915 |
| Psychology | Doctor of Psychology | D.Psy. | >1973 |
| Public Administration | Doctor of Public Administration | D.P.A. | |
| Public Health | Doctor of Public Health | D.P.H. | 1914 |
| Social Worker | Doctor of Social Work | D.S.W. | |
| Speech-Language Pathology | Doctor of Speech-Language Pathology | D.S.L.P. | |
| Veterinary medicine | Doctor of Veterinary Medicine | D.V.M. | >1933 |
References
- ↑ "About Educational Attainment. US Census Bureau.".
- ↑ "Structure of the U.S. Education System: Research Doctorate Degrees". US Department of Education. February 2008.
- ↑ "Technical Notes". Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities: 2014. National Science Foundation. December 2015. Retrieved 4 October 2016.
- ↑ London, Ralph L. (15 January 2013). "Who Earned First Computer Science Ph.D.?". Communications of the ACM. Retrieved 19 June 2014.
- ↑ David Perry (June 2012). "HOW DID LAWYERS BECOME "DOCTORS"? FROM THE LL.B. TO THE J.D." (PDF). New York State Bar Association Journal. New York State Bar Association.
- ↑ "History of the College of Physicians and Surgeons". Columbia University. Retrieved 7 October 2016.
King's College organized a medical faculty in 1767 and was the first institution in the North American Colonies to confer the degree of Doctor of Medicine. The first graduates in medicine from the College were Robert Tucker and Samuel Kissarn, who received the degree of Bachelor of Medicine in May 1769, and that of Doctor of Medicine in May 1770 and May 1771, respectively.
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