Crafoord Prize
The Crafoord Prize | |
---|---|
Awarded for | in astronomy and mathematics, biosciences, geosciences or polyarthritis research, awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
Country | Sweden |
Presented by | Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
First awarded | 1982 |
Official website |
www |
The Crafoord Prize is an annual science prize established in 1980 by Holger Crafoord, a Swedish industrialist, and his wife Anna-Greta Crafoord. Administered by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the prize is awarded in four categories: astronomy and mathematics; geosciences; biosciences, with particular emphasis on ecology; and polyarthritis, the disease from which Holger severely suffered in his last years.
According to the Academy, "these disciplines are chosen so as to complement those for which the Nobel Prizes are awarded".[1] Only one award is given each year, according to a rotating scheme – astronomy and mathematics; then geosciences; then biosciences.[1] A Crafoord Prize in polyarthritis is only awarded when a special committee decides that substantial progress in the field has been made.[1] The recipient of the Crafoord Prize is announced each year in mid-January; on Crafoord Day in April, the prize is presented by the King of Sweden, who also presents the Nobel Prizes at the ceremony in December.[1][2] The prize money, which as of 2015 is 6,000,000 kr (or US$700,000), is intended to fund further research by the laureate.
The inaugural laureates, Vladimir Arnold and Louis Nirenberg, were cited by the Academy for their work in the field of non-linear differential equations. The first woman to be awarded the prize was astronomer Andrea Ghez in 2012.
Laureates
Year | Category | Image | Laureate | Nationality | Work | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1982 | Mathematics | ![]() |
Vladimir Arnold | Russian | Theory of non-linear differential equations | [3][4] |
![]() |
Louis Nirenberg | Canadian American[A] | [3][5] | |||
1983 | Geosciences | — | Edward Norton Lorenz | American | Geophysical hydrodynamics | [3][6] |
![]() |
Henry Stommel | American | ||||
1984 | Biosciences | ![]() |
Daniel H. Janzen | American | Co-evolution | [3][7] |
1985 | Astronomy | ![]() |
Lyman Spitzer | American | Studies of the interstellar medium | [3][8] |
1986 | Geosciences | ![]() |
Claude Allègre | French | Isotope geochemical relations | [3][9] |
— | Gerald J. Wasserburg | American | ||||
1987 | Biosciences | — | Eugene Odum | American | Ecosystem ecology | [3][10] |
![]() |
Howard T. Odum | American | ||||
1988 | Mathematics | ![]() |
Pierre Deligne | Belgian | Algebraic geometry | [3][11] |
![]() |
Alexander Grothendieck | None[B] | [3][12] | |||
1989 | Geosciences | ![]() |
James Van Allen | American | Exploration of space, the discovery of the Van Allen belts | [3][9] |
1990 | Biosciences | ![]() |
Paul R. Ehrlich | American | Dynamics and genetics of fragmented populations | [3][13] |
![]() |
E. O. Wilson | American | Theory of island biogeography | [3][14] | ||
1991 | Astronomy | — | Allan Sandage | American | Study of galaxies | [3][15] |
1992 | Geosciences | — | Adolf Seilacher | German | Research into evolution of life | [3][9] |
1993 | Biosciences | — | W. D. Hamilton | British | Theories of kin selection and genetic relationship | [3][16] |
![]() |
Seymour Benzer | American | Genetical and neurophysiological studies of fruit flies | [3][17] | ||
1994 | Mathematics | ![]() |
Simon Donaldson | British | Four-dimensional geometry | [3][18] |
![]() |
Shing-Tung Yau | American[C] | Non-linear techniques in differential geometry | [3][19] | ||
1995 | Geosciences | — | Willi Dansgaard | Danish | Development of isotope geological analysis methods | [3][9] |
![]() |
Nicholas Shackleton | British | ||||
1996 | Biosciences | ![]() |
Robert May | Australian | Ecological research | [3][20] |
1997 | Astronomy | ![]() |
Fred Hoyle | British | Study of nuclear processes in stars, stellar evolution | [3][21] |
— | Edwin Ernest Salpeter | American | [3][22] | |||
1998 | Geosciences | ![]() |
Don L. Anderson | American | Study of the structures and processes in the interior of the Earth | [3][17] |
— | Adam M. Dziewonski | American[D] | [3][23] | |||
1999 | Biosciences | ![]() |
Ernst Mayr | American | Developing the concept of evolutionary biology | [3][24] |
![]() |
John Maynard Smith | British | ||||
— | George C. Williams | American | ||||
2000 | Polyarthritis | — | Marc Feldmann | British | Definition of TNF-alpha | [2][3] |
|
Ravinder N. Maini | British | ||||
2001 | Mathematics | ![]() |
Alain Connes | French | Theory of operator algebras, founder of the non-commutative geometry | [3][25] |
2002 | Geosciences | — | Dan McKenzie | British | Dynamics of the lithosphere | [3][26] |
2003 | Biosciences | ![]() |
Carl Woese | American | Third domain of life | [3][27] |
2004 | Polyarthritis | — | Eugene C. Butcher | American | Study of molecular mechanisms concerning white blood cells | [3][28] |
— | Timothy A. Springer | American | ||||
2005 | Astronomy | ![]() |
James E. Gunn | American | Understanding the large-scale structure of the Universe | [3][17] |
![]() |
James Peebles | American | [3][29] | |||
![]() |
Martin Rees | British | ||||
2006 | Geosciences | ![]() |
Wallace Smith Broecker | American | Research into the global carbon cycle | [3][30] |
2007 | Biosciences | — | Robert Trivers | American | Analysis of social evolution | [3][31] |
2008 | Astronomy | ![]() |
Rashid Alievich Sunyaev | Russian | Contributions to high-energy astrophysics and cosmology | [3][32] |
Mathematics | ![]() |
Maxim Kontsevich | Russian[E] | Contributions to mathematics from modern theoretical physics | [3][33] | |
![]() |
Edward Witten | American | ||||
2009 | Polyarthritis | |
Charles Dinarello | American | Isolation of interleukins, understanding their role in the onset of inflammatory diseases | [3][34] |
![]() |
Tadamitsu Kishimoto | Japanese | ||||
![]() |
Toshio Hirano | Japanese | ||||
2009 | ![]() |
Magnus Bäck | Sweden | |||
2010 | Geosciences | ![]() |
Walter Munk | American | "for his pioneering and fundamental contributions to our understanding of ocean circulation, tides and waves, and their role in the Earth's dynamics". | [3][17] |
2011 | Biosciences | ![]() |
Ilkka Hanski | Finnish | "for his pioneering studies on how spatial variation affects the dynamics of animal and plant populations". | [3][35] |
2012 | Astronomy | ![]() |
Reinhard Genzel | German | "for their observations of the stars orbiting the galactic centre, indicating the presence of a supermassive black hole". | [3][36] |
Andrea M. Ghez | American | |||||
Mathematics | ![]() |
Jean Bourgain | Belgian | "for their brilliant and groundbreaking work in harmonic analysis, partial differential equations, ergodic theory, number theory, combinatorics, functional analysis and theoretical computer science". | [3][37] | |
![]() |
Terence Tao | Australian American | ||||
2013 | Polyarthritis | ![]() |
Peter K. Gregersen | American | "for their discoveries concerning the role of different genetic factors and their interactions with environmental factors in the pathogenesis, diagnosis and clinical management of rheumatoid arthritis". | [3][38] |
![]() |
Lars Klareskog | Swedish | ||||
![]() |
Robert J. Winchester | American | ||||
2014 | Geosciences | — | Peter Molnar | American | "for his ground-breaking contribution to the understanding of global tectonics, in particular the deformation of continents and the structure and evolution of mountain ranges, as well as the impact of tectonic processes on ocean-atmosphere circulation and climate". | [3][39] |
2015 | Biosciences | — | Richard Lewontin | American | "for their pioneering analyses and fundamental contributions to the understanding of genetic polymorphism". | [3][40] |
Tomoko Ohta | Japanese | |||||
2016 | Astronomy | ![]() |
Roy Kerr | New Zealand | "for fundamental work concerning rotating black holes and their astrophysical consequences" | [41][42] |
![]() |
Roger Blandford | American | ||||
Mathematics | ![]() |
Yakov Eliashberg | American [F] | "for the development of contact and symplectic topology and groundbreaking discoveries of rigidity and flexibility phenomena" |
Notes
a Nirenberg was born in Canada.[5]
b Grothendieck was born in Germany, but spent most of his life in France and was legally stateless. He declined his prize.[12]
c Shing-Tung Yau was born in China.[43]
d Dziewonski was born in Poland.[23]
e Kontsevich was born in Russia.[33]
f Eliashberg was born in Russia.[44]
See also
References
- 1 2 3 4 "About the prize". The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 3 July 2009.
- 1 2 "King of Sweden awards Crafoord Prize to IC researchers". Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine. 4 October 2000.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 "The Crafoord Prize 1982–2014" (PDF). The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
- ↑ Maugh II, Thomas H. (21 June 2010). "Vladimir Arnold dies at 72; Russian mathematician". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- 1 2 "Louis Nirenberg Receives National Medal of Science" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. October 1996. p. 1111. Retrieved 4 July 2009.
- ↑ Smith, Leonard A. (23 October 2011). "Professor Edward Lorenz: Meteorologist whose work on weather prediction led to the discovery of chaos and the 'butterfly effect'". The Independent. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Daniel H. Janzen Wins 2011 BBVA Foundation Frontiers of Knowledge Award". University of Pennsylvania. 16 February 2012. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ Gahm, Gösta. "The Crafoord Prize 1985 in Astronomy to Professor Lyman Spitzer Jr.". IOP Publishing. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 Reed, Christina (2009). Earth Science. New York, NY: Infobase Publishing. p. 291. ISBN 978-1-4381-0979-4.
- ↑ Becher, Anne; Richey, Joseph (2008). American Environmental Leaders: M-Z. Amenia, NY: Grey House Publishing. p. 603. ISBN 978-1-5923-7119-8.
- ↑ Ruelle, David (2007). The Mathematician's Brain. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. p. 137. ISBN 978-0-6911-2982-2.
- 1 2 Matthews, Robert (20 August 2006). "Mathematics, where nothing is ever as simple as it seems". The Daily Telegraph. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ↑ "Paul R. Ehrlich". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Edward O. Wilson". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Allan Sandage". The Daily Telegraph. 21 November 2010. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "William Donald Hamilton". Encyclopaedia Britannica. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- 1 2 3 4 "Crafoord Laureates". California Institute of Technology. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Simon Donaldson". Royal Society. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Shing-Tung Yau". University of St Andrews. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ Levine, Simon A. (September 1996). "Robert May Receives Crafoord Prize" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. p. 977. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Professor Sir Fred Hoyle". The Daily Telegraph. 22 August 2001. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Edwin Salpeter". The Guardian. 4 February 2009. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- 1 2 "Dziewonski Receives 2002 William Bowie Medal". American Geophysical Union. Archived from the original on 2010-11-27. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ↑ "Sussex Biologist Scoops Crafoord Prize". University of Sussex. 26 February 1999. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Connes Receives 2001 Crafoord Prize" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. May 2001. p. 502. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Dan McKenzie". British Library. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ Yardley, William (31 December 2012). "Carl Woese Dies at 84; Discovered Life's 'Third Domain'". The New York Times. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ Baker, Mitzi (11 February 2004). "Pathology professor Butcher takes home Sweden's other big prize, the Crafoord". Stanford University. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ Schilling, Govert (27 January 2005). "Cosmology Pays Off". Science. American Association for the Advancement of Science. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Wallace Broecker". Royal Society. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Behavioral and Brain Sciences". Cambridge University Press. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Crafoord Prize 2008 awarded to Rashid Sunyaev". Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics. 21 January 2008. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- 1 2 "Kontsevich and Witten Receive 2008 Crafoord Prize in Mathematics" (PDF). American Mathematical Society. May 2008. p. 583. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ↑ "Techne Corporation Board Member Recognized". PR Newswire. 10 June 2009. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Ilkka Hanski receives the Crafoord Prize". University of Helsinki. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Reinhard Genzel wins Crafoord Prize". Royal Astronomical Society. Retrieved 12 November 2015.
- ↑ "Jean Bourgain and Terence Tao Named 2012 Crafoord Laureates in Mathematics". Institute for Advanced Study. 19 January 2012. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
- ↑ Wollheim, Frank A. (22 August 2013). "The Crafoord Prize in polyarthritis 2013" (PDF). pp. 1–2. doi:10.1093/rheumatology/ket285. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
- ↑ "Peter Molnar wins Crafoord Prize in Geosciences". Royal Astronomical Society. 17 January 2014. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
- ↑ Lane, Isabel (19 January 2015). "Crafoord Prize in Biosciences goes to genetic polymorphism research". Biofuels Digest. Retrieved 13 November 2015.
- ↑ "NZ astrophysicist awarded $1m prize". Sky News Australia. 15 January 2016. Retrieved 16 January 2016.
- ↑ "Yakov Eliashberg awarded the Crafoord Prize in Mathematics". Stanford University. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
- ↑ Overbye, Dennis (17 October 2006). "The Emperor of Math". The New York Times. Retrieved 5 July 2009.
- ↑ "Yakov Eliashberg awarded the Crafoord Prize in Mathematics". Stanford University. Retrieved 17 January 2016.
External links
![]() |
Wikimedia Commons has media related to Crafoord Prize. |