Kyle Turley

Kyle Turley
No. 68, 74
Position: Offensive tackle
Personal information
Date of birth: (1975-09-24) September 24, 1975
Place of birth: Provo, Utah
Height: 6 ft 5 in (1.96 m)
Weight: 309 lb (140 kg)
Career information
High school: Moreno Valley (CA) Valley View
College: San Diego State
NFL Draft: 1998 / Round: 1 / Pick: 7
Career history
Career highlights and awards
Career NFL statistics
Games played: 109
Games started: 107
Fumbles recovered: 8
Player stats at NFL.com
Player stats at PFR

Kyle John Turley (born September 24, 1975) is a former American football offensive lineman who played eight seasons in the National Football League (NFL). Selected 7th overall in the 1998 NFL draft, Turley played five seasons for the New Orleans Saints and a year with the St. Louis Rams before a serious back injury sidelined him for the 2004 and 2005 seasons. He returned to football in 2006 as a member of the Kansas City Chiefs, where he spent the last two years of his career before announcing his retirement in December 2007. Turley's high level of play earned him All-Pro honors for the 2000 season and a Pro Bowl invite following the 2001 season. His career is best remembered by many for a 2001 incident in which he ripped off an opposing player's helmet and tossed it downfield, playing a key factor in his team losing the game but also earning the respect of many Saints fans for his defense of the quarterback. Turley played college football at San Diego State.

Following his retirement from football, Turley set out on a music career which included the release of several albums and the launch of his own record label. Playing his "power country" style of music, Turley opened for a number of well-known musical acts, including in 2010 when he went on tour with Hank Williams III. Turley has also been outspoken and involved in a number of player health issues post-retirement, particularly in regards to the neurological problems resulting from his football career (early onset Alzheimer's, CTE symptomatic, seizures, vertigo) and his use of cannabis as treatment. Turley is a board member and active supporter of the Gridiron Greats Assistance Fund, an organization providing medical care and other forms of assistance to retired NFL players in dire need.

Early years

Turley was born in Provo, Utah.[1] He lived in Utah as well as the state of Washington before moving to southern California at the age of 10.[2] Growing up Turley enjoyed surfing and skateboarding, and took an interest in music.[1][2]

Turley attended Valley View High School in Moreno Valley, California.[3] He played defensive end during his only season of football as a senior in 1992,[1] earning first-team all-league honors[3] and attracting athletic scholarship offers from several universities seeking to recruit him.[1] Turley also played baseball[4] and was recognized with all-state honors as a wrestler.[3]

College career

Turley played college football at San Diego State University, redshirting his first year in 1993.[1] During his time on the scout team he practiced on both the offensive and defensive line, and was given the choice afterwards of where he wanted to play.[1] Turley chose offensive line as it allowed him the opportunity to work with O-line coach Ed White,[5] a 17-year veteran of the NFL who played in four Super Bowls.[2] Turley's most notable achievements came his final season in 1997, earning first-team All-American honors and being named a semifinalist for the Lombardi Award and Outland Trophy.[6] He was also twice named All-Western Athletic Conference first team during his time at SDSU.[7] Turley was inducted in the Aztec Hall of Fame in 2011.[7]

Professional career

New Orleans Saints

Turley was selected 7th overall by the New Orleans Saints in the 1998 NFL draft. Initially not projected as a high first round pick, Turley's draft stock rose dramatically after turning in a stellar 4.93 seconds for the 40-yard dash at the NFL combine.[8] Turley's combine performance caught the eye of then-Saints coach Mike Ditka, and the team subsequently made him the first offensive linemen selected in the 1998 draft.[8] He signed a six-year contract on July 24, 1998.[3]

Turley played a total of five seasons for the Saints, making an immediate impact by starting 15 games his rookie season and earning all-rookie honors from Pro Football Weekly, Football News, and Football Digest.[3] A durable presence on the Saints offensive line, Turley missed only one game due to ankle injury during his five years in New Orleans.[9][10] Turley would prove to be a versatile player as well, starting mostly at left guard his rookie season, then moving to right tackle the next three seasons, and over to left tackle in 2002.[3] His strong play earned him first team All-Pro honors following the 2000 season[3] and an invitation to the Pro Bowl as a substitute following the 2001 season.[11] He would turn down the Pro Bowl invite to serve as grand marshall of the Endymion Parade during Mardi Gras however.[12]

During his time in New Orleans, Turley became a fan favorite for his spirited style of play and colorful personality.[11] His popularity especially took off after the helmet tossing incident of 2001,[13] with many Saints fans lining up to buy his jersey afterwards.[11][14] Turley's antics were less well-received among team management however, particularly leading up to his March 2003 trade when Turley engaged in a public dispute with general manager Mickey Loomis.[15][16] Amongst players in the league, Turley came to be known by some as a dirty player due to his frequent use of cut blocks and ambushing of unsuspecting defenders.[11][17] Turley defended his use of the cut block, noting that it is a legal maneuver and that he is simply doing his job within the rules of the game.[17]

Turley's football career is best remembered by many for an on-field altercation that occurred in a game against the New York Jets on November 4, 2001. Trailing 16-9 in the final minute of the game, the Saints were driving deep into opposition territory with the ball at the 6-yard line on second-and-3.[18] After quarterback Aaron Brooks was tackled on a scramble to the 5-yard line, Jets safety Damien Robinson grabbed him by the facemask and proceeded to bend his body backwards while forcefully twisting his head to the side.[14] Turley stepped in and separated the two, then picked up Robinson by the facemask and threw him to the ground as referees and players from both teams tried to break up the scrum.[14] Turley emerged from the pile with Robinson's helmet in hand and proceeded to fling it across the field before making an obscene gesture.[18] Robinson and Turley received offsetting personal fouls for the initial incident, but Turley was assessed an additional personal foul and ejected from the game for the helmet toss and obscene gesture.[18] The penalty set the Saints back 15 yards and they ended up losing the game after failing to score on the drive. Saints head coach Jim Haslett said he initially considered cutting Turley before seeing a clearer view of the incident on film and discussing it with quarterback Aaron Brooks, who thought his neck had been broken at the time.[18] Turley was subsequently fined $25,000 by the Saints organization and requested to attend counseling for management of anger issues.[19] Many Saints fans applauded Turley's actions on the other hand, setting up a "Kyle Turley Defense Fund" to assist in payment of the fine[20] and putting up "Turley for mayor" signs around the city.[4] The incident occurred during a nationally televised game and received a significant amount of media attention afterwards, putting Turley's name in the national spotlight for the first time.[14]

St. Louis Rams

Turley was traded to the St. Louis Rams on March 21, 2003, in exchange for a 2nd round pick in the 2004 draft.[21] He was immediately signed to a 5-year, $26.5 million extension (in addition to the one year remaining on his contract),[22] making Turley the fourth-highest paid offensive lineman in the league.[23] With future hall-of-famer Orlando Pace already entrenched at the starting left tackle position, Turley moved to the right side and started all 16 regular games plus the single playoff game of the Rams 2003 season.[3] During week 7, Turley suffered a severe concussion after taking a knee to the back of the head,[24] but he was cleared for practice by mid-week and started the next game,[25] as Turley would later attest in a January 2010 congressional hearing on the NFL's handling of concussions.[26] In December, Turley was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated.[27]

Turley underwent surgery to repair a herniated disc in March 2004.[28] He re-aggravated the injury during training camp and was placed on injured reserve on August 28, ending his season.[29] Turley ruled out a second surgery on his back and opted for a long rehabilitation instead,[30] during which his weight dropped to 235 pounds from a normal playing weight of 310.[31] In December, he was involved in a heated exchange regarding the matter with head coach Mike Martz, after which Martz filed a complaint with NFL security.[32] No disciplinary action was taken as a result,[33] but Turley admitted that hard feelings lingered.[34] Turley also harbored feelings of resentment leading up to the incident, believing that the organization acted recklessly and carelessly in pushing him to return from back surgery too soon and advising him to play through initial onset of the injury during the 2003 season.[4][32] During his continued rehabilitation in 2005, Turley suggested he may switch to the defensive end position to lessen the load on his back.[31][34] He was released by the Rams on June 6, 2005, however, after failing a physical.[35] He ended up spending the entire 2004 and 2005 seasons out of football, continuing his recovery and training for a return in 2006.[4]

Kansas City Chiefs

After a mini-camp tryout at tight end for the Miami Dolphins,[36] Turley signed a two-year contract with the Kansas City Chiefs on June 13, 2006, where he would compete for a starting job at the right tackle position.[37] He started the first two games of the season, but returning back problems and a shoulder injury late in the season ended up limiting him to 7 starts in 7 games played.[3] He was also overpowered at times on the field due to playing below his normal weight from before his 2004 back surgery.[38]

Turley was released by the Chiefs in March 2007, but re-signed to a new one-year contract on July 26, 2007.[38] Having regained most of his normal playing weight in the offseason, Turley reported to training camp at 300 pounds.[39] Turley's health would again be an issue during the season however, as he dealt with hamstring,[40] ankle,[41] and back problems.[42] He started 5 of 7 games played in and ended the season on injured reserve.[43] Turley announced his retirement from football on December 21, 2007.[43]

Life after football

Music career

Early years

Turley's passion for music began early in life, taking up the guitar at age 14.[44] He listened to punk, grunge, and metal growing up as a teenager in southern California, and was also exposed heavily to country music from being around his father.[45] During his football career Turley played in a number of bands in the offseason, including various cover bands[46] and a death metal band named Perpetual Death Mode.[47] He also jammed with other NFL players,[2] and learned to play bass and drums.[46] While living in New Orleans, Turley immersed himself heavily in the local music scene where he befriended a number of musicians, including Phil Anselmo from Pantera.[48][49] Turley continued networking and honing his musical abilities in St. Louis, jamming with local musicians and performing at a number of charity events.[50]

The Kyle Turley Band

A year after retiring from football, Turley moved to Nashville where he set his sights on pursuing a music career.[1] He formed The Kyle Turley Band and released his first album, a 4-track self-titled EP, in 2009.[51] His first full-length album, Anger Management, was released in 2010 and included all songs from the earlier EP.[52] The album sold over 10,000 copies[14] and reached as high as No. 69 and 17 on the iTunes and AmazonMP3 country charts respectively,[50] while also charting at No. 8 on Billboard's Heatseekers South Central chart.[50] His next album, a 6-song EP titled Death, Drugs & the DoubleCross,[53] came out in 2011 and became the top selling album in New Orleans, as well as reaching #1 on Billboard's Heatseekers South Central chart[54] and #28 on the Heatseekers chart overall.[55] Turley's second full-length album Skull Shaker was released in 2013.[56]

Turley sings and plays guitar for The Kyle Turley Band. He describes his style of music as "power country", drawing influences from old-school country, heavy metal, Southern rock, and punk rock.[50] Some of Turley's song lyrics make reference to his football career, including the tracks "Flyin' Helmets" and "Anger Management" which allude to Turley's helmet tossing incident.[48] The song "My Soul Bleeds Black and Gold" is a tribute to the city of New Orleans and its football team,[57] which in the years since his 2003 departure Turley has expressed regret for leaving.[57][58]

Turley has toured extensively with his band, including in spring 2010 when he hit the road with Hank Williams III across the western United States.[59] Other acts that Turley has opened for include Lynyrd Skynyrd, Eric Church, Joe Nichols, George Jones, Jake Owen, David Allan Coe, Josh Thompson, and Kansas.[59]

Delta Doom

Delta Doom is a two-piece doom metal project that Turley formed in 2013 with bassist Rob Ogles from The Kyle Turley Band.[60] Ogles is the band's guitarist while Turley sings and plays drums.[49] Their first album, a 4-track live EP titled Half Alive, was released in December 2013.[61] Delta Doom has toured as an opening act for the New Orleans sludge metal band Crowbar.[62][63]

Gridiron Records

Turley launched Gridiron Records in 2006, along with two of his friends Mike Doling (ex-Snot/Soulfly guitarist) and Tim Pickett (of EMI Music).[64][65] Turley and Pickett are the current owners.[66]

In addition to The Kyle Turley Band and Delta Doom, other acts signed to Gridiron Records include The Hairbrain Scheme, Unset, and Invitro.[66]

Health issues and advocacy

Neurological issues

Turley has dealt with a number of neurological health issues since retiring from football in 2007. At age 34 he was diagnosed as symptomatic of chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE),[67][68] and in 2015 he was diagnosed with early onset of Alzheimer's disease.[69] Turley has a seizure disorder,[70] suffering a particularly severe episode in 2009 when he blacked out suddenly followed by several hours of slipping in and out of consciousness while seeking treatment in an emergency room.[24][25] Turley also experiences bouts of vertigo, a condition that first appeared during his rookie season but which increased in frequency throughout his career and became a daily occurrence in retirement.[71] Other symptoms that Turley has dealt with include depression, anxiety, rage issues, suicidal thoughts, migraine headaches, light sensitivity, and memory problems.[72]

Turley has been active in speaking about his personal experiences dealing with head trauma-related health issues and participating in efforts to reduce risks for current and future players. He testified before congress in January 2010, giving account of a severe concussion sustained during the 2003 season and the medical care he received afterwards, noting that team doctors cleared his return to the field three days after being released from the hospital.[26] Turley was a plaintiff in a class action lawsuit filed against the NFL seeking medical benefits and compensation for former players suffering from the effects of head trauma,[73] initially resulting in a 2013 settlement of $765 million but later amended to allow for a payout expected to exceed $1 billion.[74] Turley was featured in the 2013 documentary United States of Football examining issues of neurological health in the NFL and youth league football,[75][76] and has been involved with efforts to educate and assist youth sports programs in head trauma prevention through the Just Cool Me - T.K.O. initiative.[77] Turley has agreed to donate his brain posthumously to the Center for the Study of Traumatic Encephalopathy at Boston University to help advance research in the area of sports-related neurological disorders.[78][79]

Painkiller addiction

Turley retired from football with an addiction to pain-killing drugs.[80] He has criticized the manner in which painkillers are dispensed by medical staff in the NFL, stating that pills were handed out to players "like candy" after games.[81] Turley also says team doctors gave him painkillers while concealing the true nature of a serious back injury in 2003,[82] in an effort to keep him on the playing field until season's end.[4] The condition required major surgery in the offseason and eventually led to his release from the Rams,[4] also threatening to end his career at one point.[29] In 2014, Turley was one of more than 500 former players who took part in a class action lawsuit against the NFL alleging similar complaints,[80] also charging that team medical personnel neglected to inform players of the serious health risks of the drugs they were taking.[83]

Medical marijuana

Turley uses cannabis to treat the neurological issues that he suffers from post-NFL career.[84] He credits cannabis with greatly improving his quality of life and even saving his life,[72] after previously relying on numerous prescription meds with side effects that he says almost drove him to suicide.[85] Turley completely eliminated his use of pharmaceuticals - including psychiatric and pain-killing drugs - beginning in early 2015 when he went cold turkey and switched to cannabis only.[86][87] He has been active in speaking about his personal experience using cannabis as medicine, and in 2015 founded the Gridiron Cannabis Coalition to help advance policy change on the use of cannabis in professional sports.[88] The organization is also involved with medical cannabis research, commencing a study in 2016 to examine the effectiveness of cannabis as a treatment option for chronic pain and depression.[88] Thirty former NFL players signed up as participants in the study.[89]

Gridiron Greats

Turley is a board member and active supporter of the Gridiron Greats Assistance Fund, a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization providing medical care and other forms of assistance to retired NFL players in need.[90] Turley first became involved as an active player in 2007 when he pledged one of his game checks to the fund and challenged other players to do the same,[91][92] many of whom joined in helping to raise several hundred thousand dollars.[93][94] Announcing his pledge at a November 2007 press conference,[95] Turley spoke of the debilitating football-related health problems and inadequate medical / pension benefits that many retired players face,[96] a topic that had already been the focus of two congressional hearings earlier in the year.[97] Turley became the first active player to publicly take up the cause,[98] also taking NFLPA executive director Gene Upshaw to task at the time for failing to address the issue.[96] After retiring from football, Turley continued to raise funding and awareness for Gridiron Greats through his music career, donating a portion of his album sales and concert revenues to the organization.[99]

Through his involvement with the Gridiron Greats Assistance Fund, Turley was instrumental in the development of NFL Life Line, a 24/7 confidential crisis hotline for current and former NFL players.[100] Turley conceived of the idea after Junior Seau committed suicide in May 2012.[87]

Other

After living in Nashville for a number of years, Turley and his family moved to Riverside, California in April 2014, bordering the city of Moreno Valley where Turley grew up and attended high school. Turley has helped instruct the Arlington High School football team in Riverside, and also hosted a football camp at the school.[101]

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Hewitt, Hunter (August 30, 2012). "Throwback Thursday: Kyle Turley". Aztecs for Life: SDSU Football Blog. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  2. 1 2 3 4 Ryan, Kevin (April 7, 2012). "Turley: Passion beyond the gridiron". 247Sports. Archived from the original on June 7, 2012.
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 "KYLE TURLEY #74". kcchiefs.com. Archived from the original on February 10, 2008. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 McCollough, Brady (August 27, 2006). "Natural born protector Turley now protecting Trent Green's backside". Kansas City Star. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  5. ↑ Silver, Michael (September 13, 2006). "Kyle Turley -- Chiefs OT discusses his weight, steroids, rock and roll". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on December 29, 2007.
  6. ↑ "One for the ages". The Daily Aztec. December 15, 1997. Retrieved October 1, 2016.
  7. 1 2 "Kyle Turley Bio". goaztecs.com. Retrieved August 14, 2016.
  8. 1 2 Drehs, Wayne (February 21, 2002). "Wealth is measured in tenths of a second". ESPN. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
  9. ↑ "Kyle Turley". Pro Football Reference. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  10. ↑ Haugh, David (November 28, 2007). "Turley joins fray for NFL retirees". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 28, 2016.
  11. 1 2 3 4 Farmer, Sam (September 5, 2002). "He's No Saint". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
  12. ↑ "Ex-ICC standout turns down Pro Bowl offer". djournal.com. Associated Press. February 6, 2002. Retrieved August 17, 2016.
  13. ↑ Wilde, Jason (September 14, 2002). "Supportive Packers linemen say Turley far from Sainthood". The Journal Times. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
  14. 1 2 3 4 5 Hogan, Nakia (November 4, 2011). "Ex-New Orleans Saints Kyle Turley recalls tirade for the ages". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved August 5, 2016.
  15. ↑ Duncan, Jeff (March 16, 2003). "Turley's talk may be hurting his trade value". The Times-Picayune. Archived from the original on April 2, 2003.
  16. ↑ Silver, Michael (June 5, 2003). "Bitter Turley comes clean on why he's no Saint". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on July 13, 2003.
  17. 1 2 Elliot, Josh (July 2, 2001). "Jekyll & Hyde". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 10, 2016.
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  27. ↑ "THIS ISSUE'S CONTENTS - December 08, 2003". Sports Illustrated. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  28. ↑ Fallstrom, R.B. (August 2, 2004). "Turley departs camp with more back problems". Southeast Missourian. Associated Press. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  29. 1 2 Pasquarelli, Len (September 4, 2004). "Offensive lineman plagued by back problems". ESPN. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  30. ↑ Pasquarelli, Len (December 15, 2004). "Turley still rejects surgery, has lost 70 pounds". ESPN. Retrieved September 27, 2016.
  31. 1 2 Silver, Michael (June 10, 2005). "Getting defensive -- Turley wants to bring his intensity to DE position". Sports Illustrated. Archived from the original on August 29, 2005.
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  33. ↑ "Rams say matter is closed". ESPN. January 2, 2005. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
  34. 1 2 Schrotenboer, Brent (April 2, 2005). "Turley eyes changing sides". San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved August 7, 2016.
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  36. ↑ Pasquarelli, Len (May 5, 2006). "Turley tries to return from back problems". ESPN. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
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  38. 1 2 Pasquarelli, Len (July 25, 2007). "Chiefs sign Turley to contract ahead of training camp". ESPN. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  39. ↑ Pompei, Dan (September 14, 2007). "Weight watcher, all right -- Turley perfects putting on pounds: Eat, sleep, lift". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved September 26, 2016.
  40. ↑ "2007 Week 5 Injury Report". jt-sw.com. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  41. ↑ "2007 Week 15 Injury Report". jt-sw.com. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  42. ↑ "2007 Week 14 Injury Report". jt-sw.com. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  43. 1 2 Johnson, Greg (December 22, 2007). "Amid activism, Turley will retire". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved August 8, 2016.
  44. ↑ Farrar, Doug (October 9, 2012). "Outside the Game: Kyle Turley hopes to get back to NFL stadiums — this time, with his band". Yahoo! Sports. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  45. ↑ Mourning, Zhan (October 16, 2012). "Gridiron Experts Catches Up With Kyle Turley". Gridiron Experts. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  46. 1 2 Mosqueda, Ruben (April 9, 2010). "Interview with Kyle Turley". Rock & Rolla. Archived from the original on October 27, 2011.
  47. ↑ "PERPETUAL DEATH MODE: Former NFL Pro Bowl Offensive Lineman KYLE TURLEY Blasting Away". blabbermouth.net. June 19, 2005. Retrieved September 11, 2016.
  48. 1 2 Cariello, Dave (August 26, 2010). "CSC Interview: Kyle Turley". canalstreetchronicles.com. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
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  50. 1 2 3 4 Tucker, John H. (December 17, 2010). "Kyle Turley Back in St. Louis -- This Time as a Musician, Not a Football Player". Riverfront Times. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
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  52. ↑ "Anger Management". itunes.apple.com. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
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  54. ↑ "Death, Drugs & the DoubleCross is #1 Album in New Orleans, LA". Gridiron Records. October 23, 2011. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  55. ↑ "#1 Album in South Central Region & #28 in US on Billboard Heatseekers Chart!". Gridiron Records. November 18, 2011. Retrieved September 10, 2016.
  56. ↑ "Skull Shaker". itunes.apple.com. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  57. 1 2 Null, Keith (August 27, 2010). "Interview With Former Saints First Round Pick OT Kyle Turley Turned "Power Country" Star". Who Dat Dish. Retrieved September 12, 2016.
  58. ↑ Rose, Chris (October 9, 2009). "Former New Orleans Saint's Kyle Turley now a music man". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
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  61. ↑ "Demented Spotlight Featured Band". Demented Magazine. Archived from the original on March 21, 2014.
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  63. ↑ "Delta Doom On Tour with Crowbar!". Gridiron Records. Retrieved September 9, 2016.
  64. ↑ "Gridiron Records Bio". Gridiron Records. Archived from the original on March 5, 2007.
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  66. 1 2 "Contact". Gridiron Records. Retrieved September 8, 2016.
  67. ↑ Jacobs, Melissa (August 23, 2013). ""The United States of Football" director Sean Pamphilon on the concussion epidemic and his own experience with the NFL's power play over ESPN". thefootballgirl.com. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
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  70. ↑ Breer, Albert (April 8, 2013). "Concussion lawsuit: State of things entering Tuesday's hearing". nfl.com. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  71. ↑ "One on One with Kyle Turley". concussionconnection.com. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  72. 1 2 Loh, Stefanie (August 1, 2015). "Is it time to legalize marijuana in sports?". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Archived from the original on August 5, 2016. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  73. ↑ Strauss, Chris (August 29, 2013). "Kyle Turley: Concussion settlement a 'big win'". USA Today. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  74. ↑ "Judge OKs 65-year deal over NFL concussions; could cost $1 billion". ESPN. April 22, 2015. Retrieved September 3, 2016.
  75. ↑ Strauss, Chris (August 1, 2013). "Filmmaker on NFL head trauma: 'I didn't want to see any of this'". USA Today. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  76. ↑ Mikesell, Terry (September 5, 2013). "'The United States of Football' aims to save sport by scrutinizing its dangers". The Columbus Dispatch. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  77. ↑ "T. K. O. - Concussion, Subconcussion, & Migraine Awareness, Education, Treatment, and Recovery". justcoolme.org. Archived from the original on January 12, 2016.
  78. ↑ Barrow, Bill (February 3, 2010). "Former New Orleans Saint Kyle Turley joins head trauma research effort". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  79. ↑ Kendall, Justin (October 15, 2009). "Retired KC Chief Turley donating brain to research". pitch.com. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  80. 1 2 Gehlken, Michael (May 20, 2014). "New lawsuit filed against NFL". The San Diego Union-Tribune. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  81. ↑ Nuckols, Ben (May 20, 2014). "Ex-players sue NFL over use of painkillers". Yahoo! Sports. Associated Press. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  82. ↑ Dabe, Christopher (February 19, 2015). "Former Saints lineman Kyle Turley continues to speak out about painkiller use in NFL". The Times-Picayune. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  83. ↑ Ley, Tom (May 20, 2014). "Retired Stars File Suit Alleging NFL Doped Them Up Like Race Horses". Deadspin. Retrieved September 1, 2016.
  84. ↑ Strombel, Tim (August 24, 2015). "NFL All-Pro Kyle Turley: Medical cannabis will save football". Cashinbis. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  85. ↑ Heck, Jordan (November 6, 2016). "Former NFL player Kyle Turley says marijuana can help with injuries". Sporting News. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  86. ↑ Bloom, Steve (February 2, 2016). "Kyle Turley Interviewed: "Cannabis Will Save Football"". Freedom Leaf. Retrieved September 23, 2015.
  87. 1 2 Gordon, Aaron (September 16, 2015). "Battle for benefits, Part 1: "Why do I have to fight you now?"". Vice Sports. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  88. 1 2 Haglage, Abby (April 14, 2016). "Ex-NFL Players Rally Behind Medical Marijuana". The Daily Beast. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  89. ↑ Gantt, Darin (April 14, 2016). "Kyle Turley's leading 30 former players in study of medical marijuana". NBC Sports. Retrieved September 23, 2016.
  90. ↑ "ABOUT GRIDIRON GREATS ASSISTANCE FUND". gridirongreats.org. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  91. ↑ Johnson, Greg (November 28, 2007). "Chiefs' Turley plans to donate to retiree fund". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  92. ↑ "NFL Active Player, Kyle Turley, Donates Entire Game Check To Gridiron Greats To Help Retired Players In Need" (Press release). Chicago, IL: PRWeb. November 27, 2007. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  93. ↑ "NFL Players Coordinate Grassroots Holiday Humanitarian Effort This Sunday" (Press release). Chicago, IL: PRWeb. December 21, 2007. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  94. ↑ Johnson, Greg (December 19, 2007). "Charity effort grows for retired players". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  95. ↑ Marshall, John (December 18, 2007). "Emotional Turley putting time, effort and money into assisting former NFL players". USA Today. Associated Press. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  96. 1 2 O'Keeffe, Michael (November 28, 2007). "Chiefs' Kyle Turley criticizes Gene Upshaw for failing retired players". New York Daily News. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  97. ↑ O'Keeffe, Michael (November 27, 2007). "Chiefs lineman Kyle Turley to donate paycheck to assist retired players". New York Daily News. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  98. ↑ "Turley challenges active players to give to fund". ESPN. Associated Press. November 27, 2007. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  99. ↑ "Two Time NFL All-Pro Turns Rock Star Philanthropist; Kyle Turley on Tour with a Purpose" (Press release). Chicago, IL: PRNewswire. September 12, 2011. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  100. ↑ "About the NFL Life Line". nfllifeline.org. Retrieved September 6, 2016.
  101. ↑ Zink, David (July 10, 2014). "FOOTBALL: Former NFL star returning to his roots". The Press-Enterprise. Retrieved September 30, 2016.
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