French brig Griffon (1806)

For other ships with the same name, see HMS Griffon and French ship Griffon.
History
France
Name: Griffon
Namesake: Griffon
Ordered: 30 April 1804
Builder: Rochefort (Constructeurs: Jean-Baptiste Lemoyne-Sérigny, then Pierre Rolland)[1]
Laid down: 5 April 1805
Launched: 2 June 1806
Completed: August 1806
Captured: June 1808
UK
Name: HMS Griffon
Acquired: June 1808 by capture
Honours and
awards:		 Naval General Service Medal with clasp "Griffon 27 March 1812"[2]
Fate: sold 1819
History
United Kingdom
Name: Griffon
Owner: Hills & Co.
Acquired: 1819 by purchase
Fate: Last mention in Lloyd's Register is 1846
General characteristics [3]
Class and type: Palinure-class brig
Tonnage: 368 (bm)[Note 1]
Length:
  • 92 ft 6 in (28.2 m) (overall)
  • 80 ft 10 in (24.6 m) (keel)
Beam: 29 ft 4 in (8.9 m)
Depth of hold: 8 ft 2 in (2.5 m)
Sail plan: Brig
Complement:
  • French service:105
  • British service:100
Armament:
  • French service:14 x 24-pounder carronades + 2 x 6-pounder guns
  • British service: 14 x 24-pounder carronades + 2 x 6-pounder bow chasers

The French brig Griffon was a Palinure-class brig launched in 1806. After HMS Bacchante captured her in 1808, the Royal Navy took her into service. Griffon participated in one action that resulted in her crew being awarded the Naval General Service Medal. Two of her officers were subject to notable courts martial, one for murder and one for smuggling, with the murderer being hanged and the smuggler dismissed the Navy. The Navy sold Griffon in 1819 to Hills & Co., who proceeded to use her in mercantile service between London and the South Seas, under some seven different masters, until c. 1846.

French career

From 17 March to 4 November 1806, Griffon, under the command of lieutenant de vaisseau Jacques Gautier, was at Rochefort and the Bay of Aiguillon.[4] Then she served in the roads of the Ile d'Aix between March and August 1807.[5] Finally, in early 1808 she carried troops from Rochefort to Martinique.[6]

On the way Griffon encountered one or more British frigates. The frigate may have been Acasta, and according to the same report, Griffon was in company with the French brigs Palinure and Pilade. On 17 March Griffon took refuge at Marin, Martinique. Palinure and Pilade sailed on to the roads at Trinité.[7][8]

On 27 March 1808 the boats of Ulysses, Castor, Hippomenes and Morne Fortunee attempted to cut out Griffon from Marin. They succeeded in capturing a battery but Griffon's fire drove them back empty handed, and with heavy casualties.[9] Later, Griffon continued on to Fort-de-France.

Capture

On 11 May 1808 Bacchante captured Griffon off Cape Antonio. Bacchante pursued Griffon for almost seven hours, and fought her for a half an hour. Griffon only struck when she found herself crowded some 100 metres from the breakers with Bacchante only some 200 meters from her. Griffon was still under Gautier's command. In the engagement Griffon had five men wounded, while Bacchante suffered no casualties.[10]

Griffon had sailed from Rochefort to Martinique, via Pensacola. Bacchante sent her into Jamaica.[11]

Royal Navy career

The Navy commissioned Griffon at Jamaica under Lieutenant Henry Spark Jones. Lieutenant Allen,[3] or Lieutenant T.P.J. Parry,[12] replaced him in December 1808.

Griffon was among the vessels that carried out the blockade of the city of Santo Domingo that accompanied the siege, and was present on 6 July 1809 at its surrender.[13][14][Note 2] Griffon's captain at Santo Domingo was Lieutenant J. Gore (acting).[17]

Griffon arrived at Sheerness on 10 October 1809, She then underwent fitting at Chatham between February 1810 and December 1811. Commander John Tannock recommissioned her in November 1811, but handed over command to Commander George Trollope in February 1812.

On 27 March, near Dieppe, Griffon and Rosario intercepted a 13-strong flotilla heading there from Boulogne-sur-Mer. The two British vessels engaged them closely, capturing three brigs (praams Nos. 95, 246, and 314),[18] and driving two more onto the shore. Each French brig was armed with three 24-pounder guns and an 8" howitzer. The British casualties amounted to one officer and four men wounded.[19] The British sent their prizes into Plymouth.[20]

In 1847 the Admiralty awarded the Naval General Service Medal with clasps "Griffon 27 March 1812" and "Rosario 27 March 1812" to the five surviving claimants from Griffon and the seven from Rosario.[Note 3]

Lieutenant Richard Steward Gamage joined Griffon in July as her first lieutenant. On 10 September the Milford, Mann, master, put into Ramsgate. She had been sailing from Chepstow to Deptford when she ran foul of Griffin and lost her foremast and suffered other damage.[21]

On 20 October Griffon was in the Downs and Gamage was in command, Trollope having gone ashore. Gamage was a mild man who, in a sudden and uncharacteristic fit of rage, stabbed an insubordinate sergeant of Marines to death with a sword thrust. A court martial on 27 October found Gamage guilty of murder and sentenced him to hang. Appeals for clemency, including from the crew, were rejected and Gamage was hanged on 23 November from Griffon's yardarm. As was customary, all vessels in the Downs sent two boats alongside Griffon to witness the execution; the men who remained on the vessels were required to watch from the decks of their vessels.[22][23]

That December a report appeared in the press that Griffon's crew had mutinied and sailed her to Boulogne. The petty officers, seamen, and marines of the crew wrote a letter to Trollope, subsequently published, affirming their satisfaction with him and their other officers.[24]

In June 1814 Commander George Hewson replaced Trollope,[3] who had been promoted to post captain on 7 June.[22]

Post-war

Commander James A. Murray assumed command in May 1816.

On 20 September Lieutenant William Elliot Wright was appointed acting commander at Saint Helena.[25] On Griffon's return to Britain Wright's appointment was confirmed on 20 August 1817. However, Wright then underwent a court martial for having smuggled 53 yards of crepe and other contraband while Griffon was at Portsmouth. The court ordered Wright dismissed the service. However, he was reinstated in 1819 without loss of rank.[25]

In March 1819, the Commissioners of the Navy put Griffon up for sale at Deptford.[26] They sold her to Hills & Co. for £1,700 on 11 March 1819.[3]

Commercial service

Lloyd's Register for 1819 shows a Griffon, French-built sloop, 9 [sic] years since capture, and 435 tons (bm), with owner Hills & Co.; later, the entry gave her burthen as 439 tons (bm). This vessel continues in commercial service for Hills & Co. for some 27 years. The last year with an entry for this vessel is 1846, and that entry is without a trade route.

Year Master Owner Trade Notes
1819 C. Worth Hills & Co. London & South Seas
1820 C. Worth Hills & Co. London & South Seas
1821 C. Worth Hills & Co. London & South Seas
1822 C. Worth Hills & Co. London & South Seas
1823 Garbutt Hills & Co. London & South Seas
1824 Garbutt Hills & Co. London & South Seas
1825 Garbutt Hills & Co. London & South Seas
1826 Possibly no entry; rampant misprinting
1827 Garbutt Hills & Co. London & South Seas
1828 Garbutt Hills & Co. London & South Seas
1829 Garbutt Hills & Co. London & South Seas
1830 Nesbitt Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1831 Nesbitt Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1832 Wright Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1833 Wright Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1834 P. Wright Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1835 W. Debrey Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1836 W. Debrey Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1837 W. Debrey Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1838 W. Debrey Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1839 W. Debrey Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1840 Parsons Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1841 Parsons Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1842 Parsons Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1843 Parsons Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1844 Parsons Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1845 Parsons Hills & Co. London & South Seas Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1846 Parsons Hills & Co. Name is Do. for "Griffin"; other data as for "Griffon"
1847 No entry

Notes, citations, and references

Notes
  1. ↑ Using a modern calculator and the data on length and breadth yields 342  69⁄94 (bm).
  2. ↑ In January 1826 prize money was paid for stores captured at Santo Domingo. A first-class share was worth £7 10s 11d; a sixth-class share, that of an ordinary seaman, was worth 2s 5d.[15] In October 1832, prize money was paid for the ordnance stores. A first-class share was worth £67 3s 5d; a sixth-class share was worth £1 1s 3d.[16]
  3. ↑ The listing in the London Gazette mistakenly gives the name of Rosario's commander as "Trollope", and Griffon's commander as "Hervey".[2]
Citations
  1. ↑ Winfield and Roberts (2015 forthcoming), Chap. 7.
  2. 1 2 The London Gazette: no. 20939. p. 244. 26 January 1849.
  3. 1 2 3 4 Winfield (2008), pp.317-8.
  4. ↑ Fonds Marine, 1805-1826, p.346.
  5. ↑ Fonds Marine, 1805-1826, p.358.
  6. ↑ Fonds Marine, 1805-1826, p.376.
  7. ↑ Daney de Marcillac (1846), Vol. 6, p. 267.
  8. ↑ Chevalier (1886), p. 289.
  9. ↑ Clowes (1897-1903), Vol. 5, p.414.
  10. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 16169. p. 1078. 6 August 1808.
  11. ↑ Lloyd's List, no. 4280, - accessed 15 February 2014.
  12. ↑ "NMM, vessel ID 367920" (PDF). Warship Histories, vol i. National Maritime Museum. Retrieved 30 July 2011.
  13. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 16294. p. 1420. 2 September 1809.
  14. ↑ Marshall (1825), Vol. 2, Part 2, pp.970-1.
  15. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 18209. p. 28. 7 January 1826.
  16. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 18986. p. 2330. 19 October 1832.
  17. ↑ Allen (1853), p.52.
  18. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 16720. p. 754. 13 April 1813.
  19. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 16587. pp. 593–394. 28 March 1812.
  20. ↑ Lloyd's List, no. 4652, - accessed 28 May 2014.
  21. ↑ Lloyd's List, no.4701, - accessed 28 May 2014.
  22. 1 2 Marshall (1829), Supplement, Part 3, pp. 306-313.
  23. ↑ Mostert (2008), pp.600-603.
  24. ↑ Ships Monthly, Vol. 5, p.166.
  25. 1 2 Marshall (1833), Vol. 4, Part 1, p.420.
  26. ↑ The London Gazette: no. 17454. p. 383. 27 February 1819.
References

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