GGT1
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Gamma-glutamyltransferase 1 (GGT1), also known as CD224 (Cluster of Differentiation 224), is a human gene.[3]
Human gamma-glutamyltransferase catalyzes the transfer of the glutamyl moiety of glutathione to a variety of amino acids and dipeptide acceptors. This heteroduplex enzyme is composed of a heavy chain and a light chain, which are derived from a single precursor protein, and is present in tissues involved in absorption and secretion. This enzyme is a member of the gamma-glutamyltransferase protein family, of which many members have not yet been fully characterized. This gene encodes several transcript variants; studies suggest that many transcripts of this gene family may be non-functional or represent pseudogenes. The functional transcripts which have been fully characterized have been grouped and classified as type I gamma-glutamyltransferase. Complex splicing events may take place in a tissue-specific manner, resulting in marked dissimilarity in the 5' UTRs. Several 5' UTR transcript variants of the type I gene have been identified in different tissues and cancer cells.[3]
See also
References
Further reading
- Chikhi N, Holic N, Guellaen G, Laperche Y (1999). "Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase gene organization and expression: a comparative analysis in rat, mouse, pig and human species". Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B, Biochem. Mol. Biol. 122 (4): 367–80. doi:10.1016/S0305-0491(99)00013-9. PMID 10392451.
- Indirani N, Hill PG (1977). "Partial purification and some properties of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from human bile". Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 483 (1): 57–62. doi:10.1016/0005-2744(77)90007-9. PMID 18198.
- Tate SS, Ross ME (1977). "Human kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Catalytic properties, subunit structure, and localization of the gamma-glutamyl binding site on the light subunit". J. Biol. Chem. 252 (17): 6042–5. PMID 19463.
- Welbourne TC (1978). "Cytoplasmic gamma-glutamyltransferase: isolation, product formation and physiological role". Current problems in clinical biochemistry. 8: 201–15. PMID 28899.
- Courtay C, Oster T, Michelet F, et al. (1992). "Gamma-glutamyltransferase: nucleotide sequence of the human pancreatic cDNA. Evidence for a ubiquitous gamma-glutamyltransferase polypeptide in human tissues". Biochem. Pharmacol. 43 (12): 2527–33. doi:10.1016/0006-2952(92)90140-E. PMID 1378736.
- Pawlak A, Cohen EH, Octave JN, et al. (1990). "An alternatively processed mRNA specific for gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in human tissues". J. Biol. Chem. 265 (6): 3256–62. PMID 1968061.
- Pitot HC, Goodspeed D, Dunn T, et al. (1989). "Regulation of the expression of some genes for enzymes of glutathione metabolism in hepatotoxicity and hepatocarcinogenesis". Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 97 (1): 23–34. doi:10.1016/0041-008X(89)90052-5. PMID 2563599.
- Goodspeed DC, Dunn TJ, Miller CD, Pitot HC (1989). "Human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase cDNA: comparison of hepatoma and kidney mRNA in the human and rat". Gene. 76 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(89)90002-4. PMID 2568315.
- Pawlak A, Wu SJ, Bulle F, et al. (1989). "Different gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase mRNAs are expressed in human liver and kidney". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 164 (2): 912–8. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(89)91545-3. PMID 2573352.
- Laperche Y, Bulle F, Aissani T, et al. (1986). "Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequence of rat kidney gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase cDNA". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 83 (4): 937–41. doi:10.1073/pnas.83.4.937. PMC 322985
. PMID 2869484. - Bulle F, Mattei MG, Siegrist S, et al. (1987). "Assignment of the human gamma-glutamyl transferase gene to the long arm of chromosome 22". Hum. Genet. 76 (3): 283–6. doi:10.1007/BF00283624. PMID 2885259. replacement character in
|last8=at position 7 (help) - Tate SS, Khadse V, Wellner D (1988). "Renal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidases: structural and immunological studies". Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 262 (2): 397–408. doi:10.1016/0003-9861(88)90390-6. PMID 2896486.
- Tate SS, Galbraith RA (1988). "In vitro translation and processing of human hepatoma cell (Hep G2) gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase". Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 154 (3): 1167–73. doi:10.1016/0006-291X(88)90263-X. PMID 2900635.
- Rajpert-De Meyts E, Heisterkamp N, Groffen J (1988). "Cloning and nucleotide sequence of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85 (23): 8840–4. doi:10.1073/pnas.85.23.8840. PMC 282602. PMID 2904146.
- Sakamuro D, Yamazoe M, Matsuda Y, et al. (1989). "The primary structure of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase". Gene. 73 (1): 1–9. doi:10.1016/0378-1119(88)90307-1. PMID 2907498.
- Ikeda Y, Fujii J, Anderson ME, et al. (1995). "Involvement of Ser-451 and Ser-452 in the catalysis of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (38): 22223–8. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.38.22223. PMID 7673200.
- Wetmore LA, Gerard C, Drazen JM (1993). "Human lung expresses unique gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase transcripts". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 90 (16): 7461–5. doi:10.1073/pnas.90.16.7461. PMC 47161. PMID 7689219.
- Ikeda Y, Fujii J, Taniguchi N, Meister A (1995). "Human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase mutants involving conserved aspartate residues and the unique cysteine residue of the light subunit". J. Biol. Chem. 270 (21): 12471–5. doi:10.1074/jbc.270.21.12471. PMID 7759490.
- Courtay C, Heisterkamp N, Siest G, Groffen J (1994). "Expression of multiple gamma-glutamyltransferase genes in man". Biochem. J. 297 ( Pt 3) (Pt 3): 503–8. PMC 1137862. PMID 7906515.
- Ikeda Y, Fujii J, Taniguchi N (1993). "Significance of Arg-107 and Glu-108 in the catalytic mechanism of human gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. Identification by site-directed mutagenesis". J. Biol. Chem. 268 (6): 3980–5. PMID 8095045.
External links
- GGT1 protein, human at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
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