Halobacteriaceae

Halobacteriaceae
Scientific classification
Domain: Archaea
Kingdom: Euryarchaeota
Phylum: Euryarchaeota
Class: Halobacteria Grant et al. 2002
Order: Halobacteriales Grant and Larsen 1989
Family: Halobacteriaceae Gibbons 1974
Genera
  • Haladaptatus Savage et al. 2007 emend. Roh et al. 2010
  • Halalkalicoccus Xue et al. 2005
  • Halarchaeum Minegishi et al. 2010
  • Haloalcalophilium ♠ Lizama et al. 2000
  • Haloarcula Torreblanca et al. 1986 emend. Oren et al. 2009
  • Halobacterium Elazari-Volcani 1957 emend. Oren et al. 2009
  • Halobaculum Oren et al. 1995
  • Halobellus Cui et al. 2011
  • Halobiforma Hezayen et al. 2002 emend. Oren et al. 2009
  • Halococcus Schoop 1935 emend. Oren et al. 2009
  • Haloferax Torreblanca et al. 1986 emend. Oren et al. 2009
  • Halogeometricum Montalvo-Rodríguez et al. 1998 emend. Cui et al. 2010
  • Halogranum Cui et al. 2010 emend. Cui et al. 2011
  • Halolamina Cui et al. 2011
  • Halomarina Inoue et al. 2011
  • Halomicrobium Oren et al. 2002
  • Halonotius Burns et al. 2010
  • Halopelagius Cui et al. 2010
  • Halopiger Gutiérrez et al. 2007
  • Haloplanus Bardavid et al. 2007 emend. Cui et al. 2010
  • Haloquadratum Burns et al. 2007
  • Halorhabdus Wainø et al. 2000 emend. Antunes et al. 2008
  • Halorientalis Cui et al. 2011
  • Halorubrum McGenity and Grant 1996 emend. Oren et al. 2009
  • Halorussus ♠ Cui et al. 2010
  • Halosarcina Savage et al. 2008 emend. Cui et al. 2010
  • Halosimplex Vreeland et al. 2003
  • Halostagnicola Castillo et al. 2006
  • Haloterrigena Ventosa et al. 1999 emend. Oren et al. 2009
  • Halovivax Castillo et al. 2006
  • Natrialba Kamekura and Dyall-Smith 1996 emend. Oren et al. 2009
  • Natrinema McGenity et al. 1998 emend. Xin et al. 2000
  • Natronoarchaeum Shimane et al. 2010
  • Natronobacterium Tindall et al. 1984
  • Natronococcus Tindall et al. 1984
  • Natronolimnobius Itoh et al. 2005
  • Natronomonas Kamekura et al. 1997 emend. Burns et al. 2010
  • Natronorubrum Xu et al. 1999 emend. Oren et al. 2009
  • Salarchaeum Shimane et al. 2011

In taxonomy, the Halobacteriaceae are a family of the Halobacteriales in the domain Archaea.[1]

Overview

Halobacteriaceae are found in water saturated or nearly saturated with salt. They are also called halophiles, though this name is also used for other organisms which live in somewhat less concentrated salt water. They are common in most environments where large amounts of salt, moisture, and organic material are available. Large blooms appear reddish, from the pigment bacteriorhodopsin. This pigment is used to absorb light, which provides energy to create ATP. Halobacteria also possess a second pigment, halorhodopsin, which pumps in chloride ions in response to photons, creating a voltage gradient and assisting in the production of energy from light. The process is unrelated to other forms of photosynthesis involving electron transport; however, and halobacteria are incapable of fixing carbon from carbon dioxide.

Halobacteria can exist in salty environments because although they are aerobes, they have a separate and different way of creating energy through use of light energy. Parts of the membranes of halobacteria are purplish in color and contain retinal pigment. This allows them to create a proton gradient across the membrane of the cell which can be used to create ATP for their own use.

They have certain adaptations to live within their salty environments. For example, their cellular machinery is adapted to high salt concentrations by having charged amino acids on their surfaces, allowing the cell to keep its water molecules around these components. The osmotic pressure and these amino acids help to control the amount of salt within the cell. However, because of these adaptations, if the cell is placed in a wet, less salty environment, it is likely immediately burst from the osmotic pressure.

Phylogeny

The currently accepted taxonomy is based on the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)[2] and National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI)[3] and the phylogeny is based on 16S rRNA-based LTP release 106 by 'The All-Species Living Tree' Project.[4]

?Haloalcalophilium atacamensis ♠ Lizama et al. 2000

?Halobaculum gomorrense Oren et al. 1995

?Halobellus clavatus Cui et al. 2011

?Halolamina pelagica Cui et al. 2011

?Halorientalis regularis Cui et al. 2011

?Halorussus rarus ♠ Cui et al. 2010

?Salarchaeum japonicum Shimane et al. 2011

Halomarina oriensis Inoue et al. 2011

Natronomonas Kamekura et al. 1997 emend. Burns et al. 2010


?Halomicrobium zhouii ♣ Yang & Cui 2011


Halomicrobium mukohataei [type sp.] (Ihara et al. 1997) Oren et al. 2002

Halorhabdus Wainø et al. 2000 emend. Antunes et al. 2008

Halarchaeum acidiphilum Minegishi et al. 2010

Halobacterium Elazari-Volcani 1957 emend. Oren et al. 2009

Halosimplex carlsbadense Vreeland et al. 2003

Halomicrobium katesii Kharroub et al. 2008

Haloarcula Torreblanca et al. 1986 emend. Oren et al. 2009


Haladaptatus Savage et al. 2007 emend. Roh et al. 2010


Haloquadratum walsbyi Burns et al. 2007

Halopelagius inordinatus Cui et al. 2010

Halosarcina limi Cui et al. 2010

Halosarcina pallida Savage et al. 2008 [type sp.]

Halogeometricum Montalvo-Rodríguez et al. 1998 emend. Cui et al. 2010

Haloferax Torreblanca et al. 1986 emend. Oren et al. 2009

Halogranum Cui et al. 2010 emend. Cui et al. 2011


Halonotius pteroides Burns et al. 2010

Haloplanus Bardavid et al. 2007 emend. Cui et al. 2010

Halorubrum McGenity and Grant 1996 emend. Oren et al. 2009


Halalkalicoccus Xue et al. 2005

Halococcus Schoop 1935 emend. Oren et al. 2009

Natronoarchaeum mannanilyticum Shimane et al. 2010

Halovivax Castillo et al. 2006

Halopiger Gutiérrez et al. 2007


Halobiforma Hezayen et al. 2002 emend. Oren et al. 2009

Natronobacterium Tindall et al. 1984

Natronococcus Tindall et al. 1984

Haloterrigena species-group 1 [incl. Halorubrum trapanicum, Natrinema & Natronorubrum sediminis]

Haloterrigena species-group 2




Natronolimnobius Itoh et al. 2005

Natronorubrum Xu et al. 1999 emend. Oren et al. 2009

Natrialba [incl. Halostagnicola]















Notes:
♠ Strains found at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) but not listed in the List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (LPSN)
♣ International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology or International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology (IJSB/IJSEM) published species that are in press.

References

Further reading

Scientific journals

Scientific books

Scientific databases

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 12/4/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.