Ndau dialect

Not to be confused with Ndao language or Pendau language.
Ndau
Region Mozambique, Zimbabwe
Native speakers
 2.4 million (2000–2006)[1]
Official status
Official language in
 Zimbabwe
Language codes
ISO 639-3 ndc
Glottolog ndau1241[2]
S.15[3]

Ndau (also called chiNdau, Chindau, Ndzawu, Njao, Sofala, Southeast Shona, Chidanda) is a Bantu language spoken in Southern Africa (Mozambique and Zimbabwe). It is spoken by people from the region of Chipinge (Zimbabwe). Some consider it one of the Shona dialects, even though some of its vocabulary is very similar to that of Ndebele and it often can sound very different from basic Shona.[4]

At least some speakers have a bilabial nasal click where neighboring dialects have /mw/, as in mwana 'child'.[5][6]

Sample text

The chiNdau language as a member of the shona group of languages shows some similarities with other shona languages being more similar to eastern shona languages. It is partially intelligible with standard shona although speakers of other shona languages may find it difficult to understand. Reading the chiNdau phrase below (Lord's Prayer), differences from the Shona language are relatively minor, but certainly present:

Baba edu ari mudenga, ngariremeredzwe zina renyu. UMambo hwenyu ngahuuye. Kuda kwenyu ngakuitwa munyika kudai ngomudenga. Tipei nege kurya kwedu kwatinotama nyamashi. Tirekererei ndaa dzedu kudai tisu takarekerera avo vane ndaa kwetiri. Usatipinza mukuedzwa, asi tinunure kuno uwo wakashata.

The equivalent paragraph in 'Standard Shona' is:

Baba vedu vari kudenga, zita renyu ngarikudziwe. UMambo hwenyu ngahwuuye. Kuda kwenyu ngakuitwe pasi sokudenga. Tipei nhasi kudya kwedu kwakwezuva. Tiregererei zvatinokutadzirai sekuregerera kwatinoita vakatitadzira. Musatipinze mukuedzwa, asi mutinunure mune zvakaipa.

Alphabet

While the mainstream Shona language excludes L, Q and X from its alphabet, it is not the same with the Ndau language as shown by the examples below:

  1. Mainstream Shona "Akatizira and the Ndau version Akafohla: 'L' is used in the digraph hl for the sound [ɬ].
  2. Mainstream Shona "kuridza tsamwa and the Ndau version kuxapa: 'X' is used for the click consonant [ǁ].
  3. Mainstream Shona "Kurara and the Ndau version Kuqambaya: 'Q' is used for the click consonant [ǃ].

These sounds have been acquired from neighboring Nguni languages.

References

  1. ↑ Ndau at Ethnologue (18th ed., 2015)
  2. ↑ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian, eds. (2016). "Ndau". Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History.
  3. ↑ Jouni Filip Maho, 2009. New Updated Guthrie List Online
  4. ↑ Lester Weiner teacher in Southern Rhodesia, 1956-1965
  5. ↑ Norval Smith, Harry Van Der Hulst, 1988. Features, Segmental Structure & Harmony Processes, vol. 1, p. 198
  6. ↑ Daniel Jones, 1911. The pronunciation and orthography of the Chindau language.


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