List of German exonyms for places in Croatia
This is a list of German exonyms for toponyms in Croatia. Part of Croatia was governed by Austria-Hungary, and some Hungarian exonyms became common in German, and may be used interchangeably with the German exonym for a period. These Hungarian names are noted below. Also, parts of Croatia ruled by Austria-Hungary were formerly governed by Italy, and Italian names also migrated to German usage. These are also noted.
Islands - Rivers - Regions - Cities and towns
Cities and towns
During the Empire of Austria period, they were located in the Dalmatia Province (12 Bezirkshauptmannschaften, hereafter coded D,1 to D,13), the Croatia-Slavonia Province with the Military Border District (in Hungary after the compromise of 1867, and a part of the Coastal Province (Austrian Littoral, coded L,0 to L,10).[1]
Former Austrian Littoral
Current Croatia[2] includes territory from the following 7 Bezirkshauptmannschaften that existed in 1900 in Cisleithania Austrian Littoral, from which the list could be checked and completed (observing however that Italian names were officially used in this province):
- Rovigno Rovinj L,0 (Autonomous Town)
- Capodistria Koper L,1 (split with Slovenia)
- Lussin Mali Lošinj L,4
- Parenzo Poreč L,5
- Pisino (Mitterburg) Pazin L,6
- Pola Pula L,7
- Volosca Volosko L,1O
Former Dalmatia province
Current Croatia includes territory from the following 12 Bezirkshauptmannschaften that existed in 1900 in Cisleithania (Dalmatia), from which the list could be checked and completed (observing however the Italian or Croatian names officially used in this province):
- Benkovac D,1
- Curzola Korčula Island D,3
- Imotski D,4
- Knin D,5
- Lesina Hvar D,6
- Makarska D,7
- Metković D,8
- Ragusa Dubrovnik D,9
- Sebenico Šibenik D,10
- Zengg Senj D,11
- Spalato Split-Dalmatia County D,12
- Zara Zadar D,13
Cities and towns in Croatian Istria
B
C
- Cholm - Hum
G
H
- Humag - Umag (Italian: Umago) L,5
K
- Krisingan - Grožnjan
- Krbune 45°14'9 North, 14°3'47east Istria, Croatia
L
- Lauran - Lovran (Italian: Laurana) (Lovrana) L,10
M
- Mahrenfels - Lupoglav (Lupoglava) L,1
- Mitterburg - Pazin (Italian: Pisino) L,6
- Moschkanitz - Mošćenica (Italian: Moschenizze) L,10
N
- Neusaß - Pazinski Novaki
- Niederburg - Stari Pazin
- Niederdorf - Dolenja Vas
- Niedergrund - Istarske Toplice
O
- Orser - Vrsar (Italian: Orsera?) L,5?
P
- Parenz - Poreč (Italian: Parenzo) L,5
- Perg - Podpićan
- Piben - Pićan
- Pinquent - Buzet
- Pitsch - Čepić
- Polei - Pula (Italian: Pola) L,7
R
S
- Sankt Peter im Wald - Sveti Petar u Šumi (Italian: San Pietro in Selve) L,6
- Sankt Domenig - Labinci
T
- Tüberg - Labin
V
- Vaniol - Boljun
Cities and towns in Slavonia
A
- Abtei - Badljevina
- Agminor - Bocanjevci
- Albertfeld - Grabovac
- Allerheiligen - Sesvete
- Altgradatz - Stari Gradac
- Altgradisch - Stara Gradiška
- Altgrägin - Stara Gradina
- Alt Topolje - Staro Topolje
- Antonifeld - Kapan
- Antunowatz - Pakrački Antunovac (Antunovac)
- Arnotz - Crnac
- Arbei - Donja Bebrina
- Asorn - Cerna
B
- Bankowzi - Bankovci
- Banodel - Šiškovci
- Bauk - Bačevac
- Bapskau - Bapska
- Bektess - Bektež
- Beresslau - Beravci
- Bersewitz - Kalinovac
- Bela - Bijela
- Blagorodowatz - Blagorodovac
- Blatz - Rajčići
- Bibalist - Koritna
- Biskupetz - Biškupci
- Borowa - Borova Suhopaljska
- Borowach - Borovik
- Brestowatz - Brestovac Daruvarski
- Brischanowatz - Brežanovci
- Bresnitz - Breznica
- Bresnitz - Breznica Đakovačka
- Bresnitz - Breznica Našička
- Brod a.d. Save and Broth - Slavonski Brod
- Bruchowitz - Špišić Bukovica
- Buchol - Buk
- Budanitza - Budanica
- Buschentz - Bušetina
C
- Chrastin - Hrastin
- Christburg - Gradište (Županja)
- Chrusowitz - Orubica
- Chuteowo - Kutjevo
- Chweimen - Jakšić
D
- Dallia - Dalj
- Darkowatz - Darkovac
- Darnotz (Hungarian: Tarnócz) - Trnava
- Darowar - Daruvar
- Deschanowatz - Dežanovac
- Deutsch Bresnitz - Našička Breznica
- Deutsch Oreschatz - Orešac
- Dioschwar - Dioš
- Drenowitz - Brodski Drenovac
- Drenowitz - Slatinski Drenovac
- Diakowar - Đakovo
- Dobrakutscha - Dobra Kuća
- Dobrowatz - Dobrovac
- Dobrowein - Zadubravlje
- Dragowitz - Dragović
- Drenowitz - Drenovci
- Dubotschatz - Dubočac
- Dubrochnitsch - Dubronić
- Dubowatz - Dubovac Okučanski
E
- Eichendorf - Hrastovac
- Engersdorf - Podravlje
- Erdung - Erdut
- Ernestinenhof - Ernestinovo
- Esseg and Essegg (Hungarian: Eszék) - Osijek
F
- Forkuschewitz - Forkuševci
G
- Gaschinzi - Gašinci
- Garzin - Garčin
- Georgshof - Brezik
- Gordwin - Krndija
- Görrach - Gorjani
- Gortzetz - Goričac
- Gothenburg - Hum
- Grabornitz - Grabovnica
- Gradatz - Beričanci
- Gross Bastei - Veliki Bastaji
- Groß Kopanitz - Velika Kopanica
- Groß Mlinska - Velika Mlinska
- Groß Pasijan - Veliki Pasijan
- Gross Wiwar - Veliko Vukovje
- Gross Zdentsch - Veliki Zdenj
- Gross Zensorgwartz - Velika Erešnjevica
H
- Heiligenfrauenwald - Podborski Batinjani
- Hergowitz - Hrkanovci Đakovački
- Hermann - Jarmina
- Herzogsthurn - Toranj
- Herzogsturn - Hercegovac
I
- Illack - Ilok
- Illau - Klokočevac Ilovski
- Iltz - Lićani
J
- Jassig - Jesenik
- Johannesdorf - Ivanovo Selo
K
- Kamengröl - Kamensko
- Kapitel - Kaptol
- Karassitz - Rakitovica
- Kawinz - Harkanovci
- Kerndia - Krndija
- Keschinzi - Kešinci
- Klein Bastei - Mali Bastaji
- Klein Pasijan - Mali Pasijan
- Klein Zensorgwartz - Mala Crešnjevica
- Klisser - Velika Klisa
- Kloster - Kloštar
- Knemiza - Knemce
- Kominetz - Kominec
- Kopreinitz - Koprivnica
- Koroch - Korog
- Koschka - Koška
- Krawitz - Kravice
- Kristolowatz - Krstolac
L
- Lapatz - Lapac
- Laskafeld - Čeminac
- Libegg - Lipik
- Lipowatz - Lipovac
- Lopina - Ljupina
- Loschan - Ložane
- Lunza - Londžica
M
- Merschowitz - Mrzović
- Miholtz - Donji Miholjac
- Monatz - Omanovac
- Moslawina - Podravska Moslavina
N
- Naschitz - Našice
- Neu Besdan - Novi Bezdan
- Neu Gradischka - Nova Gradiška
- Neuklisser - Removac
- Neuturn - Turnašica
- Nissen - Selci Đakovački
O
- Owar (Hungarian: Óvár) - Donji Grahovljani
- Oberdarowar - Gornji Daruvar
- Ober Josefsdorf - Josipovac
- Oberowar - Gornji Grahovljani
- Ostenitz - Goveđe Polje
- Ottock - Otok
P
- Packe - Paka
- Pakratz - Pakrac
- Palin - Široko Polje
- Papuck - Novo Zvečevo
- Pekern - Pakrani
- Petrowitz - Petrijevci
- Pezung - Psunj
- Pischka - Piškorevci
- Plaundia - Plavna
- Pleternitz - Pleternica
- Podgoratsch - Podgorac
- Poglack - Grubišno Polje
- Poglan - Pakračka Poljana
- Pokutschan - Okučani
- Pollana - Poljana
- Poretsch - Poreč
- Poschegg - Slavonska Požega (also Požega)
- Posgawinetz - Pasikovci
- Potgrey - Podgraje
- Proratz - Prvča
R
- Rahotscha - Orahovica
- Rietdorf - Retfala
- Rittersturn - Adžamovci
- Rogolz - Rogalji
- Rokotz (Hungarian: Rokócz) - Rokovci
S
- Sabow - Oprisavci
- Sagowia - Donji Bogićevci
- Saladnach (Hungarian: Szalátina) - Podravska Slatina
- Sankt Andreas - Andrijaševci
- Sankt Andreas - Donji Andrijevci
- Sankt Anna - Donja Vriješka
- Sankt Benedikt - Benkovac
- Sankt Benedikt - Benićanci
- Sankt Emrich - Mirkovci
- Sankt Georg - Tovarnik
- Sankt Georg - Đurići
- Sankt Georg - Đurđenovac
- Sankt Georg - Cabuna
- Sankt Georg - Jurjevac Punitovački
- Sankt Georgen - Đurđenovac
- Sankt Georgwar (Hungarian: Szentgyörgyvár) - Đurđevac
- Sankt Johann - Ivanovo Polje
- Sankt Josef - Josipovac
- Sankt Lorenz - Budrovci
- Sankt Lorenz - Opatovac
- Sankt Maria - Medari
- Sankt Maria - Marijanci
- Sankt Maria - Pivare
- Sankt Maria - Marićanci
- Sankt Maria - Bijela Stijena
- Sankt Markus - Markušica
- Sankt Martin - Čepinski Martinci
- Sankt Michael - Stari Mikanovci
- Sankt Niclas - Mikleuš
- Sankt Niclas - Ostojićeva
- Sankt Niklas - Beketinci
- Sankt Niklas - Mikluševci
- Sankt Niklas - Kapelna
- Sankt Paul - Pavlovac
- Sankt Peter - Staro Petrovo Selo
- Sarwasch - Sarvaš
- Satnitz - Satnica Đakovačka
- Schagowina - Šagovina
- Schamatz - Slavonski Šamac
- Schandrowatz - Šandrovac
- Schaupanie - Županja
- Selze - Selci Đakovački
- Selniach - Novo Selo (Daruvar)
- Simelzen - Semeljci
- Siratsch - Sirač
- Sirtsch - Cremušina
- Slatnick - Slatnik Drenjski
- Slawitz - Pivnica
- Sonnberg - Vetovo
- Sopiä - Sopje
- Spatzwa - Spačva
- Stolpnik - Brodski Stupnik
- Straschanatz - Stražanac
- Stroschinze - Strošinci
T
- Tarnian - Trnjani
- Tenne - Tenja
- Thurn - Toranj
- Tirnau - Trnava
- Tomaschanzi- Tomašanci
- Tominowatz - Tominovac
- Tschajkowzi - Čajkovci
- Tschepin - Čepin
U
- Unter-Miholtz - Donji Miholjac
- Unter Stopranitz - Koreničani
- Untere Weide - Donja Vrba
V
- Vussin - Voćin
W
- Walkowar - Vukovar
- Walpau - Valpovo
- Warasdin - Varaždin
- Wärwitz - Ferovac
- Wascha - Vaška
- Welick - Velika
- Wellenowatz - Bjelanovci
- Wellibardo - Bijelo Brdo
- Wellicha - Velika Trnovitica
- Welimirowatz - Velimirovac
- Weltschak - Vučjak Kamenečki
- Werbitz - Vrbica
- Wercke - Đulovac (Miokovićevo)
- Weretz - Virovitica
- Wetterwardein (Hungarian: Várad) - Šarengrad
- Wiessgrad - Velika Drapčevica
- Wiewar - Novigrad
- Wiewar (Hungarian: Újvár) - Malo Vukovje
- Winkowitz - Vinkovci
- Wischkowitz - Viškovci
- Wizeky - Visoka Greda
- Wochovitz - Vučkovac
- Wolfstal - Vučevci
- Worow - Borovo
Z
- Zambotel (Hungarian: Szombathely) - Potnjani
- Zaokuntsch - Končanica
- Zednig - Sotin
- Zeglack (Hungarian: Szekelyi) - Sekulinci
- Zieglenik - Ciglenik
- Ziritz - Širinci
- Zuzech - Susek
Cities and towns in Dalmatia
A
B
- Bast - Baška Voda
- Benkowatz - Benkovac
- Bernabeck - Brnaze
- Budag - Pribude
- Burgatz - Brgud
C
D
- Drewenick - Drivenik
E
- Eimot - Imotski
F
G
- Golubschitsch - Golubić
- Gurbitz - Gornje Ogorje
- Grau - Grab
- Gradatsch - Gradac
- Grakau - Kraj
- Geiger - Pakovo Selo
H
- Hotton - Oton
I
- Imotitz - Imotica
J
- Jubau - Ljubac
K
- Kaminach - Kamensko
- Klik - Kljake
- Knin - Knin
- Kullikwrate - Konjevrate
- Korisge - Korušce
- Kosorwitsch - Kosovo
- Kosel - Košuti
- Kotitschin - Kotišina
- Kraleiss - Kričke
- Kap-Zesto - Primošten
- Klein Kap-Zesto - Rogoznica
- Kastelwenier - Vinjerac
- Kudentin - Vujašinovići
- Kloster - Dubraja
L
- Lubustiach - Ljubitovica
- Laval - Ljubotić
- Laqua - Lokva
- Lach - Pljak
M
- Macharscha - Makarska
- Malkowo - Malikovo
- Mewe- Maovice
- Mosatsch - Moseč
- Martinosewitz - Sonković
- Motschnau - Unešić
N
- Nödin - Nadin
- Netschmen - Nečmen
- Neoritsch - Neorić
- Nietschewo - Ičevo
- Nurgag - Ugljane
O
P
- Paßberg - Dubrave
- Petrois - Donji Muć
- Popon - Opanci
- Patzinä - Pađene
- Palanca - Palanca
- Prokowitsch - Perković
- Plaude - Plavno
- Pölatz -Polača
- Pribodetz - Pribudić
- Pridratzn - Pridraga
- Proklan -Prokljan
- Piegar - Radovin
- Pribier -Bribir
R
- Ragus -Dubrovnik
- Rachlitz - Radinje
- Ramling - Ramljane
- Rastorz - Rastog
- Rovanpass - Ravanjska
- Razutschey - Razvode
- Rudanowatz - Rudopolje
S
- Sankt Georg in Dalmatien - Donj Tučepi
- Slimwitz - Gornja Slivnica
- Schegar - Kaštel Žegarski
- Stuhlberg - Novigrad
- Sarabitsch - Orebić
- Steingral - Mimice
- Schantpag - Pakoštane
- Slosseln - Pirovac
- Sankt Maria in Rose - Rože
- Sibennig - Šibenik
- Sgraden - Skradin
- Slinitza - Slivnica
- Smeltschitz - Smilčić
- Salonä - Solin
- Stermitz am Butzin - Strmica
- Sankt Cassian - Sukošan
- Sustin - Zelovo Sutinsko
- Schemunig - Zemunik
- Simitz - Zmijavci
- Schezewo - Zečevo
- Schellengradt - Zelengrad
T
V
- Verbnick - Vrbnik
W
- Wrulitz - Donja und Gornja Brela
- Wenowitz - Donje Vinovo
- Woziach - Medvida
- Wetteritsch - Potravlje
- Wrevilack - Privlaka ( Zara)
- Wätzan - Vačani
- Welisch - Velušic
- Wissak - Visoka
- Woditz - Vodice
- Weranien - Vrana
- Weredel - Vrdovo
- Wergoratz - Vrgorac
- Wratschipogle - Vrpolje
- Williak - Biljak
- Willigradt - Bilišane
- Wogatischen - Bogatić
Z
- Zagold - Zagvozd
- Zackon - Zaton (Selenico-Šibenik)
- Zernowitz - Žrnovica (Spalato-Split)
- Zein - Sinj
- Zamelin - Umljanović
- Zazwin - Čačvina
- Zentina - Cetina
- Zutsch - Ivoševci
- Zakuitsch - Kućice
- Zumpogg - Nos Kalik
Cities and towns in other regions of Croatia
A
- Agram - Zagreb
- Agram -Klosterowitz - Zagreb-Adamovec
- Agram -Fischerheim - Zagreb-Breštje
- Agram -St.Georg - Zagreb-Đurđekovec
- Agram -Dombrau - Zagreb-Dubrava
- Agram -Korwat - Zagreb-Horvati
- Agram -Lipnitz - Zagreb-Lipnica
- Agram -St.Markus - Zagreb-Markuševac
- Agram -Michalowitz - Zagreb-Mihaljevac
- Agram -Morautscha - Zagreb-Moravče
- Agram -Sosel - Zagreb-Podsused
- Agram -AllerheilgenZagreb-Sesvete
- Anderturn - Tar
- Arbey - Rab (Italian: Arbe)
B
C
- Chästau - Kastav
D
- Dragutsch - Draguć
- Deutschendorf - Žrmanija
F
- Fern - Permani
- Fuchsdorf - Lesešćine
G
- Gropnich - Grobnik (near Rijeka)
- Gambrowitz - Gabrovica
- Gologoritz - Gologorica
- Gutteneck - Gradinje
- Grünenburg - Grdo Selo
- Grimmelz - Grimalda
- Grobnich - Grobnik
- Grimmelzitz - Omošćice
H
- Herberstein - Veprinac
J
- Jeschenwick - Jezenovik
- Johannisberg - Sveti Ivanac
K
- Karlstadt - Karlovac
- Kreuz - Križevci
- Kartsberg - Golaz
- Kastern - Kašćerga
- Klan - Klana
- Klem - Klenovšćak
- Kastan - Kostanjca
- Korwun - Krbune
- Kreink - Kringa
- Karschichl - Kršikla
- Klainz - Klanec
L
M
N
- Neuenburg - Cittanova
- Neuenburg - Dvori
- Neuhaus - Podgrad
O
- Oberdorf - Gorenja Vas
- Ortenegl - Brtonigla
- Otschisl - Očizla
P
- Parenz - Poreč (Italian: Parenzo)
- Pemund - Završje
- Prisach - Breza
- Preßnitz - Brežnica
- Padua - Padva
- Passberg - Paz
- Podgatsch - Podgaće
- Pörzol - Oprtalj
- Podpetsch - Podpeč
- Prapotz - Praproče
- Prumentor - Premantura
- Posshart - Oslici
R
- Ragus - Dubrovnik (Italian: Ragusa)
- Ragusa Vecchia (Italian) - Cavtat
- Rasburg - Rašpor
- Rowarig - Loborika
- Rachel - Rakalj
S
- Sankt Jakobi - Opatija (Italian: Abbazia)
- Sankt Veit am Flaum - Rijeka (Italian: Fiume) (Fiume and Rijeka both mean "river")
- Sibenning - Šibenik (Italian: Sebenico)
- Sichelberg - Žumberak
- Sissek - Sisak
- Splitt [Spalato] (Italian) - Split
- Subnach - Zvoneće
- Schwing - Žminj
- Schönberg -Šumber
- Sowinach - Sovinjak
- Salis - Salež
- Sankt Laurentzen - Lovreč
- Sankt Maria am See - Kostrćane
- Sankt Peter - Raven
- Seedorf - Jezero
- Sluin - Slunj
- Strengen - Žrenj
T
- Traff - Trogir (Italian: Traù)
- Tersat - Trsat
- Tschernotitsch - Črnotiče
- Tignan - Tinjan
- Terveis - Trviž
- Tublach - Tublje
V
W
- Warut - Borut
- Woltenegg - Botonega
- Wazan - Fažana
- Wichau - Ika
- Wachsenstein - Kožljak
- Woldenstein - Račice
- Wolfsdorf - Skopljak
- Wotzisberg - Vodice
Z
Cities and towns on Croatian islands
Arbey - Rab
Augusta - Lastovo
- Augusta - Lastovo
Baag - Pag
- Baag - Pag
- Kolan - Kolan
- Navala - Novalja
- Alt Navala - Stara Novalja
- Poglin - Povljana
- Walassigy - Vlašići
Bratz - Brač
- Bratz - Brač
Ese - Iž
- Ese - Iž
Gist - Ist
- Gist - Ist
Jassur - Žirje
- Jassur - Žirje
Kersch - Cres
- Kaißol - Beli
- Kersch - Cres
- Krutz - Punta Križa
- Lubenitz - Lubenice
- Märag - Merag
- Opsor - Osor
- Poresin - Porozina
- Sankt Niklas - Filožići
Kanidol - Srakane
- Kanidol - Vele Srakane
Lissa - Vis
- Lissa - Vis
Lözing - Lošinj
- Tschigale - Čikat
- Kleinlötzing - Mali Lošinj (Klein- and Mali both mean "small"; earlier it was smaller than Veli Lošinj, but now the island's capital)
- Großlötzing - Veli Lošinj (Groß- and veli both mean "big")
Lüb - Olib
- Lüb - Olib
Maun - Maoni
- Maun - Maoni
Melade - Melat
- Melade - Melat
- Sankt Michael - Zapuntel
Melide - Mljet
- Melide - Polace
Mörter - Murter
- Techun - Tkon
Nebe - Ilovik
- Nebe - Ilovik
Pasmann - Pašman
- Pasmann - Pašman
Phar - Hvar
- Phar - Hvar
Pontadür - Vir
- Pontadür - Vir
Plaun - Plavnik
- Plaun - Plavnik
Premud - Premuda
- Premud - Permuda
Prewig - Prvić
- Prewig - Prvić
Sansig - Susak
- Sansig - Susak
Silva - Silba
- Silva - Silba
Uglan - Ugljan
- Uglan - Ugljan
Vegl - Krk
- Altweschke - Baška Stara
- Boachen - Gabonjin
- Dobrauen - Dobrinj
- Durischal - Malinska
- Krassitz - Krašica
- Moschau - Omišalj
- Sankt Anton - Anton
- Sankt Foska - Pinezići
- Sankt Maria - Glavotok
- Sankt Maria - Punat
- Sankt Niklas - Valbiska
- Sniewitz - Njivice
- Vegl - Krk
- Vörbnick - Vrbnik
- Weschke - Baška
Zuitsch - Žut
- Zuitsch - Žut
Islands
- Arbey - Rab
- Augusta - Lastovo
- Baag - Pag
- Bratz - Brač (ital. Brazza)
- Brioni Inselgruppe (Italian: Brioni) - Brijuni
- Curzola (Italian) - Korčula
- Ese - Iž
- Gist - Ist
- Jassur -Žirje
- Kanidol - Vele Srakane
- Kersch - Cres (Italian: Cherso)
- Lissa - Vis
- Lötzing - Lošinj
- Lüb - Olib
- Maoni - Maun
- Melade - Molat
- Melide - Mljet
- Mörter - Murter
- Nebe - Ilovik
- Niä - Unije
- Pasmann - Pašman
- Permud - Premuda
- Phar - Hvar
- Plaun - Plavnik
- Pontadür - Vir
- Prewig - Prvić
- Sansig - Susak (Italian: Sansigo)
- Silva - Silba
- Uglan - Ugljan
- Vegl - Krk (Italian: Veglia)
- Zuitsch - Žut
Rivers
- Donau - Dunav (English: Danube)
- Drau - Drava
- Kulpa - Kupa
- Mur - Mura
- Narenta (Italian) - Neretva
- Save (earlier also Sau) - Sava
Regions
- Branau - Baranja
- Dalmatien - Dalmacija (English: Dalmatia)
- Istrien - Istria (Croatian & Slovenian: Istra)
- Kroatien - Hrvatska (English: Croatia)
- Kroatisches Küstenland - Hrvatsko primorje (English: Croatian Littoral)
- Kvarner-Bucht - (Italian: Quarnero) - Kvarner
- Slawonien, Windischland[4] - Slavonija
- Syrmien - Srijem (English: Vukovar-Syrmia County)
- Zwischenmurgebiet - Međimurje (English: Međimurje County)
References
- ↑ Die postalischen Abstempelungen auf den österreichischen Postwertzeichen-Ausgaben 1867, 1883 und 1890, Wilhelm KLEIN, 1967
- ↑ Klein 1967 completed with own database information for the current political split.
- ↑ Klein 1967, Stadt mit eigenem Statut
- ↑ August Dimitz (2013). History of Carniola Volume Ii: From Ancient Times to the Year 1813 with Special Consideration of Cultural Development. Xlibris Corporation. p. 229. ISBN 9781483604114.