Harvey Johnson (reverend)

Harvey Johnson
Born	(1843-08-04)August 4, 1843 Fauquier County, Virginia
Died	January , 1923(1923-01-00) Baltimore, Maryland
Occupation	Reverend
Known for	Civil Rights activism

Harvey Johnson (August 4, 1843 – January 1923) was a leading African American pastor, activist, and longtime leader of the Union Baptist Church during the 19th century and early 20th century.

Personal life

Johnson was born in Fauquier County, Virginia to Harriet and Thomas Johnson, who were held in slavery and worked on a plantation. Once his parents were freed, they migrated to Alexandria, Virginia. Following the war, Alexandria's black population grew and a number of institutions were created. One that stood out in particular to Harvey and his parents, was the Alfred Street Baptist Church.

Johnson completed four years of college and graduated from Washington, D. C.’s Wayland Seminary in 1868, with honors. Johnson married Amelia E. Hall on April 17, 1877. She was an Afro- Canadian born in Montreal in 1868. Amelia met Reverend Harvey Johnson in Baltimore after her family had relocated to Baltimore in 1874. The two married a few years later. Amelia born three children by Harvey, two sons Harvey Jr. and Prentiss, and a daughter named Jessie E. They remained married until her death during the spring of 1922. ^[1]

Religious background

Growing up, Reverend Johnson was always highly involved in the church, so he focused on becoming a minister. Following college he begin going around teaching the ministry. His time came, in 1872 when Reverend William P. Thompson died at the age of thirty-two, Johnson became the head of Baltimore Union Church. ^[2] Since he became the pastor the church has went from 250 members to 2200+ members. In which he served for the rest of his life (fifty years) until his death in January 1923. For Baltimore this marked the end of a leadership era. ^[3]

Professional career

He embarked on a career filed with spiritual and civil rights expansion. Also serving the black community. He set his sights on gaining equality for all black ministers by growing the number of black people in Baptist churches and raising their pay. He accomplished this by creating many unions between other churches. To combat discrimination Johnson focused on economic independence and institutional autonomy. This consisted of him urging black congregations to break from the hold of white finances and break away from the Union Association.^[4]

Civil rights involvement

Johnson owned and led a Union Baptist house. In the 1880s, he became one of the most important African American leaders in the civil rights protector. This was in the time where a wave of “redemption” came toward the South and the civil right protections became lost. Some black folks went to court, believing they had rights that shouldn’t be taken away. Johnson collected five people in 1885 whom were Baptist colleagues. Among the few was J.C. Allen of the First Baptist Church. Rev. Johnson called the meeting to put an end to the problem of not being treated fairly. He discussed the Reconstruction Era which resulted in the development of a civil rights organization called the Mutual United Brotherhood of Liberty of the United States (MUBL). This organization ran by Johnson pledged "to use all legal means within our power to procure and maintain our rights as citizens of this our common country." ^[5]

Two offices were established in 1885 of the MUBL and a three-day conference was held on the black civil rights discussion. Frederick Douglass even attended the conference. Not only did Johnson found the MUBL, but also the Colored Baptist Convention of Maryland (1898). He came up with a plan to make progress in the racial issues in Baltimore known as the “Texas Purchase Movement”. This movement called for separation of each races of the U.S. and blacks moving to Texas (the independent state).

Contributions to the legal community

Johnson paved the way in the legal community by being a civil rights activist and helping a few law firms defend blacks who had their rights taken away. Of the few law firms, included the MUBL law firm established in the 1870s that took on many cases of inequality affairs. Johnson and the MUBL law firm took on cases that included the absence of black jury members, deterioration of black teachers from public city schools, and the dehumanizing codes effecting black women. The legal team helped over a hundred African Americans gain back their rights/ equality. Johnson’s efforts shaped the legal strategy of the lawyers in the MUBL, NAACP and Thurgood Marshall. The first public high-school for Negros was built in America called the Frederick Douglass Senior High School located in West Baltimore.^[6]

References

External links

• Rev. Harvey Johnson House – Explore Baltimore Heritage
• Rev. Dr. Harvey Johnson: The Preacher & 19th Century Activism 1843-1923 (Maryland State Archives)