James Henderson Blount

James Henderson Blount
Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Georgia's 6th district
In office
March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1893
Preceded by William P. Price
Succeeded by Thomas B. Cabaniss
Personal details
Born (1837-09-12)September 12, 1837
Clinton, Jones County, Georgia
Died March 8, 1903(1903-03-08) (aged 65)
Macon, Bibb County, Georgia
Political party Democratic
Alma mater University of Georgia
Occupation Lawyer
Military service
Service/branch Confederate States Army, United States Army
Years of service 4 years

James Henderson Blount (September 12, 1837 – March 8, 1903) was an American statesman, soldier and congressman from Georgia. He opposed the annexation of Hawaii in 1893 in his investigation into the alleged American involvement in the political revolution in the Kingdom of Hawai'i. Blount was a prominent spokesman for white supremacy and strongly opposed adding a new non-white element to the American population.[1]

Early life

Blount was born near Clinton, Jones County, Georgia. He attended private schools there and in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. He graduated from the University of Georgia at Athens in 1858. He studied law and was admitted to the Georgia bar in 1859. During the American Civil War he served in the Confederate States Army as a private in the Second Georgia Battalion, Floyd Rifles for two years, and was later lieutenant colonel for two years.

Political career

Blount served in the United States Congress representing the sixth district of Georgia from 1873 to 1893. He was Chairman of the House Committee on Foreign Relations (1891–1893).

Hawai'i

After a coup overthrew Queen Lili'uokalani of Hawai'i in early 1893, the new government sought annexation to join the United States. President Benjamin Harrison was supportive and sent a treaty to the Senate. His successor, President Grover Cleveland, a Democrat like Blount, opposed annexation and sent Blount, now a private citizen, to investigate. The report he issued on July 17, 1893 is known as the Blount Report.

Blount recommended the rejection of annexation, and stated that the natives should be allowed to continue their Asiatic ways. When Blount blamed the U.S. consul for providing assistance for the overthrow, Cleveland proposed to use American military force to overthrow the new government by force and reinstall Liliuokalani as an absolute monarch. When the deposed Queen refused to grant amnesty as a condition of her reinstatement, she was accused of telling an American official she would "behead" the current government leaders and confiscate their property,[2] Cleveland washed his hands of the matter by referring it to Congress.

The U.S. Senate, under Democratic control but angered at being shut out of a major foreign policy issue by Cleveland, then produced its own report, written by Senator John Tyler Morgan, a Democrat, and known as the Morgan Report. It completely contradicted Blount's findings and found the revolution in Hawaii was a completely internal affair. Following the Turpie Resolution of May 1894, which vowed a policy of non-interference in Hawaiian affairs, Cleveland dropped all talk of reinstating the Queen, and went on to officially recognize and maintain diplomatic relations with the Republic of Hawaii. Other nations had already recognized the Republic. In 1898 the Republic again sought annexation, which with McKinley's strong support won Congressional approval.[3]

Death

Blount died at the age of 65 in Macon, Bibb County, Georgia, and was buried at the Rose Hill Cemetery in Macon, Georgia.

Notes

  1. ↑ Carole E. Scott, "Racism and Southern Anti-Imperialists: The Blounts of Georgia," Atlanta History June 1987, Vol. 31 Issue 3, pp 24-29.
  2. ↑ Warren Zimmermann, First Great Triumph: How Five Americans Made Their Country a World Power (2004) p 290
  3. ↑ Tennant S. McWilliams, "James H. Blount, the South, and Hawaiian Annexation." Pacific Historical Review 1988 57(1): 25-46. in Jstor; Davis R. Dewey, National Problems: 1880–1897 (1907),ch 19 pp 297-304 is online at

References

Wikimedia Commons has media related to James Henderson Blount.
United States House of Representatives
Preceded by
William P. Price		 Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
from Georgia's 6th congressional district
March 4, 1873 – March 3, 1893 		Succeeded by
Thomas B. Cabaniss
Diplomatic posts
Preceded by
John L. Stevens		 United States Minister to Hawaii
1893 		Succeeded by
Albert Sydney Willis
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