Leonid Kantorovich

Leonid Kantorovich

Leonid Kantorovich in 1975
Born (1912-01-19)19 January 1912
Saint Petersburg, Russian Empire
Died 7 April 1986(1986-04-07) (aged 74)
Moscow, Russia, USSR
Nationality Soviet
Fields Mathematics
Alma mater Leningrad State University
Doctoral advisor Grigorii Fichtenholz
Vladimir Smirnov
Known for Linear programming
Kantorovich theorem
normed vector lattice (Kantorovich space)
Kantorovich metric
Kantorovich inequality
approximation theory
iterative methods
functional analysis
numerical analysis
scientific computing
Notable awards Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel (1975)

Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich (Russian: Леони́д Вита́льевич Канторо́вич; IPA: [lʲɪɐˈnʲit vʲɪˈtalʲɪvʲɪtɕ kəntɐˈrovʲɪtɕ]) (19 January 1912 – 7 April 1986) was a Soviet mathematician and economist, known for his theory and development of techniques for the optimal allocation of resources. He is regarded as the founder of linear programming. He was the winner of the Stalin Prize in 1949 and the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economics in 1975.

Biography

Kantorovich was born on 19 January 1912, to a Russian Jewish family.[1] His father was a doctor practicing in Saint Petersburg.[2] In 1926, at the age of fourteen, he began his studies at the Leningrad University. He graduated from the Faculty of Mathematics in 1930, and began his graduate studies. In 1934, at the age of 22 years, he became a full professor.

Later, Kantorovich worked for the Soviet government. He was given the task of optimizing production in a plywood industry. He came up (1939) with the mathematical technique now known as linear programming, some years before it was advanced by George Dantzig. He authored several books including The Mathematical Method of Production Planning and Organization and The Best Uses of Economic Resources. For his work, Kantorovich was awarded the Stalin Prize in 1949.

After 1939, he became the professor of Military engineering-technical university. During the Siege of Leningrad, Kantorovich was the professor of VITU of Navy and in charge of safety on the Road of Life. He calculated the optimal distance between cars on ice, depending on thickness of ice and temperature of the air. In December 1941 and January 1942, Kantorovich personally walked between cars driving on the ice of Lake Ladoga, on the Road of Life, to ensure the cars did not sink. However, many cars with food for survivors of the siege were destroyed by the German air-bombings.

Since 1960, Kantorovich lived and worked in Novosibirsk, where he created and took charge of the Department of Calculus Mathematics in Novosibirsk State University.[3]

For his feat and courage Kantorovich was awarded the Order of the Patriotic War, and was decorated with the medal For Defense of Leningrad.

The Sveriges Riksbank Prize in Economic Sciences in Memory of Alfred Nobel, which he shared with Tjalling Koopmans, was given "for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources."

Mathematics

In mathematical analysis, Kantorovich had important results in functional analysis, approximation theory, and operator theory.

In particular, Kantorovich formulated fundamental results in the theory of normed vector lattices, which are called "K-spaces" in his honor.

Kantorovich showed that functional analysis could be used in the analysis of iterative methods, obtaining the Kantorovich inequalities on the convergence rate of the gradient method and of Newton's method (see the Kantorovich theorem).

Kantorovich considered infinite-dimensional optimization problems, such as the Kantorovich-Monge problem in transportation theory. His analysis proposed the Kantorovich metric, which is used in probability theory, in the theory of the weak convergence of probability measures.

See also

Notes

  1. ↑ The Soviet Union: empire, nation, and system, By Aron Kat︠s︡enelinboĭgen, page 406, Transaction Publishers, 1990
  2. ↑ Gass, Saul I.; Rosenhead, J. (2011). "Leonid Vital'evich Kantorovich". Profiles in Operations Research. International Series in Operations Research & Management Science. 147. p. 157. doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-6281-2_10. ISBN 978-1-4419-6280-5.
  3. ↑ Kantorovich`s biography in Russian

References

Nobel prize lecture

Further reading

External links

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