Haplogroup HV (mtDNA)

Haplogroup HV
Possible time of origin 25000-30000 YBP
Possible place of origin Near East or Caucasus[1]
Ancestor R0
Descendants HV0, HV1, HV2, HV3, HV4, HV5, H
Defining mutations T14766C[2]

Haplogroup HV is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup.

Origin

Haplogroup HV derives from the haplogroup R0, which in turn descends from haplogroup R. HV is also the ancestral haplogroup to haplogroup H and haplogroup V.

Distribution

Haplogroup HV is found mainly in Western Asia, Southern Europe, Eastern Europe and North Africa.

In Africa, the clade peaks among Egyptians inhabiting El-Hayez oasis (14.3%).[3] The haplogroup is, however, generally more frequent toward the northwest, with the HV0 subclade occurring among Mozabite Berbers (8.24%),[4] Libyans (7.4%),[5] Reguibate Sahrawi (6.48%),[4] Zenata Berbers (5.48%),[4] and Algerians (4.84% total; 2.15%-3.75% in Oran).[4]

A 2003 study was published reporting on the mtDNA sequencing of the bones of two 24,000-year-old anatomically modern humans of the Cro-Magnon type from southern Italy. The study showed one was of either haplogroup HV or R0.[6]

Subclades

Tree

This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup HV subclades is based on the paper by van Oven 2009[2] and Malyarchuk et al. 2008.[1]

HV0 and HVSI C16298T

Defining mutation C/T at location 16298 in segment I one of the hypervariable segment is labeled as HV0 as of 2012. The percentage of people that tested positive for the above mutation in a study of western European populations in 2002 is given below.[8]

Population #No % of population
Finland 50 12
Norway 323 4
Scotland 874 4
England 262 3
North Germany 140 6
South Germany 266 5
France 213 3
Galicia 135 5
North Portugal 184 7
Central Portugal 162 3
South Portugal 196 4
North Africa 349 5

In a study of Russian and Polish populations the percentage of people who tested positive for this mutation was five percent for both populations.[9]

Population #No Percentage
Polish 436 5
Russian 201 5

A study of Iraqis summarized a number of previous studies showing low levels of this mutation amongst Middle Eastern and Italian populations.[10]

Population #No % of population
Iraqi 216 0.5
Syrian 69 2.9
Georgian 139 0.7
Italian 99 5.1

This mutation has been detected in ancient DNA obtained from one of nineteen human remains excavated on the island of Gotland, Sweden, dated to 2,800-2,000 BC and archaeologically classified as belonging to the Pitted Ware culture.[11]

See also

Phylogenetic tree of human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroups

  Mitochondrial Eve (L)    
L0 L1–6
L1 L2 L3   L4 L5 L6
  M   N  
CZ D E G Q   O A S   R   I W X Y
C Z B F R0   pre-JT P  U
HV JT K
H V J T

References

  1. 1 2 Malyarchuk, B.; Grzybowski, T.; Derenko, M.; Perkova, M.; Vanecek, T.; Lazur, J.; Gomolcak, P.; Tsybovsky, I. (2008). "Mitochondrial DNA Phylogeny in Eastern and Western Slavs". Molecular Biology and Evolution. 25 (8): 1651–8. doi:10.1093/molbev/msn114. PMID 18477584.
  2. 1 2 Van Oven, Mannis; Kayser, Manfred (2009). "Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation". Human Mutation. 30 (2): E386–94. doi:10.1002/humu.20921. PMID 18853457.
  3. ↑ Martina Kujanova; Luisa Pereira; Veronica Fernandes; Joana B. Pereira; Viktor Cerny (2009). "Near Eastern Neolithic Genetic Input in a Small Oasis of the Egyptian Western Desert". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 140 (2): 336–346. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21078. PMID 19425100.
  4. 1 2 3 4 Asmahan Bekada; Lara R. Arauna; Tahria Deba; Francesc Calafell; Soraya Benhamamouch; David Comas (September 24, 2015). "Genetic Heterogeneity in Algerian Human Populations". PLoS ONE. 10 (9). doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0138453. Retrieved 28 April 2016.; S5 Table
  5. ↑ Karima Fadhlaoui-Zid; Laura Rodríguez-Botigué; Nejib Naoui; Amel Benammar-Elgaaied; Francesc Calafell; David Comas (May 2011). "Mitochondrial DNA structure in North Africa reveals a genetic discontinuity in the Nile Valley" (PDF). American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 145 (1): 107–117. doi:10.1002/ajpa.21472. Retrieved 20 April 2016.
  6. ↑ Caramelli, D; Lalueza-Fox, C; Vernesi, C; Lari, M; Casoli, A; Mallegni, F; Chiarelli, B; Dupanloup, I; et al. (2003). "Evidence for a genetic discontinuity between Neandertals and 24,000-year-old anatomically modern Europeans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 100 (11): 6593–7. Bibcode:2003PNAS..100.6593C. doi:10.1073/pnas.1130343100. PMC 164492Freely accessible. PMID 12743370.
  7. ↑ Haplogroup HV Ian Logan's Mitochondrial DNA Site 2009
  8. ↑ González, AM; Brehm, A; Pérez, JA; Maca-Meyer, N; Flores, C; Cabrera, VM (2003). "Mitochondrial DNA affinities at the Atlantic fringe of Europe". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 120 (4): 391–404. doi:10.1002/ajpa.10168. PMID 12627534.
  9. ↑ Malyarchuk, BA; Grzybowski, T; Derenko, MV; Czarny, J; Woźniak, M; Miścicka-Sliwka, D (2002). "Mitochondrial DNA variability in Poles and Russians". Annals of Human Genetics. 66 (Pt 4): 261–83. doi:10.1017/S0003480002001161 (inactive 2015-01-13). PMID 12418968.
  10. ↑ Al-Zahery, N; Semino, O; Benuzzi, G; Magri, C; Passarino, G; Torroni, A; Santachiara-Benerecetti, AS (2003). "Y-chromosome and mtDNA polymorphisms in Iraq, a crossroad of the early human dispersal and of post-Neolithic migrations". Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution. 28 (3): 458–72. doi:10.1016/S1055-7903(03)00039-3. PMID 12927131.
  11. ↑ Malmström, Helena; Gilbert, M. Thomas P.; Thomas, Mark G.; Brandström, Mikael; Storå, Jan; Molnar, Petra; Andersen, Pernille K.; Bendixen, Christian; et al. (2009). "Ancient DNA Reveals Lack of Continuity between Neolithic Hunter-Gatherers and Contemporary Scandinavians". Current Biology. 19 (20): 1758–62. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2009.09.017. PMID 19781941.

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