Parya language
| Parya | |
|---|---|
| Парья | |
| Native to | Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Afghanistan |
| Region | Gissar Valley, Surkhandarya basin |
Native speakers |
3,000 in Tajikistan (2008)[1] 1,000 in Uzbekistan (no date)[2] extinct in Afghanistan (no date)[3] |
| Language codes | |
| ISO 639-3 |
paq |
| Glottolog |
pary1242[4] |
Parya (Russian: Парья язык) is a Central Indo-Aryan language spoken in parts of Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Tajuzbeki (or Tadj-Uzbeki) was an alternative name coined by Bholanath Tivari for the same language. Much of the academic research in documenting and characterizing this Indo-Aryan isolate language was done by prominent Soviet linguist I. M. Oranski.
Region and Genealogy
Parya is largely spoken in the border regions between Tajikistan and Uzbekistan, specifically in the towns of Hisor, Shahrinav, Regar/Tursunzoda and Surchi, located in the Hissor Valley of Tajikistan and the Surkhondaryo basin of Uzbekistan. It is based on the Brij Bhasha, Haryanvi and Rajasthani dialects, and is highly influenced by Uzbek, Tajik and Russian languages.[5][6]
There are about 2,500 speakers worldwide. Parya speakers are usually bilingual in Tajik, but tend to exclusively use Parya at home.[7]
Vigesimal counting
Parya employs some vigesimal numeral counting patterns, though the base words used are Hindi.[8][9]
| English | Parya | Hindi | Hindi root words |
|---|---|---|---|
| One | Jek | Ek | |
| Two | Du | Do | |
| Three | Tin | Tin | |
| Four | Tshar | Char | |
| Five | Pandzh | Panch | |
| Ten | Dus | Das | |
| Twenty | Bis | Bis | |
| Seventy | Sare tin bisi | Sattar | Sarhe tin = three and a half; bis = twenty |
| Ninety | Sare char bisi | Nabbe | Sarhe char = four and a half; bis = twenty |
References
- ↑ Parya at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
- ↑ Languages of Uzbekistan at Lewis, M. Paul, ed. (2009). Ethnologue: Languages of the World (16th ed.). Dallas, Texas: SIL International.
- ↑ Parya language at Ethnologue (17th ed., 2013)
- ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Parya". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
- ↑ Bholanath Tivari, "Soviet Sangh mein boli jane vali Hindi boli: Tajuzbeki : Aitihasik aur tulanatmak adhyayan tatha sankshipt shabdkosh" or "Tajuzbeki: The Hindi of the Soviet Union: A historical and comparative study, and glossary", National Publishing House, 1970
- ↑ Tatiana Oranskaia, "Parya yazyk", Yazyki Rossiyskoy Federatsii i sosednix gosudarstv. Entsiklopediya. V tryox tomax. II K-R. Moskva: "Nauka"; 2001
- ↑ Barbara F. Grimes, Richard Saunders Pittman, Joseph Evans Grimes, "Ethnologue: Languages of the World", Summer Institute of Linguistics, 1996; ISBN 0-88312-815-2, ISBN 978-0-88312-815-2
- ↑ Jadranka Gvozdanović, "Numeral types and changes worldwide", Walter de Gruyter, 1999; ISBN 3-11-016113-3, ISBN 978-3-11-016113-7
- ↑ Iosef Mikhailovich Oranski, "Dva indoariyski dialekta iz Srednei Azii", Indiyskaya i Iranskaya Filologiya; Institut Narodov Azii, Nauka, 1964.