International 14

The International 14 is 14-foot double-handed racing dinghy. The class originated in England in the early part of the 20th century. It is sailed and raced in many countries around the world and was one of the very first true international racing dinghy classes recognised by International Sailing Federation. It is a Development Class being controlled by a set of rules that allow for innovation and changes in hull and rig design as long as they fall within a set of specific limitations such as length, weight, beam, and sail area. The class has permitted its rules to be revised at various times in its history in order to keep the class at the forefront of dinghy racing development and can now best be described as an ultralight dual-trapeze sailing dinghy with large sail area. It is often raced with boats of similar design in one-design, or non-handicap races.

History

There are essentially four periods in the class' history:

Displacement

The displacement style, is also known as the "Before Uffa Fox Era".

Planing

Planing, which started with Uffa Fox and his deep-chested hulls, (boats named Avenger, and Alarm were quintessential examples) which were broad aft with nearly straight buttocks, and narrow forward with a deep vee; another notable boat was Windsprite, designed and built in cold-moulded plywood by Austin Farrar at Woolverstone, Suffolk, in the early 1950s, whose distinctive hull shape was emulated later in the International 505 dinghy. One of the most famous International 14s was Thunder and Lightning, sail number 409. Built in 1938 by Uffa Fox, she was sailed to victory by John Winter and Peter Scott in the Prince of Wales Cup that year. The crew was helped considerably by the revolutionary use of an early form of trapeze, which was considered unsporting by the racing authorities of the day and promptly banned. Thunder and Lightning is now based at the National Maritime Museum Cornwall.

Trapeze

Trapeze planing, which came about decades later, when the trapeze was finally legalized in the class (it had been tried by Uffa and others in the 1930s but was banned); during this evolutionary period larger ballast tanks were permitted by the class rules that greatly improved the ability of crews to recover from capsizes; the period also saw the introduction of multi-chined boats that were radically different in hull shape from the earlier carvel-built and molded-plywood designs;

Double-trapeze

Double-trapeze super-planing, which has gone through a number of evolutions. The concept was developed in Australia and New Zealand, and influenced the design of the high-powered but lightweight Australian 18. This form of the boat really started to take form in the early 80's (but with only one trapeze) as the minimum weight was lowered and upwind planing became possible.

Contemporary boats weigh as little as 165 lb, and have as typical equipment a retractable spinnaker pole, unlimited asymmetric spinnaker size, 200sq ft mainsail and jib area, a fully battened mainsail, an adjustable carbon rig, and a hydrofoil rudder that allows the boat to be trimmed fore and aft for different conditions, and as a drag reduction device.

Since this is a development class, older boats have been obsoleted through rules changes. Many of the older boats still race in fleets of similar boats. Penultimates, also known as 'Pennies' are boats that feature much of the same technology as modern boats but are from prior to the 1996 merger between the International 14 and Aussie 14 classes. Classic boats are boats prior to 1984 and feature a symmetric spinnaker, single trapeze, and many feature cold molded wooden hulls.

Events

Fleet Racing World Championships

Year	Gold	Silver	Bronze
1979 Long Beach	United States John Gallagher Dave Gallagher
1981 Annapolis	Canada Frank McLaughlin John Millen
1983 Itchenor	Canada James Kidd Hugh Kidd
1985 Kingston	Canada James Kidd Hugh Kidd
1987 Inawashiro	Canada James Hartley Ian Tillett
1989 San Francisco	Canada Neal McDonald Duncan McDonald
1991 Torbay	Canada Martin Jones Duncan McDonald
1993 Kingston	Great Britain Ian Walker Chris Fox
1995 Vallensbæk	Great Britain Roddy Bridge Adam Goodchild
1997 Richmond	Great Britain Charles Stanley Mo Gray	Great Britain Roddy Bridge Adam Goodchild	Australia Grant Geddes Craig Watkin
1999 Sandringham	Australia Grant Geddes Craig Watkin	Great Britain Charles Stanley Mo Gray	United States Zach Berkowitz Karl Baldauf
2000 Beer	United States Kris Bundy Jamie Hanseler	Great Britain Colin Goodman James Storey	Great Britain Zeb Elliott Dan Johnson
2001 Hamilton	United States Zach Berkowitz Trevor Baylis	Great Britain Zeb Elliott Tim Hancock	United States Kris Bundy Jamie Hanseler
2003 Wakayama	Great Britain Rog Greenhalgh Dan Johnson	United States Zach Berkowitz Mike Martin	Great Britain Archie Massey George Nurton
2005 Auckland	Australia Lindsey Irwin Andrew Perry	Great Britain Stevie Morrison Ben Rhodes	Great Britain James Fawcett Dave Dobrijevic
2006 Long Beach	United States Howard Hamlin Euan McNicol	Canada Tina Baylis Trevor Baylis	United States Samuel Kahn Paul Allen
2008 Warnemünde	Great Britain Archie Massey Matt Noble	Great Britain Jarrod Simpson Grant Rollerson	Australia Alexander Dave Cameron McDonald
2013 Toronto [3]	Great Britain Archie Massey Dan Wilsdon	Great Britain Sam Pascoe Alex Knight	Great Britain Andy FitzGerald Richard Dobson
2015 Geelong [4]	Great Britain Glen Truswell Sam Pascoe	Great Britain Ben McGrane James Hughes	Australia Brad Devine Ian Furlong

Team Racing World Championships

Year	Gold	Silver	Bronze
2013 Toronto	Great Britain 1	Australia	Canada 1
2015 Geelong [5]	Australia 1	Australia 2	North America

See also

• Jack Holt
• Phil Morrison
• John Millen
• History of the Fourteens Part 4 - The Years of Challenge.

References

1. ↑ http://www.international14.org/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2&Itemid=20
2. ↑ "Portsmouth Number List 2012". Royal Yachting Association. Retrieved 31 July 2012. 
3. ↑ http://i14.ca/worlds/wp-content/uploads/2013/09/2013-I14-World-Championships_Results_RaceFive-Finals.pdf
4. ↑ http://www.i14worlds2015.com/
5. ↑ http://www.i14worlds2015.com/

External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to International 14.

• International 14 Class website
• The Class History
• ISAF International 14 Microsite
• Canadian i14 Fleet Website
• National Maritime Museum Cornwall website