Connation

Connation in plants is the developmental fusion of organs of the same type, for example, petals to one another to form a tubular corolla.^[1]^[2] This is in contrast to adnation, the fusion of dissimilar organs. Such organs are described as connate or adnate, respectively. When like organs that are usually well separated are placed next to each other, but not actually connected, they are described as connivent (that is the case for anthers in several genera, such as Solanum).

flower in the center of which is a projecting tube formed of the fused filaments of the stamens; the free anthers form a spreading cluster at its tip

The stamens of this Hibiscus are synfilamentous.

Synanthery in a (dissected) flower of Sinningia cardinalis

Terms for connation of flower parts

Synsepalous: All the sepals of a flower are fused into a cup or tube, the fused portion is the calyx tube and any non fused tips are the calyx lobes.
Sympetalous: All the petals of a flower are fused into a cup, tube, or other shape.
Stamens:
- Synandrous: Stamens are fused in an unspecified manner
- Synfilamentous: Stamens are fused by their filaments
- Synantherous: Stamens are fused by their anthers
Syncarpous: Carpels are fused together to form a compound ovary

The corresponding terms for parts that are free (not connate) begin with one of the prefixes "apo-" or "dialy-". An apopetalous (dialypetalous) corolla has free, unfused petals.

References

↑ Little, R. John; Jones, C. Eugene, eds. (1980). A Dictionary of Botany. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold Company. p. 91. ISBN 0-442-24169-0.
↑ Jackson, Benjamin Daydon (1928). A Glossary of Botanic Terms with their Derivation and Accent (fourth ed.). London: Gerald Duckworth & Co. Ltd. p. 89.

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