Giant Schnauzer

Giant Schnauzer

A standing black dog with dense, wavy fur, a distinct 'beard' and eyebrows, a docked tail, and cropped ears, facing to the left.

A black Giant Schnauzer groomed for show.
Other names Munich Schnauzer[1]
Munchener[1]
Russian Bear Schnauzer[2]
Origin Germany
Traits
Weight 35–47 kg (77–104 lb)[3]
Height Male 65–70 cm (25.5–27.5 in)[4]
Female 60–65 cm (23.5–25.5 in)[4]
Coat Dense, wiry
Color Black or "pepper and salt"
Litter size 5-8[5]
Life span 10-12 years[6]
Classification / standards
FCI Group 2, Section 1.2 Schnauzer #181 standard
AKC Working standard
ANKC Group 6 (Utility) standard
CKC Group 3 (Working) standard
KC (UK) Working standard
NZKC Utility standard
UKC Guardian Dog standard
Domestic dog (Canis lupus familiaris)

The Giant Schnauzer is a working breed of dog developed in the 17th century in Germany. It is the largest of the three breeds of Schnauzer—the other two breeds being the Standard Schnauzer and the Miniature Schnauzer. Numerous breeds were used in its development, including the black Great Dane, the Bouvier des Flandres, and the German Pinscher. Originally bred to assist on farms by driving livestock to market and guarding the farmer's property, the breed eventually moved into the city, where it worked guarding breweries, butchers' shops, stockyards and factories. It was unknown outside of Bavaria until it became popular as a military dog during World War I and World War II.

They have dense coarse coat that protects them from the weather and from vermin. Giant Schnauzers come in two color patterns: Solid black, and a color known as pepper and salt, with banded hairs of alternating white and black, appearing gray hairs at a distance. Where legal, they are shown with cropped ears and docked tails. Like other schnauzers, they have a distinct beard and eyebrows. Today, the Giant Schnauzer participates in numerous dog sports, including Schutzhund. It is also used as a police dog.

History

The first Giant Schnauzers emerged from Swabia in the German state of Bavaria, and Württemberg in the 17th century.[4][7] These original Giant Schnauzers were considered a rough-coated version of the German pinscher breeds, and their hair was thought to help them withstand the harsh German winters and bites from vermin.[1] The origins of the breed are unclear, but sources speculate it originated through some combination of black Great Danes,[1] German Shepherds,[1] Rottweilers,[1] Dobermans,[1] Boxers,[1] Bouvier des Flandres,[1] Thuringian Shepherds,[2] and the Standard Schnauzer.[2]

The Giant Schnauzer was originally bred as a multipurpose farm dog for guarding property and driving animals to market.[8] By the turn of the 20th century the Giant Schnauzer was being used as a watchdog at factories, breweries, butcheries, and stockyards throughout Bavaria.[1][7] It was unknown outside Bavaria until it was used as a military dog in World War I and World War II.[1][7] The first Giant Schnauzers were imported to America in the 1930s, but they remained rare until the 1960s,[9] when the breed became popular. In 1962, there were 23 new Giant Schnauzers registered with the American Kennel Club; in 1974 this number was 386; in 1984 it was over 800 and in 1987 it was around 1000 animals.[10] In 2012, there were 94 new dogs registered, down from 95 in 2011.[11]

In modern times, the Giant Schnauzer is used as a police dog; is trained for obedience, dog agility, herding, search and rescue, and schutzhund; and is shown in conformation shows.[7][9] They are also used for carting.[8] In Europe, the breed is considered to be more of a working dog than a show dog.[10] The focus in many European Schnauzer clubs is not so much on conformation shows, but on the working ability of the breed.[10] In several countries, including Germany, dogs must achieve a Schutzhund Champion title before they can qualify to be a conformation champion.[10]

Description

Two Giant Schnauzers

Appearance

Although the Giant Schnauzer is called 'Giant', this is not in comparison to other large dog breeds such as the Great Dane or the Rottweiler, but instead in comparison to the Standard and Miniature Schnauzers.[1] The AKC breed standard calls for males to stand from 65 to 70 centimetres (25.5 to 27.5 in) at the withers, and for females to stand from 60 to 65 centimetres (23.5 to 25.5 in).[4] Giant Schnauzers are square in shape,[5] and should resemble a larger version of the Standard Schnauzer.[7] The tail is long and the ears are small button ears carried high on the head.[8] Where it is legal, it is possibly docked and the ears cropped.[5]

The head is 1/2 the length of the dog's back, when the back is measured from the withers to the base of the tail.[7] The cheeks are flat, but well muscled.[7] The coat is dense, wiry, and weather resistant.[5][4] The fur on the Giant Schnauzer's face forms a distinct "beard" and eyebrows.[7] Its stride is long and crisp.[2]

Giant Schnauzers come in two colors: solid black, and a pattern called pepper and salt, where banded hairs of black and white hairs cover the body, giving it the appearance of having been peppered and salted.[4]

Temperament

A black Giant Schnauzer at rest, with a dog toy in its paws. The dog is looking alertly at something out of frame.
The Giant Schnauzer should be "amiable in repose, and a commanding figure when aroused"[7]

Giant Schnauzers are usually a quiet breed.[2] Due to its breeding, the Giant Schnauzer is inherently suspicious of strangers and can be very territorial.[1][2] Once introduced, it is usually accepting of novel people or situations.[1] It has the potential to be aggressive,[1] but Giant Schnauzers are usually reserved[2] - they are "amiable in repose, and a commanding figure when aroused"[7]

Giant Schnauzers have been described as trustworthy with children.[2] They are very intelligent, and can become bored easily.[1] They are also very energetic and highly spirited,[7] which, when coupled with boredom, can lead to unwanted and destructive behavior.[1] They are easily trained, and deeply loyal to their owner.[7] Some breeders believe that pepper and salt colored Giant Schnauzers are more docile than their black-furred counterparts.[6]

Health

Riesenschnauzer or Giant Schnauzer

Giant Schnauzers require regular grooming.[4] Their beard can collect drool and food particles, making frequent cleanings essential.[12] If being shown, their coat needs to be stripped every two to four weeks.[8] If they are simply a companion animal, the coat can be clipped instead.[8] Some Giant Schnauzers have an allergy to shampoo.[13]

Hip and elbow dysplasia are common.[5][8] Giant Schnauzers are also prone to eye problems such as keratoconjunctivitis sicca, glaucoma, cataracts, multifocal retinal dysplasia, and generalized progressive retinal atrophy.[13] They are also prone to skin diseases, such as seasonal flank alopecia, vitiligo, and follicular cysts.[13] Cancer of the skin is common in dark-colored dogs, with the most frequently occurring varieties being melanoma of the limbs and digits, and squamous cell carcinoma of the digit.[13] This susceptibility occurs because melanoma is caused by a defect in the melanocytes, the cells that darken the color of the skin.[14] Noncancerous skin tumors are also common.[13]

Some Giant Schnauzers develop central diabetes insipidus, autosomal recessive hypothyroidism, selective malabsorption of cobalamin, narcolepsy, cataplexy, and various seizure disorders.[8][13] Some are also sensitive to sulphonamides and gold.[13] Bone diseases and joint problems are also an issue.[15] The most common causes of death in Giant Schnauzers are lymphoma and liver cancer, followed by heart attacks and heart failure.[16]

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 Stahlkuppe, Joe; Earle-Bridges, Michele (March 1, 2002). Giant Schnauzers: Everything About Purchase, Care, Nutrition, Training, and Wellness. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series. pp. 5–11. ISBN 0-7641-1884-6. OCLC 47289437.
  2. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Rice, Dan (March 1, 2001). Big Dog Breeds. Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series. pp. 166–167. ISBN 0-7641-1649-5. OCLC 44860848.
  3. ↑ "FCI-Standard № 181 – Giant Schnauzer (Riesenschnauzer)" (pdf). Fédération Cynologique Internationale. April 18, 2007. Retrieved July 28, 2016.
  4. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 "Giant Schnauzer". AKC Meet The Breeds. American Kennel Club. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  5. 1 2 3 4 5 Kern, Kerry V.; Vriends, Matthew M. (1988). The New Terrier Handbook: Everything about Purchase, Care, Nutrition, Breeding, Behavior, and Training. New York: Barron's Educational Series. p. 115. ISBN 0-8120-3951-3. OCLC 17508196.
  6. 1 2 Welton, Michele (October 15, 2000). Your Purebred Puppy, Second Edition: A Buyer's Guide, Completely Revised and Updated. Neptune City, NJ: Macmillan. p. 137. ISBN 0-7938-3094-X. OCLC 50295276.
  7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 "Giant Schnauzer". The Complete Dog Book (20th ed.). Random House Digital. American Kennel Club. December 18, 2007. ISBN 978-0-345-47626-5.
  8. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Palika, Liz (2007). The Howell Book of Dogs: The Definitive Reference to 300 Breeds and Varieties. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley Publishing. pp. 250–251. ISBN 0-470-00921-7.
  9. 1 2 "The Westminster Kennel Club | Breed Information: Giant Schnauzer". The Westminster Kennel Club. 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2013.
  10. 1 2 3 4 Brown, Catherine (1988). "Origin and History of the Giant Schnauzer". Giant Schnauzer Club of America. Retrieved February 9, 2013.
  11. ↑ "AKC Dog Registration Statistics". American Kennel Club. 2013. Retrieved February 9, 2013.
  12. ↑ Bailey, Gwen (May 2009). "Giant Schnauzer". Training Your Superdog. Dorling Kindersley. p. 40. ISBN 978-0-7566-4978-4.
  13. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Gough, Alex; Thomas, Alison (2004). Breed Predispositions to Disease in Dogs and Cats. Blackwell Publishing. pp. 133–137. ISBN 1-4051-0748-0.
  14. ↑ "Cancer in Canines". Airedale Health Foundation. Retrieved July 27, 2013.
  15. ↑ Stall, Sam (April 28, 2005). "Schnauzer (Giant)". The Good Bad, and the Furry: Choosing the Dog That's Right for You. Quirk Books. pp. 169–170. ISBN 1-59474-021-6.
  16. ↑ "Summary results of the Purebred Dog Health Survey for Giant Schnauzers" (PDF). Report from the Kennel Club/ British Small Animal Veterinary Association Scientific Committee. The Kennel Club. August 18, 2006. Retrieved February 12, 2013.
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