Information gap task

An information gap task is a technique in language teaching where students are missing information necessary to complete a task or solve a problem, and must communicate with their classmates to fill in the gaps.^[1] It is often used in communicative language teaching and task-based language learning. Information gap tasks are contrasted with opinion gap tasks, in which all information is shared at the start of the activity, and learners give their own opinions on the information given.^[2]

Examples

Two almost-identical cartoons, side-by-side, of an old lady looking on while a young child decorates a pink cake

An example of a spot-the-difference activity

One example of an information gap task is a spot-the-difference activity.^[1] Another is an activity where one student is given a picture, and must describe it to another student, who creates a drawing from the description.^[3] Further examples are students sharing information to complete a class timetable, and an activity where students must share information about their families and then draw each others' family trees.^[3]

Testing

Information gap tasks are also used to test language ability. According to Underhill, these kind of tasks have the advantage that they produce concrete evidence of communicative competence, or of the lack of it, but the disadvantage of only testing the ability to communicate factual information.^[4] He goes on to say that with information gap tasks, care must be taken not to create a test which tests general problem-solving ability more than language fluency.^[4]

References

Bibliography

Ellis, Rod (2003). Task-Based Language Learning and Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-442159-1.
Larsen-Freeman, Diane (2000). Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. Oxford: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-435574-2.
Richards, Jack C.; Schmidt, Richard, eds. (2009). "Information gap". Longman Dictionary of Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics. New York: Longman. p. 282. ISBN 978-1-4082-0460-3.
Underhill, Nic (1987). Testing Spoken Language: A Handbook of Oral Testing Techniques. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-31276-9.

Language education

Methodology	Audio-lingual method Communicative language teaching Comprehension approach Community language learning Computer-assisted language learning Content-based instruction Direct Method Dogme language teaching Focal Skills Grammar–translation method Language immersion Lexical approach Michel Thomas Method Natural approach Silent way Suggestopedia Task-based language learning Total physical response TPR Storytelling Vocabulary development Whole language

Teaching techniques	Mother tongue mirroring Sandwich technique Back-chaining Dictogloss Information gap

Key concepts	Bilingual dictionary Critical period hypothesis English as a lingua franca Fossilization Interlanguage Language transfer Second-language acquisition World Englishes

Assessment	Language assessment Corrective feedback Competency evaluation DIALANG IELTS TOEFL TOEIC UCLES

Programs and organizations	English as a second or foreign language English for specific purposes TESOL

Key people	Betty Azar H. Douglas Brown Pit Corder Jim Cummins Rod Ellis Stephen Krashen Scott Thornbury

Statistics	List of countries where English is an official language List of countries by English-speaking population Most commonly learned foreign languages in the U.S. EF English Proficiency Index

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