Keio University

Keio University

慶應義塾大学
Motto	Calamus gladio fortior (Latin: The pen is mightier than the sword)
Type	Private
Established	1858
Endowment	N/A
Chancellor	Prof. Atsushi Seike
Academic staff	full time 2,604[1]
Administrative staff	2,722[1]
Students	33,825[2]
Undergraduates	28,931[2]
Postgraduates	4,894[2]
Doctoral students	1,234[2][3]
Location	Minato, Tokyo, Japan
Campus	Urban
Athletics	39 varsity teams
Colors	Blue and Red
Nickname	Unicorns, etc.
Affiliations	ASAIHL, Council on Business & Society
Website	Keio University

Keio University (慶應義塾大学, Keiō Gijuku Daigaku), abbreviated as Keio (慶應) or Keidai (慶大), is a Japanese university located in Minato, Tokyo. It is known as the oldest institute of higher education in Japan. Founder Fukuzawa Yukichi originally established it as a school for Western studies in 1858 in Edo (now Tokyo). It has eleven campuses in Tokyo and Kanagawa. It has ten faculties: Letters, Economics, Law, Business and Commerce, Medicine, Science and Technology, Policy Management, Environment and Information Studies, Nursing and Medical Care, and Pharmacy.

The university is one of the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology's thirteen "Global 30" Project universities.^[4] In the United States, Keio has a high school called "Keio Academy of New York".

Overview

Keio traces its history to 1858 when Fukuzawa Yukichi, who had studied the Western educational system at Brown University in the United States, started to teach Dutch while he was a guest of the Okudaira family. In 1868 he changed the name of the school to Keio Gijuku and devoted all his time to education. While Keiō's initial identity was that of a private school of Western studies, it expanded and established its first university faculty in 1890, and became known as a leading institute in Japanese higher education. It was the first Japanese university to reach its 150th anniversary, celebrating this anniversary in 2008.

Keio has leading research centers. It has approximately 30 Research Centers located on its five main campuses and at other facilities for advanced research in Japan^[5] Keio University has joined the MIT and the French INRIA in hosting the international W3C.^[6]

Mission

Fukuzawa stated the mission of Keio shown below, which is based on his speech at the alumni party on November 1, 1896.^[7]

Keio Gijuku shouldn't be satisfied with being just one educational institution.
Its mission is expected to be a model of the nobility of intelligence and virtue,
to make clear how it can be applied to its family, society, and nation,
and to take an actual action of this statement.
It expects all students being leaders in society by the practice of this mission.

Those sentences were given to students as his will, and considered as the simple expression of Keio's actual mission.^[7]

Academic culture

Contributor to Japanese modern education systems

Keio is known for being the first institution to introduce many modern education systems in Japan. The followings are the examples.

• Keio is the earliest Japanese school that introduced an annual fixed course fee, designed by Fukuzawa.^[8]
• It initially introduced the culture of speech to Japan, which Japan had never had before. It built Japan's earliest speech house Mita Speech House in 1875 as well.^[9]
• It is regarded as Japan's first university to accept international students.^[10] Keio accepted 2 Korean students in 1881 as its (and also Japan's) first international students. 60 Korean students entered in 1883 and 130 Korean students in 1895.

Dokuritsu Jison

Keio put "Independence and self-respect (独立自尊, Dokuritsu Jison)" as a foundation of its education. This is meant to be physically and mentally independent, and respect yourself for keeping your virtue.^[11] Independence and self-respect are also regarded as Fukuzawa's nature and essence of his education.^[12]

Hangaku Hankyo

Learning half and teaching half (半学半教, Hangaku Hankyo) is the other unique culture in Keio.^[13] During the late Edo period and the early Meiji period, several private prep schools often used students as assistant teachers and it was called "Learning half and teaching half". Keio also had initially used this system. In the early period of such schools of Western studies, there had been many things to learn not only for students but also professors themselves. Hence there had been sometimes the occasions that students who had learned in advance had taught other students and even professors. After the proper legal systems for education had been set up, those situations have disappeared. However, Fukuzawa thought the essence of academia was and is a continuous learning, and knowing more things provides more learning opportunities. Keio respects his thought and put the rule in "Rules in Keio Gijuku (慶應義塾社中之約束, Keio Gijuku Shachu no Yakusoku)" that there shouldn't be any hierarchy between teachers and learners, and all of the people in Keio Gijuku are in the same company. For this reason, there is still a culture in this university that all professors and lecturers are officially called with the honorific of "Kun" but never "Teacher" or "Professor".^[14][15]

Shachu no Kyoryoku

Collaboration in a company (社中の協力, Shachu no Kyoryoku) is also a uniqueness of Keio.^[16] Fukuzawa stated in 1879 that the Keio's success today is because of the collaboration in its company, and "Collaboration in a company" originally came from this article. People in Keio often think that all of the people related to Keio (e.g. professors, students, alumni and their family members) are the part of their company, thus they should try to help each other like brothers and sisters. This culture has been often seen especially in the alumni organization called Mita-Kai.^[17]

History

Keio University (慶應義塾大学, Keiō Gijuku Daigaku) was established in 1858 as a School of Western studies located in one of the mansion houses in Tsukiji by the founder Fukuzawa Yukichi.^[18] Its root is considered as the Han school for Kokugaku studies named Shinshu Kan established in 1796.^[19] Keio changed its name as "Keio Gijuku" in 1868, which came from the era name "Keio"^[20] and "Gijuku" as the translation of Public school.^[21] It moved to the current location in 1871, established the Medical school in 1873, and the official university department with Economics, Law and Literacy study in 1890.^[22]

Keio has been forming its structure in the following chronological order.^[23]

Year	University development
1858	Keio Gijuku was established
1879	It rejected an offer to become a national university.[24] Instead of that, it became a vocational school funded by Daimyos including Shimazu clan.
1890	University department with Faculty of Economics, Faculty of Law, and Faculty of Letters was set up
1906	Graduate school was set up
1917	School of Medicine was set up
1920	It was authorized as a university in the prewar system
1944	Faculty of Technology was set up
1949	It was authorized as a university in the post-war system
1957	Faculty of Business and Commerce was set up
1962	Graduate School of Business Administration was set up
1981	Faculty of Science and Technology (reformed from Faculty of Technology) was set up
1990	Faculty of Environment and Information Studies and Faculty of Policy Management were set up
2001	Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care was set up
2004	Law School was set up
2008	Faculty of Pharmacy was set up
2008	Graduate School of Media Design was set up

There have been several notable things in Keio's over 150-year history as shown below.

• Keio launched Hiromoto Watanabe as a first chancellor of the Imperial University (University of Tokyo) in 1886. He is the first chancellor of the officially authorized university in Japan.
• Keio sent 6 students to abroad in 1899. In the same year, it accepted three international students from India, Qing Dynasty China, and Thailand. Eight international students entered from Taiwan (which had technically been a territory of the Japanese Empire since 1895) in the next year.
• Keio was visited by Bengali poet Rabindranath Tagore where he made a speech in 1916.
• Keio was visited by Albert Einstein where he presented a lecture on the special theory of relativity in 1922.^[25]
• It started to accept female students in 1946.
• A paper written by Keio undergraduate student as the first author was placed in the research journal Science in 2006, which had rarely happened to any undergraduate students.^[26][27]
• Keio was visited by Prince Charles in 2008.

Presidents

Since the president system was established in 1881, there have been 18 presidents in Keio's history.^[28]

	President	Tenure		President	Tenure		President	Tenure
1.	Sadashiro Hamano	1881–1887	7.	Shinzo Koizumi	1933–1947	13.	Saku Sato	1969–1973
2.	Nobukichi Koizumi	1887–1890	8.	Seiichiro Takahashi	1946–1947	14.	Hiroshi Kuno	1973–1977
3.	Tokujiro Obata	1890–1897	9.	Kouji Ushioda	1947–1956	15.	Tadao Ishikawa	1977–1993
4.	Eikichi Kamata	1898–1922	10.	Fukutaro Okui	1956–1960	16.	Yasuhiko Torii	1993–2001
5.	Ichitaro Fukuzawa	1922–1923	11.	Shohei Takamura	1960–1965	17.	Yuichiro Anzai	2001–2009
6.	Kiroku Hayashi	1923–1933	12.	Kunio Nagasawa	1965–1969	18.	Atsushi Seike	2009–

Student body

Demographics of student body in 2011^[2][29]

	Undergraduate	Graduate(Master)	Graduate(Doctor)	Professional	Total
Total	28,931	3,115	1,234	545	33,825
Male	19,557	2,281	864	344	23,046
Female	9,374	834	370	201	10,779
International	438	480			918

In 2011, there are 33,825 students in Keio University, with 28,931 undergraduate students and 4,894 graduate students. Although two third of student body are male students, this ratio highly depends on the major (63% of students are female in the Faculty of letters, for instance).^[2]

There are 1072 international students in May 2011, with 438 undergraduate students (1.5% of total undergraduate students), 480 graduate students (9.8% of total graduate students) and 90 students in the exchange program.^[29] Korea is the country which provides the most number of international students with 381 students, followed by China (300), Taiwan (57), France (42), Indonesia (27), USA (27) and Germany (22).^[29]

Student life

Societies

In Japanese universities, there are student societies called "circles". Although the exact number is not clear, there are over 410 circles in Keio.^[30]

Festivals

Keio holds school festivals every year in each campus. The main festival is called "Mita Sai" on Mita campus, which is usually held in late November.^[31] Mita Sai includes various activities for not only entertainment but also academic purposes. It is also a research workshop for students on Mita campus.^[32] Approximately 200,000 people visit Mita Sai every year.^[33]

Athletics

Edward Bramwell Clarke and Tanaka Ginnosuke first introduced Rugby union to Japanese students at Keio University. (The game had been played in the treaty ports of Yokohama and Kobe before that, but not between Japanese teams.)

The interest of Keio's students in baseball stretches back to the early years of the 20th century; and the history of exhibition games was reported internationally. In 1913, an American professional team made of players from the New York Giants and the Chicago White Sox played the Keio team in an exhibition game.^[34] In a 1932 exhibition game, the Keio team beat the University of Michigan team which was then touring Japan.^[35] Keio's baseball team plays in the Tokyo Big6 Baseball League (six prominent universities in the Tokyo area).

Kei-So rivalry

Traditionally, there has been a strong rivalry between Keio and Waseda University. There are annually many matches between 2 universities in several sports, such as baseball, regatta and rugby. These games are called "Kei-So Sen(慶早戦)", or more generally "So-Kei Sen(早慶戦)".

The Kei-So baseball game is especially famous because of its over 100-year history and importance in Japanese baseball history. The most famous Kei-So baseball match was held on 1943/10/16, and it was made into a movie titled "The Last Game – the Final So-Kei Sen -" in 2008.

There are 2 Kei-So baseball game seasons every year and they are usually broadcast by NHK. There is no lecture on all campuses in Keio on the game day because of the students who want to watch this match. Japanese emperors visited Kei-So baseball games 3 times in 1929,1950 and 1994.

Keio and Waseda have been often compared to each other in other general topics, such as their popularity and alumni's successes. In fact, there are many books and magazine articles which compared with these universities.^{[36][37][38][39]}

Keio University is one of the most prestigious universities in Japan. In World rankings, Times Higher Education estimates that Keio is 351–400th place in general academic rankings.

American football

Academic Rankings

University rankings (overall)

Toyo Keizai National[40]	General	2
Kawaijuku National[41]	General	6
T. Reuters National[42]	Research	13
WE National[43]	Employment	3
NBP Greater Tokyo[44][45]	Reputation	3
Shimano National[46]	Selectivity	SA
QS Asia (Asian Ranking version)[47]	General	37
QS World[48]	General	219
ARWU World[49]	Research	301-400
ENSMP World[50]	Alumni	3

University rankings (by subject)

Social Sciences & Humanities
LAW
Asahi National[51]	Research	2
BE Success National[52]	Qualification	3
BE Pass rate National[53]	Qualification	1
ECONOMICS
RePec National[54]	Research	6
BUSINESS & MANAGEMENT
Eduni MBA National[55]	General	1
Eduni MBA World[56]	General	75
CPA Success National[57]	Qualification	1
Natural Sciences & Technology
Engineering
QS World[58]	General	179

Keio ranks 9th in the world in the Times Higher Education's Alma Mater Index.^[59] It ranks 34th globally in the Center for World University Rankings (CWUR) and 3rd in Asia.^[60] Keio is ranked at 58th of the Reuters Top 100 innovative universities worldwide.^[61] British Quacquarelli Symonds (QS) company estimates that Keio is ranked the 219th in QS World University Rankings 2015/16.^[62] In the Asian University Ranking (2015), Quacquarelli Symonds also ranked Keio as 37th in Asia.^[62] The Academic Ranking of World Universities (2015), which is compiled by Shanghai Jiao Tong University, ranks Keio 301–400 in the world and 37 in Asia.^[63] Keio, with Waseda University, is one of the prominent private universities within Japan.

Research performance

According to Thomson Reuters, Keio is the 10th best research university in Japan, and it's the only private university within Top 15.^[42] In addition, Weekly Diamond reported that Keio has the 8th highest research standard in Japan in terms of research fundings per researchers in COE Program, and it's also the only private university within Top 10.^[64] Asahi Shimbun summarized the amount of academic papers in Japanese major legal journals by university, and Keio was ranked 2nd during 2005–2009.^[51] Accordingly, Keio is a prominent research university within Japan.

In Economics, According to Asahi Shimbun, Keio's been ranked 7th in Japan in the economic research ranking during 2005–2009.^[65] More recently, Repec in January 2011 ranked Keio's Economic department as Japan's 6th best economic research university.^[66] Keio has provided 3 presidents of Japanese Economic Association in its 42-year history, and this number is 5th largest.^[67]

In addition, Nikkei Shimbun on 2004/2/16 surveyed about the research standards in Engineering studies based on Thomson Reuters, Grants in Aid for Scientific Research and questionnaires to heads of 93 leading Japanese Research Centers, and Keio was placed 8th (research planning ability 4th/informative ability of research outcome 3rd) in this ranking.^[68]

Business

Keio ranks second in Japan, for the number of alumni holding CEO positions in Fortune Global 500 companies, according to Mines ParisTech : Professional Ranking World Universities.^[50] Keio is also ranked 1st in Japan for the number of alumni generally holding executive positions (when positions like COO, CFO, CIO etc... are included along with the CEO position) in listed companies of Japan, and this number per student (probability of becoming an executive) is also top.^[69][70]

Keio Business School is Japan's first business school and one of only two Japanese schools holding The Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business (AACSB) accreditation.^[71] Keio was ranked No. 1 in Japan by Nikkei Shimbun.^[72] Eduniversal also ranked Keio as top in Japan (75th in the world).^[73] In Eduniversal Keio is one of only 3 Japanese schools categorized in "Universal Business schools with major international influence". In 2012, the Keio Business School became founding member of the university alliance Council on Business & Society that consists of Tuck School of Business from USA, University of Mannheim Business School from Germany, ESSEC Business School from France, Fudan University from China, Fundação Getúlio Vargas from Brazil and Keio Business School.

According to the Weekly Economist's 2010 rankings and the PRESIDENT's article on 2006/10/16, graduates from Keio University have the 3rd best employment rate in 400 major companies, and the alumni's average salary is the 3rd best in Japan.^[74][75]

Accounting

As an extension of Keio's strong business focus, for over 30 years, Keio graduates have been ranked first in Japan in the number of successful national CPA exam applicants.^[5]

Medicine

Keio has been influential in Japanese medical societies as well. In fact, there have been 4 presidents of Japan Medical Association related to this university (2 Alumni and 2 professors).^[76] This number is the 2nd largest among Japanese medical schools.^[77] Keio is one of 2 Japanese universities which provided a president of World Medical Association.^[78]

Law

Keio's law faculty is typically ranked among the best in all of Japan along with the University of Tokyo, University of Kyoto, Chuo University, and Hitotsubashi University. In 2010, Keio ranked highest among all Japanese universities for Bar Exam passage rate.^[79] Furthermore, the number of Members of Parliament who graduated Keio has been 3rd in Japan.^[65][80]

Popularity and selectivity

Keio is a popular university in Japan, often considered one of Japan's top two private university alongside Waseda University, their eternal equal and rival. The number of applicants per place was 11.7 (48260/4098) in the 2011 undergraduate admissions.^[81] Its entrance difficulty is usually considered as top with Waseda among 730 private universities.^[82][83][84]

Nikkei BP has been publishing a ranking system called "Brand rankings of Japanese universities" every year, composed by the various indications related to the power of brand, in which Keio was top in 2014, and ranked second in 2015 and 2016 in Greater Tokyo Area.^[85] The 4ICU ranking, which evaluates universities by web popularity instead of quality of education, classifies Keio as 1st in Japan, 2nd in Asia and 14th in the world.^[86][87][88] Webometrics (2008) also ranks Keio University as 3rd in Japan, 11th in Asia, and 208th in the world for quantity and quality of web presence and link visibility.^[89]

In a unique ranking, TBS ranked Japanese universities by the questionnaire of "Which university student do you want to have as your boyfriend?" to 300 girls in Shibuya, and Keio was ranked 1st in this ranking .^[90]

Finance

Operating revenues/expenses in 2010^[91]

Revenues	(yen in millions)	ratio	Expenses	(yen in millions)	ratio
Tuition and fees	49,204	24.97%	Compensation and benefits	65,270	33.12%
Investment return	4,170	2.12%	Education & Research	52,148	26.46%
Capital gain	20,817	10.56%	Investment	32,923	16.71%
National appropriation/Grants(Direct)	17,082	8.67%	Repayment of debt	13,236	6.72%
Medical care	48,274	24.50%
Debt loan	11,680	5.93%
Endowments	5,475	2.78%
Total	197,061	100.00%	Total	197,061	100.00%

According to Keio's financial report, there was operating revenue of 197 billion yen in 2010.^[91] The top 3 largest incomes were from "Tuition and fees", "Medical care" and "Capital gain", with 49 billion yen, 48 billion yen and 21 billion yen respectively. The amount of endowments in 2010 was about 5 billion yen. Keio is known as having one of the largest financial endowments of any Japanese university.^[92]

On the other hand, the top 3 largest expenses in 2010 were "Compensation and benefits", "Education & Research" and "Investment", with 65 billion yen, 52 billion yen and 33 billion yen respectively. The total asset value in 2010 was about 364 billion yen with increase of 5 billion yen. In addition, the total amount of assets under management was approximately 109 billion yen in 2010, composed by mainly cash, deposit with banks and marketable securities.^[91]

Tuition fees

Tuition fees^[93][94]

Undergraduate	4 years in Total (yen)	Per year (yen)
Social Science & Humanities	4,440,000	1,110,000
Natural Science & Engineering	6,280,000	1,570,000
SFC	5,320,000	1,330,000
School of Medicine	14,440,000	3,610,000
Graduate	2 years in Total (yen)	Per year (yen)
Social Science & Humanities	1,380,000	690,000
Natural Science & Engineering	1,965,000	983,000
SFC	2,071,000	1,035,000
School of Medicine	2,625,000	1,313,000

The university tuition fee system in Japan is different from other countries and very complicated. In the most Japanese universities, there are more payment requirements in the first year such as "entrance fees", and less in the rest of the years. There are several types of fees (some require to pay only once and some require to pay once or twice every year) and so-called "course fee" is officially only one of those fees.

In Keio University, Tuition fees vary and depend on the course. Social Science & Humanity studies require the least fees with approximately 1,110,000 yen per year, and School of Medicine requires the most expensive fees with about 3,610,000 yen per year.^[93] The tuition fees in graduate school are much less than those for undergraduate studies, as 690,000 yen per year for Social Science & Humanities and 1,313,000 yen per year for School of Medicine.^[94]

Although it is acceptable to pay twice with half in spring and half in autumn, the "entrance fee" is necessary to be paid before enrollment. The entrance fee for undergraduate study is 200,000 yen and the one for graduate study is 310,000 yen.^[93][94]

Scholarship/loan

Scholarship/loan^[95]

2008	number of students	ratio	average amount (yen)
Total using scholarship/loan	9,764	30.25%
Total of using scholarship funded by Keio	3,000	9.30%	300,000
International students (undergraduate)	397	appx. 100%	259,942
International students (graduate)	359	appx. 75%	517,473

There are many students who receive additional financial supports. In 2008, there were 9,764 students who used either scholarship or loan, and this number is about 30% of whole students.^[95] There are over 3,000 students who received scholarships with 300,000 yen on average, funded by Keio.^[95]

Organization

Faculties

Keio has ten undergraduate faculties, which cover a wide range of academic fields, with each operating independently and offering broad educational and research activities. The faculties are:

• Faculty of Letters (800)
• Faculty of Economics (1200)
• Faculty of Law (1200)
• Faculty of Business and Commerce (1000)
• School of Medicine (112)
• Faculty of Science and Technology (932)
• Faculty of Policy Management (425)
• Faculty of Environment and Information Studies (425)
• Faculty of Nursing and Medical Care (100)
• Faculty of Pharmacy (210)
• Correspondence Courses(distance learning)

Graduate schools

• Graduate School of Letters
• Graduate School of Economics
• Graduate School of Law
• Graduate School of Human Relations
• Graduate School of Business and Commerce
• Graduate School of Medicine
• Graduate School of Science and Technology
• Graduate School of Business Administration
• Graduate School of Media and Governance
• Graduate School of Health Management
• Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Law School
• Graduate School of Media Design
• Graduate School of System Design and Management

Media centers

Keio's Media Centers, with combined holdings of over 4.58 million books and publications, are one of the largest academic information storehouses in the country.^[96]

• Mita Media Center
• Hiyoshi Media Center
• Media Center for Science and Technology
• Shinanomachi Media Center
• SFC Media Center

Information technology centers

• ITC Headquarters
• Mita ITC
• Hiyoshi ITC
• Shinanomachi ITC
• Science & Technology ITC
• Shonan Fujisawa ITC

Affiliated schools

Elementary education

• Keio Yochisha Elementary School

Secondary education

• Keio Futsubu School (Boys Junior High School)
• Keio Chutobu Junior High School
• Keio Shonan Fujisawa Junior and Senior High School
• Keio Senior High School
• Keio Shiki Senior High School
• Keio Girls Senior High School
• Keio Academy of New York (High School)

Language education

• Japanese Language Program
• Keio Foreign Language School

Others

• Keio Marunouchi City Campus (KMCC)

Hospital and rehabilitation center

Keio University Hospital is one of the largest and most well-known general hospitals in Japan, the number of surgeries for carcinoma uteri in 2007 was top and the one for lung cancer was third among all university hospitals.^[97] and is also a famous teaching hospital. The number of trainee doctors who selected Keio as their first choice training hospital was 30 (33rd) among all Japanese teaching hospitals in 2010.^[98] Established in 1920, it has over 1,000 beds, a leading laboratory, and research and medical information divisions.^[5]

• Keio University Hospital (慶應義塾大学病院 or 慶應大学病院)
• Tsukigase Rehabilitation Center (月が瀬リハビリテーションセンター)

Campuses

It has eleven campuses.

• Mita Campus (Mita, Minato, Tokyo)
• Hiyoshi Campus (Yokohama, Kanagawa), home of the Hiyoshi tunnels
• Yagami Campus (Yokohama, Kanagawa)
• Shinanomachi Campus (Shinjuku)
• Shonan Fujisawa Campus (Fujisawa, Kanagawa, aka SFC) designed by Fumihiko Maki
• Shiba Kyoritsu Campus (Minato ward, Tokyo)
• Shin-Kawasaki Town Campus (Kawasaki, Kanagawa)
• Tsuruoka Town Campus of Keio (Tsuruoka, Yamagata, aka TTCK)
• Urawa Kyoritsu Campus (Urawa, Saitama)
• Keio Osaka Riverside Campus (Osaka)
• Keio Marunouchi City Campus (Tokyo)

Professors

Current professors

There are 2,604 full-time faculties in May 2011, including 789 professors, 406 associate professors, 362 lecturers and 1,047 other staffs (e.g. readers).^[1] There are several notable professors such as shown below.

Name	Faculty	Area of research	Notable achievement
Takayuki Tatsumi	Letters	American literature	Science fiction scholar Provided a new perspective to American literature by using the deconstruction theory
Kazuhito Ikeo	Economics	Finance, Japanese Economics	Former president of Nippon Finance Association Contributed to design the Big Bang liberalization of the Japanese financial sector as a chairperson of Economic Council in 1996.
Masao Ogaki	Economics	Macro Economics, International Finance, Quantitative Economics	Repec listed him as one of the top 5% Economists in the world (7th in Japan and 1326th in the world in January 2011).[99]
Mitsuhiro Fukao	Business and Commerce	International Finance, Corporate Governance	Chairperson of Japan Center for Economic Research Repec listed him as one of the top 25% Economists in Japan[66]
Yoshio Higuchi	Business and Commerce	Labor Economics, Quantitative Economics	Vice president of Japan Economic Association[100]
Hideo Saito	Science and Technology	Information Engineering	Project leader of the Technology to display 3D contents into Free Space
Junichi Ushiba	Science and Technology	Biomedical Engineering	Developed an interface to connect between the avatar in Second Life and the human brain.[101][102]
Kohei Itoh	Science and Technology	Quantum Computing	Successfully generated and detected quantum entanglement between electron spin and nuclear spin in phosphorus impurities added to silicon with Dr. John Morton at Oxford University. This is the world's first successful generation.[103]
Kazuo Nakazawa	Science and Technology	Robotics, Machine Learning	Developed the laparoscopic surgery robot system with real-time tactile feedback.[104]
Takahira Yamaguchi	Science and Technology	Information Engineering, Artificial Intelligence	Developed the autonomous collaboration system between more than 2 robots by using the Semantic Web. He has also developed the Intelligent humanoid robot with use of the information on Wikipedia.[105]
Tetsuya Suzuki	Science and Technology	Material Science, Nanotechnology	Developed the diamond-like carbon films for PET bottles and medical applications.[106]
Yasuhiro Koike	Science and Technology	Material Science	Developed the High-bandwidth graded-index plastic optical fiber.[107] He is thought as one of the Nobel Prize candidates in Physics in terms of the achievement of plastic optical fiber.[108][109]
Heizō Takenaka	Policy Management	Economic policy, Macro Economics	Former Japanese Minister of Internal Affairs and Communications
Shirō Asano	Policy Management	Politics	Former governor of Miyagi Prefecture
Jun Murai	Environment and Information Studies	Informatics	Founder of JUNET and president of WIDE University Known as the father of Japan's Internet.[110][111]
Hiroshi Shimizu	Environment and Information Studies	Electric car	Project leader of Eliica project (Electric Lithium-Ion Car)
Masaru Tomita	Environment and Information Studies School of Medicine	Bioinformatics, Metabolomics	Established the metabolomics analysis by using the CE-MS.
Adrian David Cheok	Graduate School of Media Design	Mixed Reality	Researcher in mixed reality, Young Global Leader in 2008

Former professors

• Kafū Nagai, Member of Japan Art Academy, Order of Culture
• Shinobu Orikuchi, Ethnologist
• Kitasato Shibasaburō, nominated for Nobel Prize
• Ryogo Kubo, the Boltzmann Medal, Order of Culture
• Joseph E. Stiglitz, Professor of Columbia University, Nobel Prize in Economics (visiting professor)
• Edward Bramwell Clarke, English Instructor, first coach of Keio Rugby team.
• Alexander Croft Shaw, Professor of Ethics, associate of Fukuzawa Yukichi
• James Cousins, Professor of English Literature, Irish Poet, nominated for Nobel Prize
• John Henry Wigmore.^[112]

Alumni

Some of the prominent Keio alumni include: Japanese Prime Ministers Junichiro Koizumi (2001–2006), Ryutaro Hashimoto (1996–1998), and Tsuyoshi Inukai (1931–1932). Dozens of other alumni have been cabinet members and governors in the post-war period.^[113] Its alumni include 230 CEOs of major companies and 97 CEOs of foreign affiliated companies (both highest in Japan).^[5] Keio has over 320,000 alumni in 866 alumni associations.^[5][114]

Politicians

• Junichiro Koizumi, the 87th/88th/89th Prime Minister of Japan　(2001–2006), the 20th President of Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (Economics 1967)
• Ryutaro Hashimoto, the 82nd/83rd Prime Minister of Japan　(1996–1998), the 17th President of Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (Law 1960)
• Tsuyoshi Inukai, the 29th Prime Minister of Japan　(1931–1932), the 6th President of Rikken Seiyukai
• Ichirō Ozawa, Former President of Democratic Party of Japan, Former Secretary General of Liberal Democratic Party of Japan (Economics 1967)
• Tamisuke Watanuki, President of People's New Party, Former Speaker of The House of Representatives of Japan (Economics 1950)
• Kenji Kosaka, Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (Law 1968)
• Jirō Kawasaki, Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare (Business and Commerce 1971)
• Andrew Thomson, Minister for Sport and Tourism and Minister Assisting the Prime Minister for the Sydney 2000 Games in the Australian Government 1997 – 1998
• Shigefumi Matsuzawa, Governor of Kanagawa (Law 1982)
• Akihiko Noro, Governor of Mie (Science and Technology　1969)
• Daijiro Yamashita, Governor of Kochi (Economics 1970 and Law 1972)
• Genjirō Kaneko, Governor of Nagasaki (Letters 1968)
• Hiroshi Nakai, Chairman of the National Commission on Public Safety, Minister of State for Disaster Management and the Abduction Issue (Economics 1969)
• Yūzan Fujita, Governor of Hiroshima (Business and Commerce 1972)
• Keiichi Inamine, Governor of Okinawa (Economics 1957)
• Ichiro Fujisaki, Chairman of Executive Committee of United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (Law Dropout 1969)
• Shinichi Kitajima, Permanent Representative of Japan to the OECD (Economics 1971)
• Masaharu Ikuta, President of Japan Post, Former CEO of Mitsui O.S.K. Lines (Economics 1957)
• Atsushi Saito, CEO and President of Industrial Revitalization Corporation of Japan (Business & Commerce 1963)
• Hideo Shinozaki, Director General of National Institute of Public Health (Medicine)
• Toru Kawajiri, President of The National Institute for Defense Studies (Economics 1973)
• Yukio Ozaki, "Father of parliamentary politics" in Japan.^[115]
• Nobuteru Ishihara, Minister of Land, Infrastructure and Transport, Minister of State for Administrative and Regulatory Reform, Candidate for the LDP presidency 2008
• Hirofumi Nakasone, Minister for Foreign Affairs
• Masajūrō Shiokawa, Minister of Finances, Minister of Education and Chief Cabinet Secretary
• Hidenao Nakagawa, Chief Cabinet Secretary
• Mitsuo Horiuchi, Minister of International Trade and Industry
• Yoshiyuki Kamei, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
• Ryu Shionoya, Minister of Education, Science and Technology
• Shigeru Ishiba, Minister of Defense, Minister of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries
• Kazuyoshi Kaneko, Minister of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism and Minister for Ocean Policy
• Takeo Kawamura, Minister of Education, Science and Technology and Chief Cabinet Secretary
• Akira Amari, Minister of Economy, Trade and Industry and Minister of State in charge of Administrative Reform
• Tatsuya Ito, Minister of State for Financial Services
• Tadamori Oshima, Minister of Agriculture
• Takeo Hiranuma, Minister of Transport and Minister of Economy, Trade, and Industry
• Akira Nagatsuma, Minister of Health, Labour and Welfare, Minister of State for Pension Reform
• Masajuro Shiokawa, Chief Cabinet Secretary of Japan
• Wataru Takeshita, Minister for Reconstruction
• Jon Richards, Wisconsin legislator

Finance

• Taizo Nishimuro, Chairman and CEO of Tokyo Stock Exchange, Former CEO of Toshiba Corporation (Economics 1961)
• Toshio Ando, Chairman of Japan Securities Dealers Association, Chairman of Nomura Asset Management (Law 1974)
• Shigeharu Suzuki, President and CEO of Daiwa Securities Group (Economics 1971)
• Junichi Arimura, President and CEO of Nikko Cordial Corporation (Business and Commerce 1973)
• Toshiaki Ito, CEO and President of JAFCO (Law 1971)
• Masanori Mochida, President of Goldman Sachs Japan (Economics)
• Kensuke Hotta, Chairman of Morgan Stanley Japan (Economics)
• Haruyasu Asakura, Managing Director and Head of Japan Growth Capital team of Carlyle Group (Science and Technology)
• Taisuke Sasanuma, Founder and Representative Partner of Advantage Partners (Law, MBA)
• Shigetoshi Yoshihara, Governor of the Bank of Japan
• Shigeharu Suzkui, President and CEO of Daiwa Securities Group

Media

• Shoichi Ueno, owner of The Asahi Shimbun (Law 1958)
• Tōru Shōriki, owner of The Yomiuri Shimbun (Economics 1942)
• Takuo Takihana, president of The Yomiuri Shimbun (Law 1963)
• Takehiko Kiyohara, chairman of The Sankei Shimbun (Law 1962)
• Nagayoshi Sumida, president of The Sankei Shimbun (Economics 1969)
• Michisada Hirose, chairman of The National Association of Commercial Broadcasting in Japan, Chairman of the Board of TV Asahi Corporation (Law 1958)
• Shintaro Kubo, president of Nippon Television Network (Economics 1968)
• Yukio Sunahara, chairman and CEO of Tokyo Broadcasting System (Letters 1961)
• Kazuhiko Torishima, president of Hakusensha (1978)

Other business people

• Akio Toyoda, President and CEO Toyota Motor Corporation 2009–current
• Yutaka Asoh, later known as Yutaka Katayama, the first president of the U.S. operations of Nissan Motors (Economics 1935)
• Kakutaro Kitashiro, Leader of Japan Association of Corporate Executives, Chairman of IBM Japan (Science and Technology 1967)
• Osamu Nagayama (born 1947), CEO of Chugai Pharmaceutical and Chairman of Sony Corporation
• Katsuaki Watanabe, President of Toyota Motor Corporation (Economics 1964).^[116]
• Yuzaburo Mogi, Chairman and CEO of Kikkoman Corporation (Law 1958)
• Takashi Ushiku, President and COO of Kikkoman Corporation (Economics 1963)
• Shinzo Maeda, President and CEO of Shiseido (Letters 1970)
• Kazuyasu Kato, President of Kirin Brewery (Business and Commerce 1968)
• Yoji Ohashi, Chairman of the Board of All Nippon Airways (Law 1964)
• Shinji Yamamoto, Partner and Head of Bain and Company Japan (Economics 1982)
• Yoshiaki Sakito, President of Apple Computer Japan (Master Science and Technology 1983)
• Yoshio Nakamura, Acting Director General of Japan Business Federation
• Ichizō Kobayashi, Founder of Hankyu Railway and the Takarazuka Revue, Minister of Commerce and Industry in the 1940 Konoe Cabinet
• Fusanosuke Kuhara
• Nobutada Saji, Chief executive of Suntory Ltd., the wealthiest individual in Japan as of 2004 by Forbes
• Akira Mori, President and CEO of Mori Trust, the fourth-wealthiest person in Japan as of 2013 by Forbes
• Yoshiharu Fukuhara, Honorary Chairman of Shiseido Co., Ltd., and Director of Tokyo Metropolitan Museum of Photography
• Keiichi Ishizaka, chairman and CEO, Warner Music Japan Inc. (Business and Commerce, 1968) – 2009 Medal of Honor Awardee
• Lee Jae-yong, vice chairman of Samsung Electronics (MBA) – The 3rd wealthiest person in South Korea and the most powerful Korean by 2014's Forbes Magazine

Entertainment

• Toshio Suzuki, former president of Studio Ghibli (Literature)
• Takeuchi Naoko, manga creator of Sailor Moon, (Pharmacy)
• Fujii Mina, actress
• Ryo Fukawa, comedian (Economics)
• Yo Hitoto, singer (Environmental Studies)
• Ichikawa Ennosuke III, kabuki actor
• Yujiro Ishihara, actor (Dropout)
• Koji Ishizaka, actor
• Keisuke Koide, actor, (Literature)
• Takahiro Konagawa, musician, member of band, Charcoal Filter
• Asami Konno, TV journalist/reporter, former member of the pop idol girl group Morning Musume (Environment and Information Studies)
• Misako Konno, actress, Ambassadress of United Nations Development Programme
• Kreva, singer, member of Kick the Can Crew
• Takashi Matsumoto, lyricist, former member of Happy End
• Masataka Matsutoya, music producer
• Hiro Mizushima, actor, writer (majoring Policy)
• Hiroshi Ōnogi, a screenwriter and novelist focused on anime productions
• Haruhiko Mikimoto an anime character designer, illustrator and manga artist
• Kōyū Ohara, film director
• Sho Sakurai, singer, actor, newscaster, member of group Arashi (Economics)
• Koji Suzuki, horror author, author of Ring
• Mariya Takeuchi, musician (Literature)
• Yoshie Takeuchi, announcer for TV Asahi and Music Station co-host (Law, 2008)
• Kajirō Yamamoto, film director
• Fumi Yoshinaga, manga artist
• Yujiro, actor, television entertainer, Comedian
• Suzuki Airi, singer and actor (Law)
• Yukana, voice actress and singer (Law)
• Yuki Furukawa, actor (Science and Technology)
• Iwata Takanori, performer Sandaime J Soul Brothers and actor (Law)
• Fiona Graham, anthropologist (Literature)
• Hidetaka Miyazaki, Creator of the Souls video game series, President of FromSoftware^[117]

Art

• Rei Kawakubo, designer (founder of Comme des Garcons label)
• Yohji Yamamoto, Fashion designer^[118]
• Shusaku Endo, Akutagawa Prize, Order of Culture (Literature)
• Daigaku Horiguchi, Poet, Translator, Member of Japan Art Academy
• Jun Etō, literary critic
• Hiroshi Aramata, Professor of Nihon University
• Sakutarō Hagiwara, Poet
• Yumeno Kyūsaku, Surrealistic detective novelist
• Kazuki Kaneshiro, Zainichi Korean novelist

Thailand

• Tarisa Watanagase (Thai), Governor of the Bank of Thailand, 2006–2010 (Economics)
• Lernchai Marakarn (Thai), Governor of the Bank of Thailand, 1996–1997 (Money and Banking)
• Sommai Hoontrakool (Thai), Minister of Finance of Thailand, 1982–1986 (Economics)

Others

• Ryōji Uehara, a flight captain of the Imperial Japanese Army and was killed in action as a kamikaze pilot. His letter, written to his parents the night before his final mission, was published after the war and it is still regarded as a masterpiece of wartime literary works in Japan (Economics)
• Masayoshi Tomizuka, professor in Control Theory in Department of Mechanical Engineering, and director of Mechanical Systems Control Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley. He holds the Cheryl and John Neerhout, Jr., Distinguished Professorship Chair, and has supervised more than 90 Ph. D. students to completion, many of which have become professors in universities in USA, Taiwan, etc., prestigious for the research in the field of Mechanical Engineering. (B.S. and M.S. degrees, Mechanical Engineering, 1968 and 1970)
• Yusuke Amimori, gamer (Economics)
• Takeshi Fukuzawa, Executive Counsel, Mitsubishi Real Estate (Law)
• Akihiko Hoshide, JAXA astronaut
• Shichiro Ishikawa, president of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer
• Chiaki Mukai, surgeon and astronaut
• Zheng Nanning, president of Xi'an Jiaotong University, China (PhD, Engineering)
• Theodor Holm "Ted" Nelson, Computer architect, visionary, and contrarian (PhD, Media and Governance, 2002)
• Isao Obata, Shotokan karate master
• Ken Sakamura, professor of University of Tokyo, creator of TRON, Takeda Award (Engineering)
• Sosuke Sumitani, announcer (Economics)
• Tsunekazu Takeda, chairman of Japanese Olympic Committee (Law 1970)
• Taro Takemi, president of the World Medical Association and Japan Medical Association
• Yoshihiro Tsurumi, professor of international business at Baruch College of the City University of New York (Economics)
• Yasuhiro Matsuda, professor of international politics at the University of Tokyo (Law)
• Yoshio Taniguchi, architect (Mechanical Engineering)
• Hiromoto Watanabe, first president of the Imperial University (now The University of Tokyo)
• Yasuhiro Matsuda, professor of University of Tokyo (international politic), Yasuhiro Nakasone Award (2011)

Gutenberg Bible

The only copy held outside Europe or North America is a first volume facsimile of the Gutenberg Bible (Hubay 45) at Keio University. Purchased by the university in 1996, from Maruzen booksellers who originally purchased the copy at auction in 1987 for US$5.4 million.^[119][120]

The Humanities Media Interface Project (HUMI) at Keio University is known for its high-quality digital images of Gutenberg Bibles and other rare books.^[119] Under the direction of Professor Toshiyuki Takamiya, the HUMI team has made digital reproductions of eleven sets of the bible in nine institutions, including in 2000, both full-text facsimiles held in the collection of the British Library.^[121]

See also

• Keio Medical Science Prize
• Keio Media Centers (Libraries)
• Eliica
• Auto-ID Labs
• Keio University Shonan Fujisawa Campus
• Keio Shonan-Fujisawa Junior & Senior High School
• Sakura Tsushin ("Sakura Diaries"), a manga and anime series by U-jin which prominently features Keio University.
• Japanese University Ranking
• List of National Treasures of Japan (crafts-others)

References

Bibliography

• The Keiogijuku University: a brief account of its history, aims and equipment. Keio Gijuku University. 1912. 

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to Keio University.

• Official website
• Keio University, Institute for Advanced Biosciences/TTCK
• Shonan Fujisawa Campus
• Keio Academy of New York
• Keio Organization for Global Initiatives (OGI)

Coordinates: 35°38′57″N 139°44′34″E / 35.64917°N 139.74278°E / 35.64917; 139.74278