HIV salivary gland disease

Human immunodeficiency virus salivary gland disease (abbreviated to HIV-SGD,^[1] and also termed HIV-associated salivary gland disease),^[2] is swelling of the salivary glands and/or xerostomia in individuals infected with human immunodeficiency virus.

Signs and symptoms

Gradual enlargement of the major salivary glands, particularly the parotid glands.^[3] This swelling may be on one side or both sides, may cause disfigurement and may be painful.^[2]
Xerostomia (dry mouth) with no other cause such as a side effect of medications.^[2]

HIV-SGD may be the presenting sign of HIV infection.^[3] There may also be xerophthalmia (dry eyes) and arthralgia (joint pain), similar to Sjögren syndrome.^[3]

Epidemiology

HIV-SGD is more prevalent in HIV positive children than HIV positive adults,^[4] at about 19% and 1% respectively.^[1] Unlike other oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS such as Kaposi sarcoma, oral hairy leukoplakia and oral candidiasis, which decreased following the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), HIV-SGD has increased.^[2]

References

1 2 Burket LW; Greenberg MS; Michael Glick; Jonathan A. Ship (2008). Burket's Oral Medicine. PMPH-USA. pp. 207–208. ISBN 978-1-55009-345-2.
1 2 3 4 Jeffers, L; Webster-Cyriaque, JY (April 2011). "Viruses and salivary gland disease (SGD): lessons from HIV SGD.". Advances in Dental Research. 23 (1): 79–83. doi:10.1177/0022034510396882. PMC 3144046. PMID 21441486.
1 2 3 Witt RL (1 January 2011). Salivary Gland Diseases: Surgical and Medical Management. Thieme. pp. 60–61. ISBN 978-1-60406-537-4.
↑ Schiødt, M (February 1992). "HIV-associated salivary gland disease: a review.". Oral surgery, oral medicine, and oral pathology. 73 (2): 164–7. doi:10.1016/0030-4220(92)90189-w. PMID 1549310.

Oral and maxillofacial pathology (K00–K06, K11–K14, 520–525, 527–529)

Lips

Cheilitis Actinic Angular Plasma cell Cleft lip Congenital lip pit Eclabium Herpes labialis Macrocheilia Microcheilia Nasolabial cyst Sun poisoning Trumpeter's wart

Tongue

Ankyloglossia Black hairy tongue Caviar tongue Crenated tongue Cunnilingus tongue Fissured tongue Foliate papillitis Glossitis Geographic tongue Median rhomboid glossitis Transient lingual papillitis Glossoptosis Hypoglossia Lingual thyroid Macroglossia Microglossia Rhabdomyoma

Palate

Bednar's aphthae Cleft palate High-arched palate Palatal cysts of the newborn Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia Stomatitis nicotina Torus palatinus

Oral mucosa - Lining of mouth

Teeth (pulp, dentin, enamel)

Periodontium (gingiva, periodontal ligament, cementum, alveolus) - Gums and tooth-supporting structures

Periapaical, mandibular and maxillary hard tissues - Bones of jaws

Temporomandibular joints, muscles of mastication and malocclusions - Jaw joints, chewing muscles and bite abnormalities

Bruxism Condylar resorption Mandibular dislocation Malocclusion Crossbite Open bite Overbite Overjet Prognathia Retrognathia Temporomandibular joint dysfunction

Salivary glands

Orofacial soft tissues - Soft tissues around the mouth

Actinomycosis Angioedema Basal cell carcinoma Cutaneous sinus of dental origin Cystic hygroma Gnathophyma Ludwig's angina Macrostomia Melkersson–Rosenthal syndrome Microstomia Noma Oral Crohn's disease Orofacial granulomatosis Perioral dermatitis Pyostomatitis vegetans

Other

Eagle syndrome Hemifacial hypertrophy Facial hemiatrophy Oral manifestations of systemic disease

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