List of Latter Day Saint practitioners of plural marriage
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According to a consensus of historians, many adherents in the early Latter Day Saint movement practiced plural marriage, a doctrine that states that polygyny is ordained of God. Although the largest denomination in the movement, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, officially abandoned the practice of plural marriage in 1890, a number of churches in the Mormon fundamentalist movement continue to teach and practice it. Historically, the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (now the Community of Christ), the second largest denomination in the movement, had an anti-polygamy position and denied officially that Smith had taught or practiced it, since Smith denied his involvement during his church leadership.[1][2][3][4]
Pre-succession crisis
The following notable Latter Day Saints are alleged to have practiced plural marriage prior to the 1844 succession crisis that followed the death of Joseph Smith, Jr..
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Name:
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Joseph Smith Further information: Origin of Latter Day Saint polygamy, List of Joseph Smith's wives, and Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith |
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Name:
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Hyrum Smith |
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Name:
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Brigham Young |
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Name:
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Heber C. Kimball |
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Name:
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Willard Richards |
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Name:
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William Smith |
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Name:
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Thomas Bullock |
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Name:
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Orson Pratt |
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Name:
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William Clayton |
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Name:
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Orson Hyde |
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Name:
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Parley P. Pratt |
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Name:
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Amasa Lyman |
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Name:
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John Taylor |
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Name:
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Edwin D. Woolley, Sr. |
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Name:
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Erastus Snow |
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Name:
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John D. Lee |
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Name:
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Ezra T. Benson |
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The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The following members of the LDS Church practiced plural marriage:
Presidents of the Church
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Name:
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Heber J. Grant |
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Name:
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Joseph F. Smith |
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Name:
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Lorenzo Snow |
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Name:
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John Taylor |
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Name:
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Wilford Woodruff |
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Name:
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Brigham Young |
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Members of the First Presidency and Quorum of the Twelve Apostles
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Name:
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Ezra T. Benson |
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Name:
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Abraham H. Cannon |
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Name:
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George Q. Cannon |
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Name:
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Albert Carrington |
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Name:
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Rudger Clawson |
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Name:
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Matthias F. Cowley |
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Name:
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Jedediah M. Grant |
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Name:
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Orson Hyde |
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Name:
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Heber C. Kimball |
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Name:
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Amasa Lyman |
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Name:
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Francis M. Lyman |
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Name:
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Richard R. Lyman |
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Name:
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Marriner W. Merrill |
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Name:
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Charles W. Nibley |
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Name:
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Orson Pratt |
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Name:
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Parley P. Pratt |
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Name:
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Charles C. Rich |
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Name:
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Franklin D. Richards |
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Name:
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Willard Richards |
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Name:
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George A. Smith |
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Name:
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John Henry Smith |
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Name:
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John W. Taylor |
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Name:
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George Teasdale |
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Name:
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Daniel H. Wells |
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Name:
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John R. Winder |
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Name:
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Abraham O. Woodruff |
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Name:
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Brigham Young Jr. |
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Name:
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John Willard Young |
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Other church general authorities
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Name:
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Titus Billings |
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Name:
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Robert T. Burton |
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Name:
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Levi W. Hancock |
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Name:
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Leonard W. Hardy |
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Name:
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George Miller |
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Name:
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John Hamilton Morgan |
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Name:
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Isaac Morley |
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Name:
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George Reynolds |
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Name:
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B. H. Roberts |
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Name:
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John Smith |
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Name:
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John Smith |
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Name:
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Zerubbabel Snow |
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Name:
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Edward Stevenson |
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Name:
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William W. Taylor |
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Name:
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John Van Cott |
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Name:
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Newel K. Whitney |
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Name:
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Joseph Young |
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Other notable members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
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Name:
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Milo Andrus |
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Name:
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Gilbert Belnap |
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Name:
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John Milton Bernhisel |
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Name:
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Hugh Findlay |
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Name:
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William J. Flake |
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Name:
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David Fullmer |
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Name:
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John S. Fullmer |
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Name:
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Archibald Gardner |
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Name:
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Ephraim Hanks |
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Name:
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Abraham Hoagland |
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Name:
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Jacob Hamblin |
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Name:
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Charles S. Peterson |
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Name:
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Lot Smith |
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Name:
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Orson Spencer |
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Name:
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David K. Udall |
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Name:
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John Lyon |
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Other sects within the Latter Day Saint movement
Mormon fundamentalists sects
The following are notable members of the Mormon fundamentalist movement who have practiced plural marriage:
Name:
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Owen A. Allred |
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Name:
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Rulon C. Allred |
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Name:
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John Y. Barlow |
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Name:
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J. Leslie Broadbent |
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Name:
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Tom Green (polygamist) |
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Name:
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James D. Harmston |
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Name:
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Rulon Jeffs |
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Name:
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Warren Jeffs |
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Name:
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Leroy S. Johnson |
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Name:
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Alex Joseph |
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Name:
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Charles E. Kingston |
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Name:
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Paul E. Kingston |
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Name:
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Ervil LeBaron |
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Name:
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Joel LeBaron |
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Name:
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Joseph W. Musser |
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Name:
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John W. Woolley |
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Name:
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Lorin C. Woolley |
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Name:
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Charles Zitting |
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Name:
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Brian David Mitchell |
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Other Latter Day Saint sects
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Name:
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James J. Strang |
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See also
Notes
- ↑ Whitmer 1887
- ↑ Times and Seasons, Volume 5, page 474
- ↑ Times and Seasons, Volume 5, page 423
- ↑ The Latter-Day Saints' Millennial Star 4 [January 1844]: 144
- ↑ Church of Christ was the official name on April 6, 1830: Shields, Steven (1990), Divergent Paths of the Restoration (Fourth ed.), Independence, Missouri: Restoration Research, ISBN 0942284003. In 1834, the official name was changed to Church of the Latter Day Saints and then in 1838 to Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints: "Minutes of a Conference", Evening and Morning Star, vol. 2, no. 20, p. 160. The spelling "The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints" was adopted by the LDS Church in Utah in 1851, after Joseph Smith's death in 1844, and is today specified in Doctrine and Covenants 115:4 (LDS Church edition).
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 Smith, George D (Spring 1994), "Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 27 (1), retrieved May 5, 2007
- ↑ As believed by Todd Compton, "A Trajectory of Plurality: An Overview of Joseph Smith's Thirty-three Plural Wives", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, vol. 29, no. 2, pp. 1–38.
- ↑ "Gospel Topics: Plural Marriage in Kirtland and Nauvoo". LDS.org. 2015.
- ↑ Quinn, D. Michael (1994), The Mormon Hierarchy: Origins of Power, Salt Lake City: Signature Books
- ↑ Newell, Linda King; Avery, Valeen Tippetts (1994), Mormon Enigma: Emma Hale Smith (2d ed.), University of Illinois Press, pp. 89, 132, ISBN 0-252-06291-4
- ↑ As believed by George D. Smith (Smith, George D (Spring 1994), "Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 27 (1), retrieved May 5, 2007)
- 1 2 3 Quinn, D. Michael (1980). "The Council of Fifty and Its Members, 1844 to 1945" (PDF). BYU Studies. Provo, UT: Brigham Young University: 22–26. Retrieved October 4, 2011.
- ↑ Arrington, Leonard J. (Summer 1968). "The Search for Truth and Meaning in Mormon History". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 3 (2): 56–66. – Bullock worked in the Church Historian's Office, but was not an official "Assistant Church Historian". The first "Assistant Church Historian" was Wilford Woodruff called in 1856, after Bullock left in 1854.
- ↑ Lund, Anthon H. (1917), "Remarks § Church Historians", Eighty-eighth Semi-annual Conference of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints: Report of the Discourses, pp. 10–12
- ↑ Journal of William Clayton - excerpts online at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/3750/Clayton_intro.html
- ↑ Saints' Herald 65:1044–1045
- ↑ Smith, George D (Spring 1994), "Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 27 (1): 16, retrieved May 5, 2007
- ↑ B. H. Roberts, The Life of John Taylor (Salt Lake City, Utah: George Q. Cannon & Sons, 1897).
- ↑ Richard L. Jensen, "The John Taylor Family," Ensign, February 1980, pp. 50–51. D portals = LDS
- ↑ Salt Lake Daily Tribune, 1899-09-09, p. 1.
- ↑ B. H. Roberts, The Life of John Taylor (Salt Lake City, Utah: George Q. Cannon & Sons, 1897).
- ↑ Richard L. Jensen, "The John Taylor Family," Ensign, February 1980, pp. 50–51. D portals = LDS
- 1 2 Richard S. Van Wagoner (1989, 2d ed.). Mormon Polygamy: A History (Salt Lake City, Utah: Signature Books) p. 119
- 1 2 3 4 "Members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in the Dispensation of the Fulness of Times". Church History in the Fulness of Times Student Manual. LDS Church. 2003. p. 656. Retrieved 2014-10-12.
- ↑ Cowley resigned from the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles on October 28, 1905; however, he remained an ordained apostle of the church until his priesthood was suspended in 1911.
- ↑ Merrill, Melvin Clarence (1937), Utah Pioneer and Apostle: Marriner Wood Merrill and His Family, pp. 62–66
- ↑ Alexander, Thomas G. (1986), Mormonism in Transition, Urbana: University of Illinois Press, p. 12
- ↑ Flake, Kathleen (2004), The Politics of American Religious Identity: The Seating of Senator Reed Smoot, Mormon Apostle, Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, p. 71
- ↑ Journal of William Clayton - excerpts online at http://www.geocities.com/Athens/Delphi/3750/Clayton_intro.html
- ↑ Saints' Herald 65:1044–1045
- ↑ Smith, George D (Spring 1994), "Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report", Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, 27 (1): 16, retrieved May 5, 2007
- ↑ Taylor resigned from the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in April 1905; however, he remained an ordained apostle of the church until his excommunication in 1911.
- ↑ Jenson, Andrew (1901–1936), Latter-day Saints Biographical Encyclopedia, 1, Salt Lake City, Utah: Deseret Book and A. Jenson Historical Co, p. 121
- 1 2 Compton, "John Willard Young", p. 124.
- ↑ Grampa Bill's G.A. Pages: Robert T. Burton
- ↑ Joseph Smith Papers, Minute Book #2, p. 6
- ↑ Orton, Chad M. (2006). "The Martin Handcart Company at the Sweetwater: Another Look". BYU Studies. 45 (3): 13.
- ↑ "The Settlements of Morgan County". Morgan County Utah Historical Society. . Accessed 23 April 2007.
- ↑ Morris Q. Kunz, Reminiscences on Priesthood, 21
- ↑ LSJ Sermons 1:61
- ↑ The True & Living Church of Jesus Christ of Saints of the Last Days
- ↑ Rulon Jeffs. Biography of Rulon Jeffs located at www.fldstruth.org (official FLDS website)
- ↑ Wade Goodwyn, Howard Berkes and Amy Walters, "Warren Jeffs and the FLDS Church", NPR, 2005-05-03.
- ↑ NPR report on Warren Jeffs and the FLDS Church - Last accessed Sept 07, 2007
- ↑ Mormon Leader Is Survived by 33 Sons and a Void (New York Times)
- ↑ Whitehurst, Lindsay (9 August 2011), "Warren Jeffs gets life in prison for sex with underage girls", Salt Lake Tribune
- ↑ Winslow, B. (2007, November 22). Jeffs is now an inmate at Utah State Prison. Deseret Morning News. Retrieved 29 November 2007 from http://deseretnews.com/article/1,5143,695229917,00.html
- ↑ "Utah Supreme Court reverses Warren Jeffs conviction - ABC 4.com - Salt Lake City, Utah News". ABC 4.com. Retrieved 2010-07-28.
- ↑ Whitehurst, Lindsay (August 11, 2011). "Warren Jeffs gets life in prison for sex with underage girls". Salt Lake Tribune. Retrieved September 4, 2011.
- ↑ Hales, Brian C. "J. Leslie Broadbent". mormonfundamentalism.com. Retrieved 18 March 2014.
- ↑ http://www.mormonfundamentalism.com/Photos/LeroyJohnson.htm
- ↑ Brandon Burt, "Utah's Gay Mayor", Salt Lake Metro : article contains background information on Joseph, his adoption of Libertarianism, and the founding of Big Water, Utah
- ↑ http://www.mormonfundamentalism.com/ChartLinks/CharlesEldenKingston.htm
- ↑ Utah Attorney General’s Office and Arizona Attorney General’s Office. The Primer, Helping Victims of Domestic Violence and Child Abuse in Polygamous Communities. Updated June 2006. Page 23.
- ↑ D. Michael Quinn, "Plural Marriage and Mormon Fundamentalism," in Martin E. Marty and R. Scott Appleby, eds., Fundamentalisms and Society: Reclaiming the Sciences, Education, and the Family, Vol. 2 of the Fundamentalism Project of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993), 244.
- ↑ (August 12, 1847). Voree Herald as quoted in Fitzpatrick, pp. 74–5. See also Apostle John E. Page at this same source, on his conversations with Strang on the subject.
References
- Brian C. Hales (2006). Modern Polygamy and Mormon Fundamentalists : The Generations after the Manifesto (Salt Lake City, Utah: Greg Kofford Books)
- Andrew Jenson, Latter-day Saint Biographical Encyclopedia.
- Smith, George D (Spring 1994). "Nauvoo Roots of Mormon Polygamy, 1841-46: A Preliminary Demographic Report". Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought. 27 (1). Retrieved 2007-05-12..
- D. Michael Quinn, "Plural Marriage and Mormon Fundamentalisms," Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought, vol. 31, no. 2, Summer 1998
- Whitmer, David (1887). "An Address to All Believers in Christ". Richmond, Missouri. Retrieved 2006-12-30.