Eric Horvitz

Eric Horvitz, Microsoft portrait

Eric Joel Horvitz is an American computer scientist, and Technical Fellow at Microsoft, where he serves as managing director of Microsoft Research's main Redmond lab.[1]

Biography

Horvitz received his PhD in 1990 and his MD degree at Stanford University.[2] His doctoral dissertation, Computation and action under bounded resources,[3] and follow-on research introduced models of bounded rationality founded in probability and decision theory. He did his doctoral work under advisors Ronald A. Howard, George B. Dantzig, Edward H. Shortliffe, and Patrick Suppes.

He is currently Technical Fellow at Microsoft, where he serves as director of Microsoft Research's main Redmond lab. He has been elected Fellow of the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI), the National Academy of Engineering (NAE), the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). He was elected to the ACM CHI Academy in 2013 and ACM Fellow 2014 For contributions to artificial intelligence, and human-computer interaction.[4]

In 2015, he was awarded the AAAI Feigenbaum Prize,[5] a biennial award for sustained and high-impact contributions to the field of artificial intelligence through the development of computational models of perception, reflection and action, and their application in time-critical decision making, and intelligent information, traffic, and healthcare systems.

In 2015, he was also awarded the ACM - AAAI Allen Newell Award,[6] an award "presented to an individual selected for career contributions that have breadth within computer science, or that bridge computer science and other disciplines".[7]

He serves on the Scientific Advisory Committee of the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (AI2) and is also chair of the Section on Information, Computing, and Communications of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).

He has served as president of the Association for the Advancement of AI (AAAI), on the NSF Computer & Information Science & Engineering (CISE) Advisory Board, and on the council of the Computing Community Consortium (CCC).

Work

Horvitz's research interests span theoretical and practical challenges with developing systems that perceive, learn, and reason. His contributions include advances in principles and applications of machine learning and inference, information retrieval, human-computer interaction, bioinformatics, and e-commerce.

Horvitz played a significant role in the use of probability and decision theory in artificial intelligence. His work raised the credibility of artificial intelligence in other areas of computer science and computer engineering, influencing fields ranging from human-computer interaction to operating systems. His research helped establish the link between artificial intelligence and decision science. As an example, he coined the concept of bounded optimality, a decision-theoretic approach to bounded rationality.[8]

He studied the use of probability and utility to guide automated reasoning for decision making. The methods include consideration of the solving of streams of problems[9] in environments over time. In related work, he applied probability and machine learning to identify hard problems and to guide theorem proving.[10]

He has issued long-term challenge problems for AI[11]—and has espoused a vision of open-world AI,[12] where machine intelligences have the ability to understand and perform well in the larger world where they encounter situations they have not seen before.

He has explored synergies between human and machine intelligence, with methods that learn about the complementarities between people and AI. He is a founder of the AAAI conference on Human Computation and Crowdsourcing.[13]

He co-authored probability-based methods to enhance privacy, including a model of altruistic sharing of data called community sensing[14] and stochastic privacy.[15]

Horvitz speaks on the topic of artificial intelligence, including on NPR and the Charlie Rose show.[16][17][18] Online talks include both technical lectures and presentations for general audiences (TEDx Austin: Making Friends with Artificial Intelligence). His research has been featured in the New York Times and the Technology Review.[19][20][21][22]

AI and Society

Asilomar AI Study

He served as President of the AAAI from 2007-2009. As AAAI President, he called together and co-chaired the Asilomar AI study which culminated in a meeting of AI scientists at Asilomar in February 2009. The study considered the nature and timing of AI successes and reviewed concerns about directions with AI developments, including the potential loss of control over computer-based intelligences, and also efforts that could reduce concerns and enhance long-term societal outcomes. The study was the first meeting of AI scientists to address concerns about superintelligence and loss of control of AI and attracted interest by the public.[23]

In coverage of the Asilomar study, he said that scientists must study and respond to notions of superintelligent machines and concerns about artificial intelligence systems escaping from human control.[23] In a later NPR interview, he said that investments in scientific studies of superintelligences would be valuable to guide proactive efforts even if people believed that the probability of losing of control of AI was low because of the cost of such outcomes.[24]

One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence

In 2014, he defined and funded with his wife the One Hundred Year Study of Artificial Intelligence at Stanford University.[25][26] A Stanford press release stated that sets of committees over a century will "study and anticipate how the effects of artificial intelligence will ripple through every aspect of how people work, live and play." A framing memo for the study calls out 18 topics, including monitoring and addressing possibilities of superintelligences and loss of control of AI.

Founding of Partnership on AI

He served as interim co-chair of an effort to establish the Partnership on AI, an organization that brought Amazon, Facebook, DeepMind, Google, IBM, and Microsoft together to found and fund a non-profit, multistakeholder organization. A press release in September 2016 states that the non-profit organization will be guided by balanced leadership that includes “academics, non-profits, and specialists in policy and ethics.” The goals are stated as including research activities, recommending best practices, and publishing in “areas such as ethics, fairness, and inclusivity; transparency, privacy, and interoperability; collaboration between people and AI systems; and the trustworthiness, reliability, and robustness” of AI technologies.

Notable Quotes

"Computation is the fire in our modern-day caves."[27]
"I do think that the stakes are high enough where even if there was a low, small chance of some of these kinds of scenarios, that it's worth investing time and effort to be proactive."[28]
"There have been concerns about the long-term prospect that we lose control of certain kinds of intelligences. I fundamentally don’t think that’s going to happen. I think that we will be very proactive in terms of how we field AI systems, and that in the end we’ll be able to get incredible benefits from machine intelligence in all realms of life, from science to education to economics to daily life."[29]

Publications

Books:

Articles, a selection:

References

  1. ↑ "Eric Horvitz: Distinguished Scientist".
  2. ↑ "Big Thinkers Event: Eric Horvitz, Machine Intelligence and the Open World". Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  3. ↑ http://research.microsoft.com/en-us/um/people/horvitz/horvitzdiss.pdf
  4. ↑ ERIC HORVITZ ACM Fellows 2014
  5. ↑ "The AAAI Feigenbaum Prize". AAAI. Retrieved 14 April 2016.
  6. ↑ "ERIC HORVITZ - Award Winner". ACM. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  7. ↑ "ACM - AAAI Allen Newell". ACM. Retrieved 27 April 2016.
  8. ↑ Mackworth, Alan (July 2008). "Introduction of Eric Horvitz" (PDF). AAAI Presidential Address.
  9. ↑ Horvitz, Eric (February 2001), "Principles and Applications of Continual Computation", Artificial Intelligence Journal, Elsevier Science, 126: 159–196
  10. ↑ Horvitz, Eric J.; Ruan, Y.; Gomes, C.; Kautz, H.; Selman, B.; Chickering, D.M. (July 2001), "A Bayesian Approach to Tackling Hard Computational Problems" (PDF), Proceedings of the Conference on Uncertainty and Artificial Intelligence: 235–244
  11. ↑ Selman, B.; Brooks, R.; Dean, T.; Horvitz, E.; Mitchell, T.; Nilsson, N. (August 1996), "Challenge Problems for Artificial Intelligence", Proceedings of AAAI-96, Thirteenth National Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Portland, Oregon, AAAI Press: 1340–1345
  12. ↑ Horvitz, Eric (July 2008), "Artificial Intelligence in the Open World", AAAI Presidential Lecture
  13. ↑ Horvitz, Eric (February 2013), "Harnessing Human Intellect for Computing" (PDF), Computing Research news, 25 (2)
  14. ↑ Krause, A.; Horvitz, E.; Kansal, A.; Zhao, F. (April 2008), "Toward Community Sensing", IPSN 2008
  15. ↑ Singla, A.; Horvitz, E.; Kamar, E.; White, R.W. (July 2014), "Stochastic Privacy" (PDF), AAAI
  16. ↑ Hansen, Liane (21 March 2009). "Meet Laura, Your Virtual Personal Assistant". NPR. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  17. ↑ Kaste, Martin (11 Jan 2011). "The Singularity: Humanity's Last Invention?". NPR. Retrieved 14 Feb 2011.
  18. ↑ Rose, Charlie. "A panel discussion about Artificial Intelligence".
  19. ↑ Markoff, John (10 April 2008). "Microsoft Introduces Tool for Avoiding Traffic Jams". New York Times. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  20. ↑ Markoff, John (17 July 2000). "Microsoft Sees Software 'Agent' as Way to Avoid Distractions". New York Times. Retrieved 16 March 2011.
  21. ↑ Lohr, Steve, and Markoff, John (24 June 2010). "Smarter Than You Think: Computers Learn to Listen, and Some Talk Back". New York Times. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  22. ↑ Waldrop, M. Mitchell (March–April 2008). "TR10: Modeling Surprise". Technology Review. Retrieved 12 March 2011.
  23. 1 2 Markoff, John (26 July 2009). "Scientists Worry Machines May Outsmart Man". York Times.
  24. ↑ Siegel, Robert (11 January 2011). "The Singularity: Humanity's Last Invention?". NPR.
  25. ↑ You, Jia (9 January 2015). "A 100-year study of artificial intelligence? Microsoft Research's Eric Horvitz explains". Science.
  26. ↑ Markoff, John (15 December 2014). "Study to Examine Effects of Artificial Intelligence". New York Times.
  27. ↑ "Computation is the fire in our modern-day caves". New Scientist. 18 November 2006. Retrieved 18 November 2006.
  28. ↑ "The Singularity: Humanity's Last Invention?". NPR All Things Considered. 11 January 2011. Retrieved 11 January 2011.
  29. ↑ "Eric Horvitz Receives AAAI Feigenbaum Prize; Shares Reflections On AI Research". Inside Microsoft Research Blog. 27 January 2015. Retrieved 27 January 2015.

External links

This article is issued from Wikipedia - version of the 11/21/2016. The text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution/Share Alike but additional terms may apply for the media files.