List of authors and works on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum
This is a selected list of authors and works listed on the Index Librorum Prohibitorum. The Index was discontinued on June 14, 1966 by Pope Paul VI.[1]
A complete list of the authors and writings present in the subsequent editions of the index are listed in J. Martinez de Bujanda, Index Librorum Prohibitorum, 1600–1966, Geneva, 2002.
The Index includes entries for single or multiple works by an author, all works by an author in a given genre or dealing with a given topic. The scope of the prohibition is defined by a Latin phrase in the Index:
- Omnia opera dramatica: all plays
- Omnes fabulae amatoriae: all novels, or romances
- Opera omnia theologica: all theological works
- Opera omnia: all works (see note below)
The Index includes entries banning all works of a particular writer. Most of these were inserted in the Index at a time when the Index itself stated that the prohibition of someone’s “opera omnia” (all his works) did not cover works whose contents did not concern religion and were not forbidden by the general rules of the Index, but this explanation was omitted in the 1929 edition, an omission that was officially interpreted in 1940 as meaning that thenceforth “opera omnia” covered all the author’s works without exception.[2]
List of authors and works in the final edition, with later additions
This is a selected list of the authors and works appearing in the final published edition of the Index in 1948, with later additions until the Index was discontinued in 1966.
Banned | Name | Works | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
16001600 | BrunoBruno, Giordano | Opera omnia | [lower-alpha 1] |
16261626, 1657, 1658, 1659, 1672 |
GrotiusGrotius, Hugo | Opera omnia theologica; De Imperio summarum potestatum circa sacra (pub. 1647); Annales et historiae de rebus belgicis (pub. 1657); +6 more |
[lower-alpha 2] |
16451645 | BrowneBrowne, Thomas | Religio medici; the religion of a physician | [lower-alpha 3] |
16491649 | HobbesHobbes, Thomas | Opera omnia | [lower-alpha 4] |
16571657, 1789 | PascalPascal, Blaise | Lettres provinciales (1657); Pensées (pub. 1670), with notes by Voltaire |
[lower-alpha 5] |
16591659 | CalvinCalvin, John | Lexicon iuridicum iuris caesarei simul et canonici | [lower-alpha 6] |
16631663 | DescartesDescartes, René | Meditations (1641); Les passions de l'âme (1649); Opera philosophica. Donec corrig.; +4 more |
[lower-alpha 7] |
16671667 | LetiLeti, Gregorio | Opera omnia | [lower-alpha 8] |
16681668 | BaconBacon, Francis | De dignitate et augmentis scientiarum libri IX. Donec corrig. | [lower-alpha 9] |
16761676 | MontaigneMontaigne, Michel de | Essays | [lower-alpha 10] |
16791679, 1690 | SpinozaSpinoza, Baruch | Tractatus Theologico-Politicus (1677); Opera posthuma |
[lower-alpha 11] |
16841684 | EriugenaEriugena, Johannes Scotus | De divisione naturae libri quinque diu desiderati | [lower-alpha 12] |
16891689, 1707, 1712 | MalebrancheMalebranche, Nicolas | Traité de la nature et de la grace (1680); Traité de morale (1684); +4 more |
[lower-alpha 13] |
16941694 | MiltonMilton, John | Literae pseudo-senatus anglicani, Cromwellii reliquorumque perduellium nomine ac iussu conscriptae (1676) | [lower-alpha 14] |
17031703 | LafontaineLa Fontaine, Jean de | Contes et Nouvelles | [lower-alpha 15] |
17171717 | MaimonidesMaimonides | 'Tractate on Idolatry from the Mishneh Torah with notes by Dionysius Vossius' | [lower-alpha 16] |
17291729 | AddisonAddison, Joseph | Remarks on Several Parts of Italy (1705; revised 1718) | [lower-alpha 17] |
17341734, 1737 | LockeLocke, John | An Essay Concerning Human Understanding (1689); The Reasonableness of Christianity, as Delivered in the Scriptures (1695) |
[lower-alpha 18] |
17381738 | SwedenborgSwedenborg, Emanuel | Principia (1734) | [lower-alpha 19] |
17421742 | BerkeleyBerkeley, George | Alciphron, or The Minute Philosopher | [lower-alpha 20] |
17431743 | DefoeDefoe, Daniel | The Political History of the Devil (1726) | [lower-alpha 21] |
17441744 | RichardsonRichardson, Samuel | Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded (1740) | [lower-alpha 22] |
17511751, 1762 | MontesquieuMontesquieu | Lettres Persanes (1721); De l'esprit des lois (1748) |
[lower-alpha 23] |
17521752, 1753, 1757, 1761, 1762, 1765, 1766, 1768, 1769, 1771, 1773, 1776, 1779 |
VoltaireVoltaire | Candide (1759); Traité sur la tolérance (1763); Lettres philosophiques (1733; revised 1778); +38 more |
[lower-alpha 24] |
17581758, 1804 | DiderotDiderot, Denis | Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (1751–72); Jacques le fataliste et son maître (pub. 1796) |
[lower-alpha 25] |
17581758 | d'Alembertd'Alembert, Jean le Rond | Encyclopédie, ou dictionnaire raisonné des sciences, des arts et des métiers (1751–72) | [lower-alpha 26] |
17591759, 1774 | HelvetiusHelvétius, Claude Adrien | De l'Esprit (1758); De l'homme, de ses facultés intellectuelles et de son éducation |
[lower-alpha 27] |
17611761 | HumeHume, David | Opera omnia | [lower-alpha 28] |
17621762, 1766, 1806, | RousseauRousseau, Jean-Jacques | Émile, ou de l'éducation (1762); Du contrat social (1762); Julie, ou la nouvelle Héloïse (1761) |
[lower-alpha 29] |
17641764 | KollárKollár, Adam František | De originibus et usu perpetuo potestatis legislatoriae circa sacra apostolicorum regum Ungariae (1764) | [lower-alpha 30] |
17661766 | BeccariaBeccaria, Cesare | Dei Delitti e delle pene (1764) | [lower-alpha 31] |
17831783 | GibbonGibbon, Edward | Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (1776–1788) | [lower-alpha 32] |
18151815, 1840, 1859, 1863, 1866, 1896 |
MicheletMichelet, Jules | 6 titles | [lower-alpha 33] |
18171817 | DarwinDarwin, Erasmus | Zoonomia; or The Laws of Organic Life (1794) | [lower-alpha 34] |
18191819 | SterneSterne, Laurence | A Sentimental Journey Through France and Italy (1768) | [lower-alpha 35] |
18271827 | CondorcetCondorcet, Nicholas de | Sketch for a Historical Picture of the Progress of the Human Mind (1794) | [lower-alpha 36] |
18271827 | KantKant, Immanuel | Critique of Pure Reason (1781; revised 1787) | [lower-alpha 37] |
18281828 | StendhalStendhal | Omnes fabulae amatoriae | [lower-alpha 38] |
18341834, 1837, 1838, 1841, 1843, 1846, |
LamennaisLamennais, Hugues Felicité Robert de | 7 works | [lower-alpha 39] |
18341834 | CasanovaCasanova, Giacomo | Mémoires | [lower-alpha 40] |
18351835 | BenthamBentham, Jeremy | Deontology, or The science of morality (1834); +3 more |
[lower-alpha 41] |
18361836 | HeineHeine, Heinrich | Reisebilder; De l'Allemagne; De la France |
[lower-alpha 42] |
18401840 | SandSand, George | Omnes fabulae amatoriae | [lower-alpha 43] |
18411841 | BalzacBalzac, Honoré de | Omnes fabulae amatoriae | [lower-alpha 44] |
18491849 | GiobertiGioberti, Vincenzo | Opera omnia | [lower-alpha 45] |
18521852 | ProudhonProudhon, Pierre-Joseph | Opera omnia | [lower-alpha 46] |
18561856 | MillMill, John Stuart | Principles of Political Economy (1848) | [lower-alpha 47] |
18591859, 1860, 1863, 1866, 1869, 1877, 1881, 1882, 1884, 1891, 1892, |
RenanRenan, Ernest | 19 titles | [lower-alpha 48] |
18631863, 1880 | Dumas2Dumas, Alexandre (fils) | Omnes fabulae amatoriae; La question du divorce |
[lower-alpha 49] |
18631863 | DumasDumas, Alexandre (père) | Omnes fabulae amatoriae | [lower-alpha 50] |
18641864 | ComteComte, Auguste | Cours de philosophie positive | [lower-alpha 51] |
18641864 | FlaubertFlaubert, Gustave | Madame Bovary (1856); Salammbô (1862) |
[lower-alpha 52] |
18731873 | LarousseLarousse, Pierre | Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle (1866–76) | [lower-alpha 53] |
18761876 | DraperDraper, John William | History of the Conflict between Religion and Science (1874) | [lower-alpha 54] |
18941894 | ZolaZola, Émile | Opera omnia | [lower-alpha 55] |
19111911, 1928, 1935, 1939 |
DannunzioD'Annunzio, Gabriele | Omnia opera dramatica; Omnes fabulae amatoriae; +3 more |
[lower-alpha 56] |
19141914 | BergsonBergson, Henri | Essai sur les données immédiates de la conscience; Matière et mémoire; essai sur la relation du corps à l'esprit; L'évolution créatrice |
[lower-alpha 57] |
19141914 | MaeterlinckMaeterlinck, Maurice | Opera omnia | [lower-alpha 58] |
19221922 | FranceFrance, Anatole | Opera omnia | [lower-alpha 59] |
19311931 | Van de Veldevan de Velde, Theodoor Hendrik | Het volkomen huwelijk (1926) | [lower-alpha 60] |
19481948 | SartreSartre, Jean-Paul | Opera omnia | [lower-alpha 61] |
19521952 | GideGide, André | Opera omnia | [lower-alpha 62] |
19521952 | MoraviaMoravia, Alberto | Opera omnia | [lower-alpha 63] |
19531953 | KazantzakisKazantzakis, Nikos | The Last Temptation of Christ (1955) | [lower-alpha 64] |
19561956 | De Beauvoirde Beauvoir, Simone | The Second Sex (1949); The Mandarins (1954) |
[lower-alpha 65] |
Reversals and non-inclusions
There have been cases of reversal with respect to works that were on the Index, such as those of Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo Galilei: "The Inquisition's ban on reprinting Galileo's works was lifted in 1718 when permission was granted to publish an edition of his works (excluding the condemned Dialogue) in Florence. In 1741 Pope Benedict XIV authorized the publication of an edition of Galileo's complete scientific works which included a mildly censored version of the Dialogue. In 1758 the general prohibition against works advocating heliocentrism was removed from the Index of prohibited books, although the specific ban on uncensored versions of the Dialogue and Copernicus's De Revolutionibus remained. All traces of official opposition to heliocentrism by the church disappeared in 1835 when these works were finally dropped from the Index."
Not on the Index were Aristophanes, Juvenal, John Cleland, James Joyce and D. H. Lawrence. According to Wallace et al., this was because the primary criterion for banning the work was anticlericalism, blasphemy and heresy.
Some authors whose views are generally unacceptable to the Church (e.g. Karl Marx or Adolf Hitler) were never put on the Index; nor was Charles Darwin (see Evolution and the Roman Catholic Church).[3][4]
Works that were included in the Index, and later removed, include:
Banned | Name | Works | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|
1585 | Dante Alighieri | De Monarchia (1312–13)? | |
1616 to 1835 | Nicolaus Copernicus | De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (1543) | |
to 1835 | Johannes Kepler | Astronomia nova (1609); Harmonices Mundi (1619); Epitome Astronomiae Copernicanae (1617–21) |
|
Sade | Justine (1791); Juliette (1797–1801) |
||
Madame de Staël | Corinne, ou l'Italie (1807) | ||
until 1959 | Victor Hugo | Notre Dame de Paris (1831); Les Misérables (1862) |
|
- Libri Carolini, supposedly by Charlemagne
- Rabelais[5]
- Allan Kardec (The Spirits Book)
Beacon results
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Bruno
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Grotius
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Browne
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Hobbes
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Pascal
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Calvin
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Descartes
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Leti
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Bacon
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Montaigne
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Spinoza
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Eriugena
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Malebranche
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Milton
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Lafontaine
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Maimonides
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Addison
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Locke
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Swedenborg
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Berkeley
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Defoe
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Richardson
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Montesquieu
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Voltaire
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Diderot
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for d'Alembert
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Helvetius
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Hume
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Rousseau
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Kollár
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Beccaria
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Gibbon
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Michelet
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Darwin
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Sterne
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Condorcet
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Kant
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Stendhal
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Lamennais
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Casanova
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Bentham
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Heine
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Sand
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Balzac
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Gioberti
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Proudhon
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for John Stuart Mill
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Renan
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Dumas
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Dumas
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Comte
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Flaubert
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Larousse
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Draper
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Zola
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Dannunzio
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Bergson
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Maeterlinck
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for France
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Van de Velde
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Sartre
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Gide
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Moravia
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for Kazantzakis
- ↑ Beacon for Freedom of Expression search for De Beauvoir
References
- ↑ "Galileo and Books", Department of History and Philosophy of Science of the University of Cambridge
- ↑ Jesús Martínez de Bujanda, Index librorum prohibitorum: 1600-1966 (Droz 2002 ISBN 2-600-00818-7), p. 36
- ↑ Vatican opens up secrets of Index of Forbidden Books.
- ↑ Heneghan, Tom, "Secrets Behind The Forbidden Books", America, The National Catholic Weekly, February 7, 2005
- ↑ Halsall, Paul (May 1, 1998). "Modern History Sourcebook: Index librorum prohibitorum, 1557–1966 (Index of Prohibited Books)". Internet History Sourcebooks Project (Fordham University).
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Index Librorum Prohibitorum. |
- Searchable database of Index Librorum Prohibitorum at Beacon for Freedom of Expression
- Facsimile of the 1559 index
- The complete list of banned books in 1948
- List of famous authors in the index