Sierra Otomi

Sierra Otomi
Highland Otomi
Yųhų
Native to Mexico
Region Puebla, Veracruz, Hidalgo
Native speakers
 (72,000 cited 1990–2007)[1]
Oto-Manguean
Official status
Regulated by Secretaría de Educación Pública
Language codes
ISO 639-3 Variously:
otm – Eastern Highland
otx – Texcatepec
otn – Tenango
Glottolog east2556  (Eastern Highland)[2]
texc1235  (Texcatepec)[3]
tena1241  (Tenango)[4]

Sierra Otomi AKA Highland Otomi (Otomi de la Sierra) is a dialect cluster of the Otomi language spoken in Mexico by ca. 70,000 people in the highlands of Eastern Hidalgo, Western Veracruz and Northern Puebla. The speakers themselves call the language Yųhų (Eastern Highland) or Ñųhų (Texcatepec and Tenango).[5] Lastra 2001 classifies it as an Eastern Otomi language together with Ixtenco Otomi, Tilapa Otomi, and Acazulco Otomi. The three varieties of Sierra Otomi—Eastern Highland, Texcatepec, and Tenango—are above 70% lexically similar; the Eastern Highland dialects are above 80%, and will be considered here.

Distribution

Municipalities with significant Sierra Otomi populations include the following (Dow 2005:236). Many of these municipalities also have Tepehua, Totonac, and Nahuatl speakers.

Phonology

The phonemic inventory given below is based on the particular phonology of the Otomi de la Sierra dialect as documented by Voigtlander and Echegoyen (1985), phonemic inventories of other dialects vary slightly from that of Otomi de la Sierra.

Consonants

Bilabial Dental Alveolar Palatal Velar Glottal
Nasal m n
Plosive p b t d k ɡ ʔ
Fricative ɸ θ ʃ ɸ h
Affricate ts dz
Flap ɾ
Approximant j w

Vowels

Front Central Back
oral nasal oral nasal oral nasal
Close
(high)		 i ĩ ʉ u i
Open Mid e ø õ
Mid ɛ ɛ̃ ɔ
Open
(low)		 ɑ ɑ̃

Notes

  1. ↑ Eastern Highland at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Texcatepec at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
    Tenango at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Eastern Highland Otomi". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Texcatepec Otomi". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  4. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Tenango Otomi". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  5. ↑ Lastra 2006 p 57, Wright Carr 2005

References

  • Dow, James W. 2005. "The Sierra Ñähñu (Otomí)." In Sandstrom, Alan R., and Enrique Hugo García Valencia. 2005. Native peoples of the Gulf Coast of Mexico. Tucson: University of Arizona Press.
Voigtlander, Katherine; Artemisa Echegoyen (1985). Luces Contemporaneas del Otomi: Grámatica del Otomi de la Sierra (in Spanish). Mexico, D.F.: Instituto Lingüístico de Verano. 
Wright Carr, David Charles (2005a). "Precisiones sobre el término "otomí"" (PDF). Arqueología mexicana. 13 (73): 19. Archived from the original (PDF) on November 8, 2005. Retrieved 2006-12-06.  (Spanish)
Lastra, Yolanda (2006). Los Otomies - Su lengua y su historia (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Instituto de investigaciones Antropológicas. ISBN 9789703233885. 
Lastra, Yolanda (2001). Unidad y diversidad de la lengua. Relatos otomíes (in Spanish). Universidad Nacional Autonoma de México, Instituto de investigaciones Antropológicas. ISBN 968-36-9509-4. 
Otomian
Pamean
Italics indicate extinct languages
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