Hochschule

	Pronunciation of Hochschule
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Hochschule (German pronunciation: [ˈhoːχˌʃuːlə], plural: Hochschulen) is the generic term in German for the institutions of tertiary education, corresponding to universities and colleges in English. The word Hochschule is recently used for the older term Fachhochschule the English translation ist university of applied sciences.

The term Universität (plural: Universitäten) is reserved for institutions with the right to confer doctorates. In contrast, Hochschule encompasses Universitäten as well as institutions that are not authorized to confer doctorates.^[1]

Roughly equivalent terms to Hochschule are used in some other European countries, such as högskola in Scandinavia, and főiskola (literally "main school") in Hungary, as well as in post-Soviet countries (deriving from высшее учебное заведение), in Central Europe, in Bulgaria (висше училище) and Romania.

Generic term

The term Hochschule can be used to refer to all institutions of higher education in Germany that confer academic degrees like specialized (primarily vocational or technical) universities, colleges in the Anglo-American education systems, or university colleges. German art schools (Kunsthochschulen) have the same formal academic status as universities, while other institutions like Fachhochschulen usually differ.^[2]

Specialised term

In recent years, Hochschule has increasingly become the term for institutions of higher education without full university status, i.e. for institutions that:

• do not cover a large diversity of academic fields, but focus on certain areas;
• do not have the right to award doctorates, but bachelor's degrees and master's degrees.

Institutions that are called Hochschule meet one or more of these criteria, which differentiate them from a full Universität (university).

Hochschulen are similar in mission to specialized colleges or academies (e.g., of arts) in English-speaking countries. Other German terms for this type of institution are Hochschule für angewandte Wissenschaften (university of applied sciences, institute of technology) or Fachhochschule (FH).

In most German states, a Berufsakademie is not a Hochschule by either of the definitions because the bachelor's degrees conferred by such are professional degrees, which are de jure not academic degrees. However the state of Baden-Württemberg, from where this type of tertiary sector education originally emerged, has recently elevated these institutions to the status of a Hochschule as Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State University. The degrees awarded by the latter are academic degrees and equivalent to those awarded by Fachhochschulen and universities.^[3]

Notes and references