HMS Himalaya (1854)
 HMS Himalaya carrying Armstrong Guns to the Second Opium War, 1860, from the Illustrated London News | |
| History | |
|---|---|
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| Class and type: | Passenger ship |
| Name: | HMS Himalaya |
| Builder: | C. J. Mare & Co., Leamouth, London |
| Laid down: | 1852 |
| Launched: | 24 May 1853 |
| Acquired: | July 1854 |
| Renamed: | C60 in December 1895 |
| Reclassified: | Coal hulk, December 1895 |
| Fate: |
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| General characteristics | |
| Displacement: | 4,690 tons |
| Tons burthen: | 3,553 tons |
| Length: | 340 ft (100 m) |
| Beam: | 46 ft (14 m) |
| Propulsion: | Single expansion steam, single screw |
| Sail plan: | Full-rigged ship |
| Speed: |
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HMS Himalaya was ordered by the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company as SS Himalaya. She was purchased by the Royal Navy in 1854 and served with them until 1920. She was sunk in 1940.
The SS Himalaya was a 3,438 gross register ton iron steam screw passenger ship. When launched she was the largest ship in the P & O fleet and was not exceeded in size until the SS Australia of 1870.
Design and construction
Himalaya had been planned as a paddle steamer but that design was becoming outdated and she was altered to screw propulsion while she was still on the stocks, and she was fitted instead with a single two-bladed propeller of 18 feet diameter. She was also fitted with sails on three masts for use when the wind was favourable. She was laid down at the yards of C. J. Mare & Co., Leamouth, London in 1852 and launched on 24 May 1853. She could carry 200 first class passengers and required a crew of 213.[1]
Sale and commissioning
She proved to be a larger vessel than the passenger traffic demanded and coal was becoming more expensive with the advent of war in the Crimea in 1854, so P&O were happy to sell her to the British Government at her cost price of £130,000 in July 1854 for use as a troopship. The Royal Navy had built smaller vessels, so called frigates, during the 1840s, such as HMS Simoom, which had served as troopships when the idea of iron warships was discredited by live-firing trials. Himalaya was purchased during the Crimean War when there was a pressing need for troopships. The purchase was viewed with suspicion by naval experts. General Howard Douglas is reported to have predicted that she would have a short career.
Career and sinking
She served as a troopship for almost four decades, supporting operations during the Second Opium War, and carrying troops to India, South Africa, the Gold Coast, and North America. She was retired from trooping service in 1894 and became a coal hulk at Portland Harbour with the new name C60 in December 1895. She was sold out of the navy on 28 September 1920 to a private owner, E. W. Payne, and continued to be based in Portland Harbour, probably still as a coal hulk.
She continued in this role until the Second World War. She was sunk by air attack, by Junkers 87 dive bombers of the German Luftwaffe, on 12 June 1940.
References
- Colledge, J. J.; Warlow, Ben (2006) [1969]. Ships of the Royal Navy: The Complete Record of all Fighting Ships of the Royal Navy (Rev. ed.). London: Chatham Publishing. ISBN 978-1-86176-281-8. OCLC 67375475.
- Brown, D. K., Before the Ironclad: Development of Ship Design, Propulsion and Armament in the Royal Navy, 1815–1860. London: Conway, 1990. ISBN 0-85177-532-2
- "Shipbuilding and Marine Engineering on the Thames in the Victorian Era: No. XIV" (PDF). The Engineer. Vol. 85. 18 April 1898. pp. 253–254.
- HMS Himalaya information
- Low, Charles Rathbone. "A Memoire of Lieutenant-General Sir Garnet J. Wolseley" Vol. II 1878. p. 269.
| Records | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Great Britain |
World's largest passenger ship 1853 |
Succeeded by Atrato |