Homosexuality and Methodism

Methodist viewpoints concerning homosexuality are diverse because there is no one denomination which represents all Methodists. The World Methodist Council, which represents hundreds of Methodist denominations, has no official statements regarding sexuality. British Methodism holds a variety of views, and permits ministers to bless same-gender marriages.[1] American Methodism concentrates on the position that the same-sex relations are incompatible with "Christian teaching", but extends ministry to persons of a homosexual orientation, holding that all individuals are of sacred worth.[2][3][4] The following denominations are members of the World Methodist Council.

African Methodist Episcopal Church

The African Methodist Episcopal Church does not approve of the ordination of openly gay persons to the ranks of the clergy in the Church.[5] However, there is no official prohibition at this time against ordination. In a historic decision, which marked the first vote on the issue of marriage rights for same-sex couples by a predominantly African-American denomination, the African Methodist Episcopal Church unanimously voted to forbid ministers from blessing same-sex unions in July 2004.[5][6] The church leaders stated that homosexual activity "clearly contradicts [their] understanding of Scripture."[5] Although the AME prohibits its ministers from officiating at same-sex weddings, the AME has "chosen to offer no official policy statements on homosexuality."[7] As it has no official policy on ordination, some openly gay clergy have been ordained in the AME.[8]

Argentine Evangelical Methodist Church

The church, also called the Evangelical Methodist Church in Argentina, allows each congregation to make its own position. The church has stated that they have "given, on a national level, freedom so that each congregation accompany...these couples. We permit freedom of action in order to bless them".[9]

Church of the Nazarene

The Church of the Nazarene teaches that marriage is only defined for heterosexual couples.[10] As such, the denomination does not allow same-gender marriages.

Church of North India

The denomination, uniting different Protestants including Methodists, takes a traditional stand on human sexuality maintaining that marriage is defined heterosexually. The church opposes the criminalization of homosexuality, but also opposed the consecration of the first homosexual bishop in the Episcopal Church, the Rt. Rev. Gene Robinson.[11] In 2009, the church both opposed the supreme court's decision to criminalize homosexuality, and also opposed same-sex marriage.[12]

Church of South India

The Church of South India (CSI) is a united church representing Anglicans, Methodists, and Presbyterians. The CSI "is a relatively liberal Protestant church which has, since 1984, allowed women to become pastors. 'CSI has been liberal on these issues. It has taken up issues of gender, dalits and landlessness. It has to address the issue of sexual minorities too"'.[13] In 2009, the Rev. Christopher Rajkumar, speaking for the CSI, supported civil rights for gay people.[14] In 2015, St. Mark's Cathedral in Bangalore hosted an event challenging homophobia where the Rev. Vincent Rajkumar affirmed his support for LGBT rights.[15] The BBC has listed the CSI as being among the churches open to blessing same-gender couples.[16]

Evangelical Methodist Church

The Evangelical Methodist Church maintains that the biblical record condemns homosexuality as evidenced in Leviticus 18:22, Romans 1:26-27, and 1 Corinthians 6:9-19.[17] It teaches that homosexual practices are "sin leading to spiritual death and eternal punishment.[17] Nevertheless, homosexuality is no greater a sin than adultery, murder, stealing, among others.[17] As a result, practicing homosexuals are barred from becoming members of the Evangelical Methodist Church. Moreover, practicing homosexuals are prohibited from becoming candidates for ordained ministry.[17] The Church upholds that all individuals are entitled to certain rights and protection of the civil law; nevertheless, it opposes all civil legislation that supports homosexuality as a normal life style.[17] All homosexuals who seek faith in Jesus Christ as Saviour and Lord, and cease to practice homosexual acts are welcomed into the fellowship of the Evangelical Methodist Church.[17]

Free Methodist Church

As stated in the Book of Discipline (A/342) of the Free Methodist Church, it believes and teaches that

“ Homosexual behavior, as all sexual deviation, is a perversion of God's created order (Genesis 1-3). The sanctity of marriage and the family is to be preserved against all manner of immoral conduct (Exodus 22:16-17; Deuteronomy 22:23-28; Leviticus 20:10-16), thus the Free Methodist Church does not recognize the legitimacy or participation in the practice of same-sex marriage.

Homosexual behavior is contrary to the will of God as clearly stated in Scripture (Leviticus 18:22; 20:13; Romans 1:26-27; 1 Corinthians 6:9-10; 1 Timothy 1:8-10).

Persons with homosexual inclinations are accountable to God for their behavior (Romans 14:12).

The forgiving and delivering grace of God in Christ is all-sufficient for the homosexual (1 John 1:9; Hebrews 7:25; Luke 4:18; 1 Corinthians 6:9-11). The Church has a personal and corporate responsibility to be God's instrument of healing, restoring love to the homosexual seeking recovery of Christian conduct and life-style (2 Corinthians 2:7-8).

The church opposes legislation which makes homosexual conduct or life-style legitimate.[3]

 ”

Italian Methodist Church

The Union of Methodist and Waldensian Churches, of which the Italian Methodist Church is a part of, voted in 2010 to bless same-sex relationships.[18] LGBT-affirming church leaders said "the references to homosexuality in the Bible needed to be understood taking into account issue of culture and interpretation, to avoid the danger of Biblical fundamentalism."[18]

Methodist Church of Great Britain

At the annual Methodist Conference in 1993 in Derby, following long debate at all levels of the Church's life on the basis of a detailed report, the British Methodist Church considered the issues of human sexuality.[19] The Derby Conference in 1993 passed a series of Resolutions which still stand. These resolutions are as follows:

“

1. The Conference, affirming the joy of human sexuality as God's gift and the place of every human being within the grace of God, recognises the responsibility that flows from this for us all. It therefore welcomes the serious, prayerful and sometimes costly consideration given to this issue by The Methodist Church.
2. All practices of sexuality, which are promiscuous, exploitative or demeaning in any way are unacceptable forms of behaviour and contradict God's purpose for us all.
3. A person shall not be debarred from church on the grounds of sexual orientation in itself.
4. The Conference reaffirms the traditional teaching of the Church on human sexuality; namely chastity for all outside marriage and fidelity within it. The Conference directs that this affirmation is made clear to all candidates for ministry, office and membership, and having established this, affirm that the existing procedures of our church are adequate to deal with all such cases.
5. The Conference resolves that its decision in this debate shall not be used to form the basis of a disciplinary charge against any person in relation to conduct alleged to have taken place before such decisions were made.
6. Conference recognises, affirms and celebrates the participation and ministry of lesbians and gay men in the church. Conference calls on the Methodist people to begin a pilgrimage of faith to combat repression and discrimination, to work for justice and human rights and to give dignity and worth to people whatever their sexuality.[19]

 ”

In 2005, the church voted "to offer the prospect of blessing services for same-sex couples", but in 2006 the church voted to step back but did offer "informal, private prayers to couples".[20] In 2013, the denomination initiated a consultation on blessing same-sex marriages,[21] and, in 2014, after same-sex marriage became legal, the Methodist Church decided in favor of allowing ministers to celebrate same-sex couples entering into civil marriages.[1] Also in 2014, "the Conference resolved that its previous ruling that there was no reason per se to prevent anyone within the Church, ordained or lay, from entering into or remaining within a civil partnership, should also extend to those entering into legally contracted same-sex marriages".[22]

The denomination officially stated that Methodists may enter into same-sex marriages and that "prayers of thanksgiving or celebration may be said, and there may be informal services of thanksgiving or celebration".[23]

Methodist Church of New Zealand

The Methodist Church of New Zealand, since 2004, has approved of ordaining openly gay and lesbian ministers, and the denomination allows each local congregation to determine its own policy on the issue.[24] In 2013, when same-sex marriage was legalized in New Zealand, congregations that opted to do so were able to perform same-sex marriages.[25]

Methodist Church of Peru

The Methodist Church of Peru, an autonomous affiliate of the United Methodist Church, has agreed to discuss the issue of homosexuality and the blessing of same-gender unions.[26] Generally, the denomination is considered to be a progressive church in Peru.[27]

Methodist Church of Southern Africa

The Methodist Church of Southern Africa spoke out against laws criminalizing homosexuality, and, in particular, condemned the anti-homosexuality laws proposed in Uganda.[28] Currently, the denomination is discussing how to approach the issue of same-gender relationships.[29] Several courts have concluded that the church's polices are currently accepting of same-sex relationships as long as they are not 'marriages'.

In 2013, the Western Cape High Court found that "the Methodist Church did not have a rule prohibiting its ministers from marrying someone of the same sex".[30] Additionally, in 2015, another court determined that the denomination "even accepts same-sex relationships (as long as such relationships are not solemnised by marriage), which means it is not at the core of the Church’s beliefs".[31]

Methodist Church of Uruguay

The church, part of the Evangelical Church of Uruguay, "has a ministry with persons of diverse sexual orientations".[32] The denomination "resolved that pastors that wish to minister to homosexuals could do so freely".[33] Since then, some congregations have provided blessing services for same-gender couples.[34]

United Church of Canada

The United Church of Canada, a member of the World Methodist Council, is a united church which resulted from the merger of multiple denominations including Methodists. The denomination is supportive of LGBT inclusion. The church ordains openly gay and lesbian clergy, and, in 2012, elected its first openly gay moderator to lead the whole denomination.[35] Since 2003, the UCC has supported same-gender marriage.[36]

United Methodist Church

As stated in the Book of Discipline of The United Methodist Church, the United Methodist Church holds that "homosexual persons no less than heterosexual persons are individuals of sacred worth."[2] In other words, all individuals are of worth to God. Nevertheless, in keeping with historic Church teaching,[37][38] it considers the "practice of homosexuality [to be] incompatible with Christian teaching," For this reason, the "United Methodist Church does not condone the practice of homosexuality"[2] or allow "self-avowed practicing homosexuals" to be "certified as candidates, ordained as ministers, or appointed to serve in The United Methodist Church."[39] Nevertheless, some regional conferences, including the Baltimore-Washington and New York Annual Conferences, have voted to ordain and license LGBTQ clergy.[40] The Baltimore-Washington Conference appointed an openly partnered lesbian to the provisional diaconate in a more inclusive approach.[41] The New York body ordained the denomination's first openly gay and lesbian clergy.[42] In April 2016, Bishop Melvin Talbert performed a same-sex marriage as a public sign of his support for change and full inclusion of LGBT persons.[43] The church also provides spousal benefits for non-ordained employees in same-sex marriages.[44] Some congregations have voted to perform same-sex marriages.[45] Also in 2016, the Western Jurisdiction of the denomination elected an openly partnered lesbian as bishop.[46]

Based on its teaching, the United Methodist Church prohibits the blessing of homosexual unions by its clergy and in its churches.[39] The breaking of this law is a chargeable offense and rebellious clergy are subject to being defrocked,[47] as was the case in 1987, when Methodist minister Rose Mary Denman, was defrocked for being openly gay.[48] Similarly, in 2005, clergy credentials were removed from Irene Elizabeth Stroud after she was convicted in a church trial of violating Church law by engaging in a lesbian relationship; this conviction was later upheld by the Church Judicial Council, the highest court in the denomination.[49] Other clergy, however, avoided church trials altogether. The Rev. Val Roseqnuist officiated a same-sex marriage in 2016 and reached a 'just resolution', and a church trial was avoided.[50] Also in 2016, a complaint filed against an openly gay minister was dismissed, and the minister was able to continue working.[51]

The United Methodist Church in addition supports "laws in civil society that define marriage as the union of one man and one woman."[52] On April 30, 2008, at the General Conference, delegates adopted even more conservative language, stating that Christians are called to "responsible stewardship of this sacred gift" of sexuality and that "sexual relations are affirmed only within the covenant of monogamous, heterosexual marriage."[53] Still, in 2015, the Connectional Table, a governing committee of the UMC, voted in favor of supporting a localized option that would permit ministers to officiate same-sex weddings and conferences to ordain openly gay clergy.[54] Additionally, over 15 regional conferences have voted in favor of supporting same-gender marriages.[55]

As a result of decisions made in April 2008 and August 2009,[56] the United Methodist Church entered into full communion with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in America.[57] The latter denomination allows individuals in committed homosexual relationships to serve as ministers,[58] while the United Methodist Church requires gay clergy to remain celibate.[59] Despite the fact that full communion allows for the interchangeability of all ordained ministers between the two denominations,[60] Lutheran clergy who are involved in homosexual activity are prohibited to serve in the United Methodist Church in order to uphold the integrity of United Methodist ministerial standards.[59] Nevertheless, the UMC has a more ambiguous policy regarding the ordination of transgender pastors and, in 2008, the Judicial Council ruled that each regional conference can determine their own policy; as a result, some conferences have ordained transgender pastors.[61]

Several grassroots organizations not officially recognized by the United Methodist Church have also formed around positions on issues relating to homosexuality. The Confessing Movement within the United Methodist Church seeks to continue to protect the United Methodist Church's current stance on homosexuality, if not make it more rigid. Moreover, another movement, Transforming Congregations, is a Methodist ex-gay ministry whose purpose is to "equip the local church to model and minister sanctified sexuality through biblical instruction, personal and public witness, and compassionate outreach.[62] Meanwhile, the Reconciling Ministries Network seeks to change the United Methodist Church's current teaching on homosexuality in order to make the church more inclusive of LGBT people.[63] At the 2008 General Conference of the United Methodist Church, it was decided that the Church would retain its views on homosexuality.[64] At the General Conference in 2016, the delegates deferred the issue of human sexuality to the Council of Bishops in what has been described as a "'historic action'.[65]

In 2016, after General Conference, several Annual Conferences voted in favor of non-discrimination clauses that effectively allowed LGBTQ clergy and which indicated that those conferences would refuse to participate in any church trials in which people were being tried for being an active homosexual. The Baltimore-Washington, California-Nevada, California-Pacific, Desert Southwest, New England, New York, Northern Illinois, and Oregon-Idaho Annual Conferences voted in favor of full inclusion for LGBTQ members and clergy.[66][67] Additionally, the Virginia Annual Conference voted to petition the UMC to allow LGBTQ clergy and same-gender marriages.[68] The Rocky Mountain Annual Conference voted to not consider sexual orientation when electing a bishop.[69] In 2015, the Great Plains and Greater New Jersey Conferences voted to petition the UMC to allow same-gender marriages.[70][71] In 2014, the Social and Ethics Ministry of the Central Conference in Germany supported an initiative to propose steps toward the full inclusion of LGBT people.[72] In 2012, the Minnesota Conference had voted to oppose bans on same-gender marriage, and the Illinois Great Rivers and West Michigan Conferences voted that it "expressed sadness" at the actions of 2012 General Conference, and the Arkansas Annual Conference voted to encourage respect for multiple perspectives on human sexuality.[73] The Detroit, Upper New York, and Wisconsin Conferences also supported resolutions supporting allowing same-gender marriages.[74] Bishop Christian Alsted of the Nordic and Baltic Episcopal Area shared that some of the conferences within his region support same-sex marriage.[75] Within the jurisdictions, the Western Jurisdiction and the North Central Jurisdiction have nominated three openly gay candidates for bishop.[76][77] The Northeastern Jurisdiction passed a resolution supporting same-sex marriage and the ordination of openly gay and lesbian clergy.[78]

However, two United Methodist bishops "voided two resolutions in the Northeastern United States that called for defying church restrictions".[79] Similarly, the United Methodist Bishops of the Central Conferences of Africa unanimously called for "unreserved commitment to the Holy Bible as the primary authority for faith and practice in the Church" and proclaimed that "sexual relations are affirmed only within the covenant bond of a faithful monogamous, heterosexual marriage, and not within same-sex unions or polygamy".[80][81][82] United Methodist Bishop Gaspar João Domingos stated that "the United Methodist Church denies the abuse of the principle of tolerance that sets aside the authority of Jesus Christ and the teaching on sexuality."[83] At the same time, the Alabama-West Florida Conference" passed resolutions upholding the denomination's rules on homosexuality" and the Eastern Pennsylvania Conference "approved a resolution that urges the conference to demand clergy accountability to the Discipline's 'rules of our common covenant,' and to call upon clergy to challenge those rules only 'through legitimate channels of holy conferencing, rather than breaking that covenant.'"[84] The Southeastern Jurisdiction also voted to maintain the current language in the Book of Discipline.[85]

Uniting Church in Australia

The denomination has permitted presbyteries to ordain openly gay and lesbian ministers if they opt to do so[86] and churches may bless same-sex couples entering into civil partnerships.[87]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 Drake, Gavin. "Methodists may bless but not marry same-sex couples". www.churchtimes.co.uk. Church Times. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
  2. 1 2 3 "Human Sexuality". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  3. 1 2 "The Christian Life - Christian Conduct". Free Methodist Church. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  4. ↑ "British Methodists reject blessing of same-sex relationships". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
  5. 1 2 3 "Stances of Faiths on LGBT Issues: African Methodist Episcopal Church". The Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved 2009-11-25.
  6. ↑ Fears, Darryl (2004-11-02). "Gay Blacks Feeling Strained Church Ties". The Human Rights Campaign. Retrieved 2009-11-25.
  7. ↑ Balsam, Kimberly (2012). Trauma, Stress, and Resilience Among Sexual Minority Women: Rising Like the Phoenix. New York: Routledge. p. 115.
  8. ↑ Hahn, Heather. "Gay pastor's removal brings sadness, defiance". www.umc.org. United Methodist Church. Retrieved November 26, 2015.
  9. ↑ ""Hay libertad para acompañar a las parejas homosexuales"". Diario El Ciudadano y la Gente. Retrieved 2016-05-26.
  10. ↑ "A Pastoral Perspective of Homosexuality" (PDF). nazarene.org. Church of the Nazarene. September 20, 2011. Retrieved May 20, 2016.
  11. ↑ "Homosexuality: An Indian Issue in Church and State". Continuing Indaba. 2013-09-18. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  12. ↑ "Indian Supreme Court Re-Criminalizes Homosexual Activity". National Catholic Register. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  13. ↑ "Rising cases of sexual abuse within the church in Kerala force clergy to rethink on homosexuality". indiatoday.intoday.in. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  14. ↑ "The Telegraph - Calcutta (Kolkata) | Frontpage | Protestants support gay rights". www.telegraphindia.com. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  15. ↑ Sitlhou, Makepeace (2015-12-09). "A Theological Challenge to Christian Homophobia". The Wire. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  16. ↑ "Church split over homosexuality would be a failure - Welby - BBC News". BBC News. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  17. 1 2 3 4 5 6 "Handbook of the EMC". Evangelical Methodist Church. Retrieved 2009-12-03.
  18. 1 2 (U.S.A.), Presbyterian Church (2010-09-07). "Presbyterian Church (U.S.A.) - News & Announcements - Italian Protestants approve same-sex blessings". www.pcusa.org. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  19. 1 2 "Human Sexuality". The Methodist Church of Great Britain. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  20. ↑ "Methodist Church votes on same sex blessings". outcomeonline.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-05-20.
  21. ↑ "Methodist Church begins mass consultation on gay marriage". Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 2016-05-20.
  22. ↑ "Methodist Conference receives report on same-sex marriage". www.methodist.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-08-09.
  23. ↑ "Frequently Asked Questions - Marriage and Relationships". www.methodist.org.uk. Retrieved 2016-07-09.
  24. ↑ "Methodists say yes to ordaining homosexuals". New Zealand Herald. 2004-09-15. ISSN 1170-0777. Retrieved 2016-04-13.
  25. ↑ "Gay Marriage Coming to the Bay". www.baybuzz.co.nz. Retrieved 2016-08-11.
  26. ↑ Oshige, Fernando. "Iglesia Metodista del Perú - Acuerdos de la JNC". www.iglesiametodista.org.pe. Retrieved 2016-05-27.
  27. ↑ "Iglesias y diversidad sexual en el Perú contemporáneo - Revista Argumentos". Revista Argumentos (in Spanish). Retrieved 2016-05-27.
  28. ↑ "Methodists Condemn Uganda Anti- Homosexuality Law | The Methodist Church of Southern Africa". www.methodist.org.za. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  29. ↑ "Conference Address 2013 | The Methodist Church of Southern Africa". www.methodist.org.za. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  30. ↑ "No same-sex marriage rule in church". Retrieved 2016-07-23.
  31. ↑ "The Methodist Church is confused and irrational | Daily Maverick". www.dailymaverick.co.za. Retrieved 2016-07-23.
  32. ↑ "Methodist Church of Uruguay — World Council of Churches". www.oikoumene.org. Retrieved 2016-05-26.
  33. ↑ "DISCRIMINACIÓN SEXUAL: AVANCES Y RETROCESOS DE LAS IGLESIAS PROTESTANTES HISTÓRICAS - La Otra Voz Digital". La Otra Voz Digital. Retrieved 2016-05-26.
  34. ↑ "Bendecidos por el clérigo Frontán". Diario La República (in Spanish). 2015-05-31. Retrieved 2016-05-27.
  35. ↑ Butler, ,Don. "Vancouver reverend elected United Church of Canada's first openly gay moderator". www.vancouversun.com. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  36. ↑ "United Church endorses gay marriage". www.cbc.ca. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  37. ↑ "Episcopal Church faces divisions over gay issues". Reuters. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  38. ↑ "Homosexuality". The Defender. Retrieved 2007-05-16.
  39. 1 2 "What is the denomination's position on homosexuality?". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  40. ↑ "NYAC Board of Ordained Ministry engages Biblical Obedience and ends discrimination against LGBTQ candidates for ministry". RMN+. Retrieved 2016-03-01.
  41. ↑ "US United Methodists vs African & Asian United Methodists". Episcopal Cafe. Retrieved 2016-03-07.
  42. ↑ "33 Ordained, Commissioned in "Historic" Service". www.nyac.com. Retrieved 2016-06-13.
  43. ↑ Communications, United Methodist. "Bishop again officiates at same-gender nuptials - The United Methodist Church". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2016-04-25.
  44. ↑ Service, Lauren Markoe Religion News (2014-04-29). "Methodist Church Approves Same-Sex Marriage Benefits". The Huffington Post. Retrieved 2016-06-21.
  45. ↑ Communications, United Methodist. "Rural Texas church votes for same-sex weddings - The United Methodist Church". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2016-08-29.
  46. ↑ Communications, United Methodist. "Western Jurisdiction elects openly gay United Methodist bishop - The United Methodist Church". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2016-07-16.
  47. ↑ "¶ 2702. Chargeable Offenses and the Statute of Limitations". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  48. ↑ Banerjee, Neela (2004-12-03). "United Methodists Move to Defrock Lesbian". New York Times. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  49. ↑ "United Methodist Church (UMC): The trial of Irene Elizabeth Stroud". Religious Tolerance. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  50. ↑ "Charlotte pastor who married same-sex couple will keep job, avoid church trial". Retrieved 2016-09-07.
  51. ↑ "After complaint dismissed, Rev. Blaedel calls United Methodists to action". 2016-08-31. Retrieved 2016-09-07.
  52. ↑ "Marriage". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  53. ↑ "Calendar Item 1186". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  54. ↑ "The Connectional Table votes to submit legislation proposal related to homosexuality". www.umc.org. United Methodist Church. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
  55. ↑ Gadoua, Renee K. "United Methodist conferences petition denomination on behalf of LGBT rights". www.religionnews.com. Religion News Service. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
  56. ↑ "Lutheran-United Methodist dialogue timeline". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2009-11-25.
  57. ↑ "ELCA Delegates OK Full Communion with UMC". The Christian Post. Retrieved 2009-11-25.
  58. ↑ "The ELCA, homosexuality, and apostasy". Christian Apologetics and Research Ministry. Retrieved 2009-11-25.
  59. 1 2 "Ecumenical pact does not open door to gay clergy". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2009-11-25.
  60. ↑ "United Methodist Church says No to Lutheran Homosexual Clergy". Black Christian News. Retrieved 2009-11-25.
  61. ↑ Bartolone, Pauline. "Methodists Vote to Keep Transgender Pastors". www.npr.org. NPR. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
  62. ↑ "Our Purpose". Transforming Congregations. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  63. ↑ "Our Mission". Reconciling Ministries Network. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  64. ↑ "Methodists yes to full communion with Lutherans; no on gay change". Ecumenical News International. Retrieved 2008-05-16.
  65. ↑ "United Methodist Church Takes 'Historic Action' Toward LGBT Equality". ThinkProgress. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  66. ↑ Communications, United Methodist. "Two conferences vote for full inclusion of LGBTQ - The United Methodist Church". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  67. ↑ "New England, South Georgia differ on gay clergy". www.nyac.com. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  68. ↑ "United Methodist Body's Pro-Gay Petition Saying Homosexuality Is Part of 'God's Creation' Won't Influence Church's Ban, Say Theological Conservatives". Christian Post. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  69. ↑ River, Brick. "Rocky Mountain Conference: Rules, Petitions & Elections". www.rmcumc.org. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  70. ↑ "Kansas, Nebraska United Methodists support change to homosexual doctrines". kansas. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  71. ↑ "The Mississippi Annual Conference of the United Methodist Church". www.mississippi-umc.org. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  72. ↑ "Debatte über Homosexualität geht weiter | Evangelisch-methodistische Kirche in Österreich". www.emk.at. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  73. ↑ Communications, United Methodist. "Conferences reject church's stance on gays - The United Methodist Church". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2016-06-20.
  74. ↑ "Annual conferences report | gbcs". umc-gbcs.org. Retrieved 2016-07-01.
  75. ↑ Communications, United Methodist. "Sexuality panel displays church's global variation - The United Methodist Church". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2016-07-01.
  76. ↑ Emily, More by. "Methodists nominate 3 openly gay candidates for bishop". Religion News Service. Retrieved 2016-06-29.
  77. ↑ "Ohioan among 3 openly gay United Methodist ministers in U.S. up for bishop". Retrieved 2016-08-07.
  78. ↑ Communications, United Methodist. "Resolution recommends letting regional bodies adapt Discipline - The United Methodist Church". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2016-08-07.
  79. ↑ Hahn, Heather (15 September 2016). "Bishops overrule nonconformity resolutions". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  80. ↑ Hahn, Heather (4 November 2015). "African bishops speak out on terrorism, sexuality". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  81. ↑ "United Methodist Bishops from Africa issue statement". Good News Magazine. 4 November 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  82. ↑ "United Methodist Bishops in Africa Reaffirm Biblical Teaching on Marriage". Institute on Religion and Democracy. 4 November 2015. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  83. ↑ "Angolan Bishop Urges UMC to Stand Firm on Homosexuality". Institute on Religion and Democracy. 8 February 2016. Retrieved 15 September 2016.
  84. ↑ Gadoua, Renee K. "United Methodist conferences petition denomination on behalf of LGBT rights". www.religionnews.com. Religion News. Retrieved November 30, 2015.
  85. ↑ Communications, United Methodist. "Southeastern bishops decry 'nonconformity' plans - The United Methodist Church". The United Methodist Church. Retrieved 2016-07-16.
  86. ↑ "7.30 Report". www.abc.net.au. Retrieved 2016-05-21.
  87. ↑ "Church may overhaul its rules of marriage". au.news.yahoo.com. Retrieved 2016-05-21.

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