Enurmino

Enurmino (English)
Энурмино (Russian)
Иннурмин (Chukchi)
-  Rural locality[1]  -
Selo[1]

Location of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug in Russia
Enurmino
Location of Enurmino in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Coordinates: 66°57′N 171°49′W / 66.950°N 171.817°W / 66.950; -171.817Coordinates: 66°57′N 171°49′W / 66.950°N 171.817°W / 66.950; -171.817
Administrative status (as of June 2009)
Country Russia
Federal subject Chukotka Autonomous Okrug[1]
Administrative district Chukotsky District
Municipal status (as of November 2004)
Municipal district Chukotsky Municipal District[2]
Rural settlement Enurmino Rural Settlement[2]
Administrative center of Enurmino Rural Settlement[2]
Statistics
Population (2010 Census) 301 inhabitants[3][4]
Population (January 2016 est.) 291 inhabitants[5]
Time zone PETT (UTC+12:00)[6]
Postal code(s)[7] 689320
Dialing code(s) +7 42736[8]

Enurmino (Russian: Энурмино; Chukchi: Иннурмин; Yupik language: Анушпик[9] and also known as Ennurmin (Russian: Эннурмин)[10] and Enyurmin (Russian: Энюрмин)[10]) is a rural locality (a selo) in Chukotsky District of Chukotka Autonomous Okrug, Russia.[1] It is located on the Chukchi Sea near Cape Serdtse-Kamen.[11] Population: 301 (2010 Census);[3] [4] Municipally, Enurmino is subordinated to Chukotsky Municipal District and incorporated as Enurmino Rural Settlement.[2]

History

Pre-Soviet Period

The name of the village comes from the Chukchi I'nnurmin, meaning "a place behind the hills",[9][11] as the village is located in a valley surrounded by hills.[12] Nearby discoveries have revealed the site of an older village where the ancestors of those who live in Enurmino used to live,[11] with the site of the village itself sitting on top of an ancient Chukchi settlement.[13] Nearby the village is the abandoned settlement of Chegitun (Russian: Чегитун), occupied from about 500 AD to the twentieth century,[13] until the village was closed and the population transferred to Inchoun.[14]

Soviet Period

In 1926, the village had a population of 103,[10] which grew to 275 by 1943,[10] consisting of 259 Chukchi, 1 Yupik and 15 visitors.[10] During the Soviet period, the people of Enurmino, in collaboration with the people of Neshkan further down the northern Chukotka coast, formed the Sovkhoz 50th Anniversary of the Great October (Russian: 50-летия Великого Октября).[10] In addition to the Sovkhoz, there was also a polar station in the village called Netten, (Russian: Нэттэн).[10] The staff at this polar station used to play chess games over the radio with scientists at polar stations in the Antarctic.[10]

Demographics

In 1926-27, Enurmino consisted of 19 households containing 103 Chukchi.[15] This had risen to 275 people by 1943, including 259 Chukchi, 15 Yupik and one person classified as a "visitor" upon whose nationality the source does not elaborate,[15] though these figures are combined totals for both Enurmino and the, now abandoned, nearby village of Pouten.[15] The population had increased further to 290 by 1989, of whom 260 were Chukchi and the remaining 30 classified again as "visitors"[15] and again, as of March 2003, to 297, of which 296 were indigenous peoples.[12] The reported population as at the start of 2009 showed yet another increase to 311 people,[15] but had fallen back to 301 (2010 Census);[3] [4] for last official census, of whom 139 were male and 162 female.[3]

Culture

In 2008, a documentary was made on the lives of the inhabitants of Enurmino by Anadyr-born director, Alexey Vakhrushev, entitled Welcome to Enurmino!, which shows the villagers trying to preserve their traditional ways of life while making the most of the limited modern amenities available to them.[16]

Economy

The main activities of the villagers are Marine mammal harvest, hunting and fishing[12] and 7-8% of the population are actively involved in hunting.[15]

The village has a food store, an elementary school, a daycare center and a post-office.[12]

Transport

Enurmino is not connected to any other part of the world by permanent road and is 200 miles away from the district centre Lavrentiya.[15] The only ways to travel the village are by sea, helicopter or winter road.[15] There is, however, a very small network of roads within the village including:[17]

Climate

Enurmino has a Tundra climate (ET)[18] because the warmest month has an average temperature between 0 °C (32 °F) and 10 °C (50 °F).

Climate data for Enurmino, 1955-1991
Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year
Record high °C (°F) 5.0
(41)		 3.9
(39)		 4.5
(40.1)		 3.0
(37.4)		 10.0
(50)		 30.0
(86)		 27.2
(81)		 23.0
(73.4)		 16.0
(60.8)		 14.8
(58.6)		 8.6
(47.5)		 3.7
(38.7)		 30.0
(86)
Average high °C (°F) −18.0
(−0.4)		 −21.6
(−6.9)		 −20.1
(−4.2)		 −13.6
(7.5)		 −3.3
(26.1)		 6.5
(43.7)		 10.8
(51.4)		 9.2
(48.6)		 4.3
(39.7)		 −3.0
(26.6)		 −10.0
(14)		 −17.1
(1.2)		 −7.6
(18.3)
Daily mean °C (°F) −20.9
(−5.6)		 −24.2
(−11.6)		 −23
(−9)		 −16.6
(2.1)		 −5.2
(22.6)		 3.6
(38.5)		 7.3
(45.1)		 6.5
(43.7)		 2.6
(36.7)		 −4.9
(23.2)		 −12.4
(9.7)		 −19.6
(−3.3)		 −10.2
(13.6)
Average low °C (°F) −23.5
(−10.3)		 −26.5
(−15.7)		 −25.5
(−13.9)		 −19.5
(−3.1)		 −7.1
(19.2)		 1.1
(34)		 4.4
(39.9)		 4.5
(40.1)		 1.2
(34.2)		 −6.5
(20.3)		 −14.5
(5.9)		 −22.0
(−7.6)		 −12.5
(9.5)
Record low °C (°F) −43.8
(−46.8)		 −42.2
(−44)		 −42.2
(−44)		 −34.0
(−29.2)		 −25.0
(−13)		 −7.8
(18)		 −5.0
(23)		 −4.0
(24.8)		 −8.9
(16)		 −26.0
(−14.8)		 −30.8
(−23.4)		 −37.8
(−36)		 −43.8
(−46.8)
Average rainfall mm (inches) 25.2
(0.992)		 6.7
(0.264)		 8.5
(0.335)		 6.3
(0.248)		 13.1
(0.516)		 9.4
(0.37)		 6.8
(0.268)		 11.7
(0.461)		 8.8
(0.346)		 12.6
(0.496)		 9.2
(0.362)		 9.9
(0.39)		 128.2
(5.047)
Average snowy days 15 10 10 14 14 4 0 1 6 18 20 13 125
Source: [19]

See also

References

Notes

  1. 1 2 3 4 Law #33-OZ, Article 13.2 (Russian)
  2. 1 2 3 4 Law #47-OZ, Article 6 (Russian)
  3. 1 2 3 4 Russian Federal State Statistics Service (2011). "Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года. Том 1" [2010 All-Russian Population Census, vol. 1]. Всероссийская перепись населения 2010 года (2010 All-Russia Population Census) (in Russian). Federal State Statistics Service. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  4. 1 2 3 The results of the 2010 Census are given for Enurmino Rural Settlement, a municipal formation of Chukotsky Municipal District. According to Law #148-OZ, Enurmino is the only inhabited locality on the territory of Enurmino Rural Settlement.
  5. ↑ Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Territorial Branch of the Federal State Statistics Service. Численность постоянного населения Чукотского автономного округа по муниципальным образованиям на 1 января 2016 года (Russian)
  6. ↑ Правительство Российской Федерации. Федеральный закон №107-ФЗ от 3 июня 2011 г. «Об исчислении времени», в ред. Федерального закона №271-ФЗ от 03 июля 2016 г. «О внесении изменений в Федеральный закон "Об исчислении времени"». Вступил в силу по истечении шестидесяти дней после дня официального опубликования (6 августа 2011 г.). Опубликован: "Российская газета", №120, 6 июня 2011 г. (Government of the Russian Federation. Federal Law #107-FZ of June 31, 2011 On Calculating Time, as amended by the Federal Law #271-FZ of July 03, 2016 On Amending Federal Law "On Calculating Time". Effective as of after sixty days following the day of the official publication.).
  7. ↑ Почта России. Информационно-вычислительный центр ОАСУ РПО. (Russian Post). Поиск объектов почтовой связи (Postal Objects Search) (Russian)
  8. ↑ Ministry of Justice of the Russian Federation Chukotsky District (Russian)
  9. 1 2 V.V. Leontev and K.A. Novikova, Топонимический словарь северо-востока СССР (Toponymic Dictionary of the Northeastern USSR) (1989) Magadan. p.329
  10. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Information on Enurmino, Electoral Commission of the Chukotka Autonomous District (Избирательная комиссия Чукотского автономного округа). Retrieved 12 April 2012. (Russian)
  11. 1 2 3 Strogoff, p.120
  12. 1 2 3 4 Red Cross of Chukotka. Chukotsky District (Archived)
  13. 1 2 Enurmino Area, Beringia Nature Park Website
  14. ↑ Beringian Notes 2.2, Bogoslovaskaya, L., National Park Service, Alaska Region (1993), pp. 1-12
  15. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Муниципальное образование сельское поселение Энурмино Municipal Formation of the Rural Settlement of Enurmino - Official Website of Chukotsky District
  16. ↑ The Santa Fe Film Festival 2008. Welcome to Enurmino! (with stills).
  17. ↑ Pochtovik Mail Delivery Service Chukotsky District (Russian)
  18. ↑ McKnightand Hess, pp.235-7
  19. ↑ "climatebase.ru". Retrieved October 2, 2012.

Sources

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