Hitler and Mannerheim recording

Adolf Hitler, Gustaf Mannerheim, and President Risto Ryti in front of Hitler's private converted plane.

The Hitler and Mannerheim Recording is a secret voice recording of a private conversation between Adolf Hitler and Baron Carl Gustaf Emil Mannerheim, Marshal of Finland and Commander-in-Chief of the Finnish Defence Forces, during a secret visit honoring Mannerheim's 75th birthday on 4 June 1942. Thor Damen, an engineer for the Finnish broadcasting company Yle, succeeded in recording the first eleven minutes of Hitler's and Mannerheim's private conversation. Since Hitler never allowed anyone to record him off-guard, it had to be done secretly. Damen's original purpose was to record official birthday speeches and Mannerheim's responses. However, Damen decided to continue recording after the conversation switched from official to private.

The SS realized that Damen was recording the conversation, and they immediately demanded to have it stopped. The SS were furious, but Yle was allowed to keep the tape hidden away, never to be opened. The tape was given to head of the state censors' office, Kustaa Vilkuna, returned to Yle in 1957, and made publicly available a few years later. It is the only known recording of Hitler speaking in an unofficial tone and one of the very few recordings in which Hitler may be heard delivering a narrative without raising his voice.

The conversation is about Hitler explaining the failure of Operation Barbarossa, Italian defeats in North Africa, Yugoslavia, and Albania, armaments in the Soviet Union, and Romanian petroleum wells.

Visit by Hitler

Interior of the saloon coach where the recording was made.

In June 1941, Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union. Despite the initial and overwhelming success of the campaign, the Soviets managed to repulse the German assault on Moscow and stall the entire German advance.[1][2][3] Hitler needed his allies to tie down as much of the enormous Soviet military machine as possible.[4] In 1942, Hitler, under extreme secrecy, visited Finland, officially to congratulate Mannerheim on his birthday.[5][2] However, Mannerheim did not wish to greet Hitler at his headquarters, as it would have looked like a state visit.[6] Therefore, the meeting occurred at Imatra in Southern Finland.[7] At Immola Airfield, Hitler was greeted and accompanied by President Ryti, and other military and state officials, to Mannerheim's personal train, where a birthday meal and negotiations took place.[5][2]

Microphone

After the official greetings and speeches had taken place, Hitler and Mannerheim, accompanied by other German and Finnish officials, entered Mannerheim's private wagon for cigars, drinks, and lunch.[6] In this wagon, a plainly visible and large microphone, set up by Finnish sound engineer, Thor Damen, succeeded in recording the first eleven minutes of Hitler's private conversation with Mannerheim.[6] Damen had been given the assignment to record Hitler's official speech and birthday message to Mannerheim. Since no one had told Hitler the microphone was still recording after the official speeches, Damen decided to continue recording the now private conversation.[5][2] However, after some eleven minutes, the SS guards realized what Damen was doing, and demanded that he stop recording immediately, and made a gesture suggesting cutting the throat.[5][6][2] The SS guards demanded the tape be destroyed, but Yle was allowed to keep the tape in a sealed container, promising never to open it again.[6][2]

Authenticity

After the tape was revealed to the public, some believed it was a fake because Hitler's voice sounded too soft.[5] Photographs taken on the day of the event showed that Hitler had been drinking alcohol, which could have affected his voice as he rarely drank alcohol.[8] After listening to the recording, Rochus Misch, Hitler's former bodyguard and radio operator, said:

"He is speaking normally, but I'm having problems with the tone; the intonation isn't quite right. Sometimes it seems okay, but at other points not. I have the feeling it's someone mimicking Hitler... It really sounds as if someone is mimicking him."[5]
— Rochus Misch

The BKA (the German Federal Criminal Police Office) later made an examination of the tape, and head of frequencies Dr. Stefan Gfroerer declared, "It is very obvious to us that this is Hitler's voice."[5]

Influence

The carriage where the meeting took place.

Mannerheim's saloon coach where the meeting took place is displayed outside a Shell service station by the Finnish national road 12 in Sastamala. It has been open to the public since 1969.[9]

The recording was used by Swiss actor Bruno Ganz as he was rehearsing Hitler's manner of speaking for his role in the 2004 film Downfall.[10]

See also

Notes

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  1. ↑ Reinhardt 1992, p. 227.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Chapman, Clare (15 October 2004). "Finnish Radio To Air Unique Hitler Recording"". The Guardian. Retrieved 15 June 2014.
  3. ↑ Glantz, David M. (11 October 2001). The Soviet-German War 1941-1945: Myths and Realities: A Survey Essay. A Paper Presented as the 20th Anniversary Distinguished Lecture at the Strom Thurmond Institute of Government and Public Affairs. Clemson University.
  4. ↑ Virkkunen 1994, p. 41
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Hitler's Secret Voice Recording". National Geographic. Retrieved 2014-12-03.
  6. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 "Conversation Secretly Recorded in Finland Helped German Actor Prepare for Hitler Role". Helsingin Sanomat. Retrieved 2014-24-04.
  7. ↑ Weinberg 1980, p. 195
  8. ↑ Dietrich 2010, p. 171.
  9. ↑ "Marskin Salonkivaunu" (in Finnish). Kiskokabinetti. Retrieved 10 September 2014.
  10. ↑ "Conversation secretly recorded in Finland helped German actor prepare for Hitler role". Helsingin Sanomat. 15 September 2004. Retrieved 10 September 2014.

References

External links

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