Juniperus procera

Juniperus procera
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Pinophyta
Class: Pinopsida
Order: Pinales
Family: Cupressaceae
Genus: Juniperus
Species: J. procera
Binomial name
Juniperus procera
Hochst. ex Endl.[2]
Synonyms[3]
  • Juniperus abyssinica K.Koch
  • J. hochstetteri Antoine
  • Sabina procera (Hochst. ex Endl.) Antoine

Juniperus procera (known by the common English names African juniper, African pencil-cedar, East African juniper, East African-cedar, and Kenya-cedar)[4] is a coniferous tree native to mountainous areas in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. It is a characteristic tree of the Afromontane flora.

Description

Juniperus procera is a medium-sized tree reaching 20–25 m (rarely 40 m) tall, with a trunk up to 1.5–2 m diameter and a broadly conical to rounded or irregular crown. The leaves are of two forms, juvenile needle-like leaves 8–15 mm long on seedlings, and adult scale-leaves 0.5–3 mm long on older plants, arranged in decussate pairs or whorls of three. It is largely dioecious with separate male and female plants, but some individual plants produce both sexes. The cones are berry-like, 4–8 mm in diameter, blue-black with a whitish waxy bloom, and contain 2-5 seeds; they are mature in 12–18 months. The male cones are 3–5 mm long, and shed their pollen in early spring.[5]

Distribution

Juniperus procera is native to the Arabian Peninsula (in Saudi Arabia and Yemen), and northeastern, eastern, west-central, and south tropical Africa (in the Democratic Republic of the Congo; the Republic of the Congo; Djibouti; Eritrea; Ethiopia; Kenya; Malawi; Mozambique; Somalia; Sudan; Tanzania; Uganda; Zambia; and Zimbabwe)[4]

It is the only juniper to occur south of the equator, and is thought to be a relatively recent colonist of Africa; the species shows very little of the variability associated with a long period of evolution.[6] It is closely related to Juniperus excelsa from southwestern Asia, probably deriving from a common ancestor with that species in southwestern Asia.

Taxonomy

According to Tropicos, Juniperus procera was originally described and published in Synopsis Coniferarum 1847. The type specimen was collected from Ethiopia, by "Schimper" (possibly Wilhelm Philipp Schimper, but there were other contemporary collectors with this surname).[2][7]

Uses

It is an important timber tree, used for building houses, for poles, for furniture; bark used for beehives.[8]

References

  1. ↑ World Conservation Monitoring Centre (1998). "Juniperus procera in IUCN 2012". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2012.2. International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
  2. 1 2 "Name - Juniperus procera Hochst. ex Endl.". Tropicos. Saint Louis, Missouri: Missouri Botanical Garden. Retrieved March 1, 2013. Type-Protologue: Locality: ETHIOPIA: Semen, Adda Mariam near Enschedcap: Collector: Schimper
  3. ↑ "TPL, treatment of Juniperus procera". The Plant List; Version 1. (published on the internet). Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew and Missouri Botanical Garden. 2010. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
  4. 1 2 GRIN (August 12, 2010). "Juniperus procera information from NPGS/GRIN". Taxonomy for Plants. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland: USDA, ARS, National Genetic Resources Program. Retrieved March 1, 2013.
  5. ↑ (Page archived by the Wayback Machine). Christopher J. Earle (April 14, 2009). "The Gymnosperm Database – Juniperus procera". Retrieved March 1, 2013.
  6. ↑ Farjon, A. (2005). Monograph of Cupressaceae and Sciadopitys. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. ISBN 1-84246-068-4.
  7. ↑ Original description by Stephano Endlicher (1847). "Synopsis Coniferarum" (in Latin). Sangalli [together with] Scheitlin & Zollikofer. p. 26. Retrieved March 1, 2013. Schimper Herb. Abyssin. II. n. 537
  8. ↑ http://database.prota.org/dbtw-wpd/exec/dbtwpub.dll?ac=qbe_query&bu=http://database.prota.org/search.htm&tn=protab~1&qb0=and&qf0=Species+Code&qi0=Juniperus+procera&rf=Webdisplay

Further reading

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