Golems (Discworld)

Golems in Terry Pratchett's Discworld series are derived from golems in Jewish mythology; early forms of a clay robot, supposedly awakened by a spell or priestly words to do people's bidding.

Pratchett's golems emphasise the similarity between golems and robots, especially Asenian (Asimov's own term for robots which obey the Three Laws) robots. Their "Chem" (the magic writing in their heads) restricts their behaviour, and is described in similar terms to the Three Laws of Robotics, except that the Chem powers the golem, as well as programming it. However, the Three Laws are considered fundamental to a robot's construction and cannot be changed: by contrast a golem's Chem is in full control of its behaviour. Thus, as Moist von Lipwig discovers, the First Law of Pump 19 (Mr Pump) begins as normal, "A golem cannot harm a human being, nor through inaction allow a human being to come to harm", but has as an addendum '... Unless Ordered To Do So By Duly Constituted Authority."

Feet of Clay sees a golem, Meshugah the king, whose Chem has been made over-complicated, running to hundreds of laws. The golem therefore goes insane.

Ethics

Like Hex, Golems are artificial life. They see themselves as possessions, and, while they desire freedom, have decided that they can only get this freedom by buying themselves (a previous attempt to get freedom by creating a king proved dangerously unsuccessful). The first free golem, Dorfl, had the plan to buy other golems and give them to themselves. Since then, the Golem Trust has been established to facilitate the freeing of golems. Technically a charity, it refuses to accept donations from any other than the freed golems, because the golems are clear they must free themselves by their own work. The charity buys golems with money earned by the free golems and hires the acquired golems out in the same way as an agency might hire out butlers to the wealthy. The money earned in this way allows a Trust golem to eventually buy itself from the Trust and become free. The hiring service is run by Miss Adora Belle Dearheart from a tiny office in Ankh-Morpork; she is very, very protective of the golems' welfare. It is apparent that they are hired for Government purposes: Mr Pump is hired by the Patrician's office and programmed to act as Moist von Lipwig's probation officer, and later reprogrammed to capture Mr Reacher Gilt.

Older golems have names, often somewhat Yiddish sounding, such as Dorfl, Meshugah, Bobkes, Shmata and Klutz. More recently built golems simply have descriptions such as Stitcher or Hammer, often with an associated number detailing their location in the workplace they were created for.

The creation of new golems is illegal due to the ethical questions it raises. Many still exist, however, and destroying them is also ethically tricky. Golems are distrusted by many on the Discworld, particularly the undead, who dislike the fact they are (generally) more accepted, despite being less human. Traditionally they get "all the messy jobs".

Golems seem to have some limited abilities to harm humans. In Going Postal, Mister Pump (AKA Pump Nineteen) has had the rule "A Golem May Not Harm A Human Being Or Allow A Human Being To Come To Harm" amended to add "Except When Ordered To By Duly Constituted Authority." After his Chem is destroyed, Dorfl tells Dragon King Of Arms the Vampire that Dorfl could crush him, essentially killing him, but will not because it would be immoral to do so. In Making Money, Adora Belle Dearheart tells Lord Vetinari that historically, cultures did not build Golems who could kill, and this implies that even modifying the Chem would not make a Golem able to kill. Since the Umnian Golems had their Chem inscribed directly in their clay, and it could not be modified, perhaps most golems have the "cannot kill" stricture engraved directly in their clay before firing. Dorfl could be an exception since the whole top of his head was sheared off in his fight with Meshugah, perhaps destroying any strictures which were "hard coded."

Volunteer fire brigade

Golems have, apparently spontaneously, formed the Ankh-Morpork volunteer fire brigade: their volunteer operations are a moral contrast with previous human fire brigades who were paid commissions to put out fires and therefore attempted to ensure that there were fires for them to be paid for. When a fire is noted, all Golems abandon their current work (or return from wherever they go during their holy day) and converge onto the location. The Golems' approach to extinguishing a fire is to simply remove any burning or flammable materials from the building. Once the fire is isolated they stamp it out.

Communication

Originally, golems were unable to speak, and instead carried around a slate and chalk with which they wrote down whatever they wanted to say. Near the conclusion of Feet of Clay, Dorfl is rebaked with a tongue and gains the ability to talk. Since then, numerous other golems, especially free ones, have also been given voices. Like Death, those golems capable of speech have a distinctive mannerism; whereas Death's speech is represented by being printed all in small caps, transcriptions of golem speech capitalize the first letter of every word. When Golems write, their script is a corrupted version of the Hebrew alphabet altered to appear as Latin letters, which is possibly a reference to golems' origins in Jewish mythology. Golems also have their own language which is "said to be spoken by angels", and uses the Enochian alphabet.

The Golem standard

In Making Money, 4000 golems are found by the Golem trust, headed by Adora Belle Dearheart. When brought to the city, a lot of discussion arises as to what should be done with them. These Golems' version of chems are actually baked into their bodies, not written on paper, so they cannot be freed. They do, however, possess much skill; they were able to create a city and sustain a civilization under the orders of their original creators. Thanks to a sequence of Umnian commands (translated by a deceased wizard), Moist von Lipwig gains the ability to control them. However, the economist Hubert Turvy notes that the golems would effectively render the entire population redundant, resulting in a crash of consumption that would beggar the city. After much discussion it is decided that, because of their worth, they are to be buried. Their worth would back the new paper currency of Ankh Morpork. It becomes known as the Golem standard.

Golems featured in the series

Anghammarad

Anghammarad features in the novel Going Postal. He is almost nineteen thousand years old, having been baked by the priests of Upsa in the Third Ning of the Shaving of the Goat. He was also given a voice. However, Upsa was destroyed by the explosion of Mount Shiputu. He then spent two centuries under a mountain of pumice, before it eroded away. He then became a messenger for the Fisherman Kings of the holy Ult. More recently, he delivered the decrees of King Het of Thut—until the land of Thut itself slid under the sea. He then spent nine thousand years in the deep ocean, before being netted by a fisherman. Having returned to civilization, he still carried the message warning Het that the sea goddess is angry and waited to deliver it (golems believe time is cyclical, by simply waiting Anghammarad would be able to go forward to King Het and deliver the missive).

He worked for the Ankh-Morpork Post Office in the honorary position of Extremely Senior Postman, before his briefly white-hot ceramic body was engulfed with very cold water while fighting a catastrophic fire in the post office building - the sudden massive cooling of his body by the water shattered him. When he reached the Dark Desert, he appeared as pure red "furnace heat" in the shape of his former body. Being incapable of boredom, he asked Death to allow him to remain at the entrance to the afterlife, equating an absence of tasks to perform with perfect freedom.

Dorfl

Dorfl is a golem on the Ankh-Morpork City Watch. He joined the Watch during the events of Feet of Clay, amid which he was set free by Captain Carrot, sustained considerable damage fighting the golem king, and was rebuilt to a considerable degree. He is later mentioned in Thud! as taking part in the Watch barricade between the dwarves and the trolls.

Dorfl's rebuilding is a significant event, in terms of voice and personal belief system. His chem was destroyed in Feet of Clay, although he still managed to save Carrot from Meshugah because, as he put it, "WORDS IN THE HEART CAN NOT BE TAKEN". The repairs included being given a voice, but he was not issued a chem; instead, he began to "find his own words". Voices for golems had been considered blasphemous before Dorfl's argument with the Council of Churches, Temples, Sacred Groves and Big Ominous Rocks. He quickly became the Disc's first ceramic atheist, to the displeasure of at least one god, and has been issued an official chit to label him "alive" to avoid interference in this state of affairs. He will believe in any god whose existence can be proved by rational argument, although none has yet been successful. A thunderbolt to the head is deemed wholly unconvincing (in Dorfl's own words, "I Don't Call That Much Of An Argument"). Fellow watchman and Omnian Constable Visit continues to present Om's case before him, and unlike most people, Dorfl welcomes the continued debate.

Dorfl speaks 'With The Beginning Of Every Word Being Capitalized', as do all golems granted speech, and, like most golems, he is quite literal in his choice of words. Some of his lines take a considerable amount of inspiration from RoboCop, such as his description of his own duties: "To Serve The Public Trust, Protect The Innocent And Seriously Prod Buttock".

He is the apparent founder of the Golem Trust, although this is never conclusively stated. He is mentioned in Making Money as the first Freed Golem, which led to the Golem Trust.

Meshugah/The King

In Feet of Clay, a group of golems originally attempted to gain their freedom by creating a king for themselves. They stole raw white clay from a troll potter, and used bits of their own to strengthen it. With the support of a sympathetic holy man and the curator of the dwarf bread museum (owner of an oven big enough to fit a golem), they succeeded in building and animating a king.

However, while making its chem, the golems put too many commands in its head, driving it slowly insane (this and the fact it hadn't been fired in a proper kiln lends a new spin to the term "half-baked"). Even worse, the golems did not provide their king with a means of opening its head to allow its chem to be altered. In the end, they covertly sold it to a candlemaker, who named it Meshugah (Yiddish, as well as Hebrew, for crazy or insane).

As part of Dragon King of Arms' plot to incapacitate the Patrician, Arthur Carry, the candlemaker used Meshugah to create poisoned candles. Both apparently viewed its lack of a voice as an asset to the plot, making it unable to leak information. However, the golem's tremendous productivity soon forced the candlemaker to lay off practically his entire workforce. Even worse, whenever Carry ran out of materials it would wander out into the streets and try to scream. Soon, it began killing the humans who had helped manufacture it.

The golems, connected to it through their clay, were aware of what it was doing, and their shame drove them to commit suicide. Officers Carrot Ironfoundersson and Angua von Uberwald confronted the candlemaker in his factory and were forced to fight Meshugah. They were saved only by the intervention of Dorfl, the first free golem, who, despite terrible bodily damage and the loss of his chem, managed to kill the king by destroying its head. Its last act was to smile and welcome death.

Unlike most golems, the king was built to resemble a human perfectly, like a statue, complete with molded-on crown. Due to being baked in an oven suited to dwarf bread rather than a proper pottery kiln, Meshugah's body was unstable, constantly cracking and resealing, occasionally leaving behind grey dust. Perhaps because of this instability, it was also able to reassemble itself when dismembered or broken, a trait shared by no other golem seen on the Disc thus far (though they can—and do—mend themselves, leading to their "gingerbread men" appearance over time). However, due to the beleaguered, insane state of its mind, it tended to put limbs on backwards and twitch crazily while walking.

Gladys

While no golem is really female, no golem is really male either and when Miss Maccalariat, the head cashier at the Ankh-Morpork Post Office, demanded that only females could clean the female toilets, a golem was given a cotton blue print dress and a woman's name to do the job. Over time, largely due to "her" interaction with the counter girls, who frequently handed her rather old fashioned books on female etiquette, Gladys began to assume more feminine characteristics until, by Making Money, her employer, Moist von Lipwig, was fairly certain she had begun to develop a rather disturbing romantic obsession with him. Fortunately, Moist's fiancee, Adora Belle Dearheart, who understood that golems tended to believe what they read, cured her by handing her a "modern" book by a radical feminist. Appeared in Going Postal and Making Money.

Pump 19 (Mr. Pump)

Appeared in Going Postal. More commonly referred to as Mr. Pump, he received his name from his previous position, where he spent over two hundred years operating one of a series of underwater pumps. He claims to have had plenty to think about down there - pumping water, to be specific. He has since entered the employ of the Patrician, who uses him as a parole officer. He has been extremely successful in this, as he never needs to stop for sleep and can follow his target anywhere by tracking their Karmic signature. Due to the influence of the Patrician, Mr. Pump has an unusual behavior for a golem. He bends the rules, twists the truth, and (despite Moist Von Lipwig's protests) implies that he is capable of hurting and threatening people under proper authorities, if only in roundabout and uncomfortably vague ways - although as yet he has not actually harmed anybody apart from Lipwig who he frequently knocks unconscious for his own safety.

The Original Red Army

The Original Red Army, a legendary fighting force of Agatean Legend, is said to have been created when the Great Wizard moulded some Earth into figures of soldiers, and infused them with lightning, animating them and also making them invincible warriors. They are made from terracotta, parodying the Terracotta Army. They apparently do not obey verbal orders, and can only be controlled when one dons some magical armour, in which case the entire army will mimic the actions of the armour-wearer who can also give them limited orders via a series of magical buttons on the armour. The only two people to have done so appear to be One Sun Mirror, the first Emperor of the Aurient and friend of the Great Wizard, and Rincewind, who discovered them by accident. They appear in Interesting Times. Moist commandeers them in Raising Steam .

Bibliography

• Pratchett, Terry: "Maskerade", Victor Gollancz, 1995
• Pratchett, Terry: "Feet of Clay", Victor Gollancz, 1996
• Pratchett, Terry: "Going Postal", Doubleday, 2004