Einstein–de Sitter universe

The Einstein–de Sitter universe is a model of the universe proposed by Albert Einstein and Willem de Sitter in 1932.[1] On first learning of Edwin Hubble's discovery of a linear relation between the redshift of the galaxies and their distance,[2] Einstein set the cosmological constant to zero in the Friedmann equations, resulting in a model of the expanding universe known as The Friedmann-Einstein universe.[3][4] In 1932, Einstein and de Sitter proposed an even simpler cosmic model by assuming a vanishing spatial curvature as well as a vanishing cosmological constant. In modern parlance, the Einstein–de Sitter universe can be described as a cosmological model for a flat matter-only Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker metric (FLRW) universe.[5]

In the model, Einstein and de Sitter derived a simple relation between the average density of matter in the universe and its expansion according to h2= кρ/3 where h is the Hubble constant, ρ is the average density of matter and к is the Einstein constant. The Einstein–de Sitter universe became a standard model of the universe for many years because of its simplicity and because of a lack of empirical evidence for either spatial curvature or a cosmological constant.[6][7] It also represented an important theoretical case of a universe of critical matter density poised between contraction or expansion at an ever-increasing rate. However, Einstein’s later reviews of cosmology make it clear that he saw the model as only one of several possibilities for the expanding universe.[8][9][10]

See also

Notes and references

Originally proposed by Einstein and de Sitter, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol.18, 1932, 213-.

  1. ↑ Einstein, and de Sitter (1932). "On the relation between the expansion and the mean density of the universe". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 18 (1): 213–214.
  2. ↑ Hubble, Edwin (1929). "A relation between distance and radial velocity among extra-galactic nebulae". Proceedings of the National Academy of Science. 15: 168–173.
  3. ↑ Einstein, Albert (1931). "Zum kosmologischen Problem der allgemeinen Relativitätstheorie". Sitzungs.König. Preuss. Akad.: 235–237.
  4. ↑ O'Raifeartaigh, and McCann (2014). "Einstein's cosmic model of 1931 revisited". Eur. Phys. J (H). 39 (1): 63–86.Physics ArXiv preprint
  5. ↑ Lars Bergström & Ariel Goobar: "Cosmology and Particle Astrophysics", 2nd ed. Springer (2004), p. 70+77. ISBN 3-540-43128-4.
  6. ↑ Kragh, Helge (1999). Cosmology and Controversy. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. p. 35.
  7. ↑ Nussbaumer, Harry (2009). Discovering the Expanding Universe. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 144–152.
  8. ↑ Einstein, Albert (1945). The Meaning of Relativity (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge. pp. 112–135.
  9. ↑ Einstein, Albert (1933). La Theorie de la Relativité. Paris: Hermann et Cie. pp. 99–109.
  10. ↑ O'Raifeartaigh, O'Keeffe, Nahm and Mitton (2015) ‘Einstein's cosmology review of 1933: a new perspective on the Einstein-de Sitter model of the cosmos’.Eur. Phys. J. (H) 40 (3), pp. 63–85. Physics ArXiv preprint


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