Clan Scott

Clan Scott
Scotach[1]

Crest: A stag trippant, encircled in a leather strap inscribed with the chief’s motto "Amo" meaning "I Love".
Motto Amo (I love)[1]
War cry ‘a Bellendaine! ("To Bellendaine!") Also, "The Scotts are out!"
Profile
Region Scottish Borders[1]
Plant badge Blaeberry[1]
Chief
Richard Walter John Montagu Douglas Scott[2]
The 10th Duke of Buccleuch and the
12th Duke of Queensberry
Seat Bowhill House
Historic seat Dalkeith Palace

Clan Scott is a Scottish clan and is recognised as such by the Lord Lyon King of Arms.[3] Historically the clan was based in the Scottish Borders.

History

Origins

The Latin word Scotti was originally used to describe the Celts of Ireland.[3] However the historian George Fraser Black notes in his Surnames of Scotland that the earliest certain record of the name was that of Uchtred 'Filius Scott', in a charter from around 1120, who bears a remarkably Saxon personal name if the family were truly of Celtic origin.[3]

In 1195 Henricus le Scotte witnessed a charter by David, Earl of Strathearn.[3] At the beginning of the thirteenth century a Master Isaac Scotus witnessed charters by the Bishop of St Andrews.[3]

Michael Scott "the wizard" (1175 – c.1232) was a real-life scholar and philosopher, whom Walter Scott described in The Lay of the Last Minstrel as "addicted to the abstruse studies of judicial astrology, alchemy, physiognomy, and chiromancy. Hence he passed among his contemporaries for a skilful magician".[4]

Four generations after Uchtred, Sir Richard Scott married the heiress of Murthockstone and in doing so acquired her estates.[3] Sir Richard was appointed as the ranger of Ettrick Forest and this brought to him the additional lands of Rankilburn.[3] The new laird built his residence at Buccleuch and the estates were generally known by this name.[3]

Wars of Scottish Independence

Sir Richard's son, Sir Michael Scott the second Laird of Buccleuch was a staunch supporter of Robert the Bruce during the Wars of Scottish Independence.[3] Michael distinguished himself at the Battle of Halidon Hill in 1333, being one of the few that escaped the carnage.[3] However he was later killed at the Battle of Durham in 1346.[3] Michael left two sons: Robert Scott, the third laird and John Scott who founded the important cadet branch of the clan, the Scotts of Synton from who the Lords Polwarth descend.[3] Robert Scott died in about 1389, probably from wounds received at the Battle of Otterburn.[3]

15th and 16th centuries

Robert Scott, fifth of Buccleuch succeeded to the family estates in 1402 after his father, Walter, was killed in battle.[3] In 1420 he acquired half of the lands of Branxholme, consolidating the family estates.[3] He was active in supporting the Crown in the struggle to suppress the power of the Clan Douglas.[3] When the king's cause prevailed Scott was rewarded with tracts of Douglas land.[3] In 1463 Branxholme became a free barony on the annual payment of a red rose to the Crown on the feast day of St John the Baptist.[3]

The Scotts had become one of the most powerful of all the Border clans by the end of the fifteenth century and the chief could call upon a thousand spears to support him.[3] Like most of the Border Reiver clans the Scotts quarrelled with their neighbours, in particular the Clan Kerr.[3] The feud began on 25 July 1526 when Sir Walter Scott of Buccleuch launched an attack (the Battle of Melrose) to rescue the young James V of Scotland who was being held by the Douglas Earl of Angus at Darnick just west of Melrose, and in the ensuing fight Kerr of Cessford was killed.[3] Sir Walter Scott was also wounded in the action.[3] Scott later fought against the English at the Battle of Pinkie Cleugh and four years later was appointed warden of Liddesdale and the Middle Marches.[3] The Kerrs however were biding their time and in 1552 they set upon Sir Walter Scott on Edinburgh High Street and killed him.[3] The feud came to an end when Sir Thomas Kerr of Ferniehurst married Janet Scott who was the sister of the tenth Laird of Buccleuch.[3]

In 1565 a deadly feud arose between the Clan Scott and their neighbours the Clan Eliott.[5] Scott of Buccleuch executed four Eliotts for the minor crime of cattle rustling.[5] In response three hundred Eliotts rode to avenge the fate of their kinsmen and during the battle losses on both sides were heavy but eventually the two clans came to terms with each other.[5]

The tenth Laird of Buccleuch was a staunch supporter of Mary, Queen of Scots.[3] His son, another Walter Scott went on to become a daring military leader who was known as "Bold Buccleuch".[3] In 1596 he rescued his vassal, William Armstrong, who was known as "Kinmont Willy", from the Fortress of Carlisle which was previously thought to be impregnable.[3]

17th century and civil war

James VI of Scotland's accession to the English throne was followed by a royal policy to pacify the Borders.[3] Walter Scott, 1st Lord Scott of Buccleuch therefore sought adventure fighting on the Continent for the Prince of Orange in the Netherlands.[3] His son was Walter Scott, 2nd Lord Scott of Buccleuch who commanded a regiment for the States of Holland against the Spanish.[3] In 1619 he was advanced to the rank of Earl of Buccleuch.[3]

During the Scottish Civil War, Francis Scott, 2nd Earl of Buccleuch supported the National Covenant and opposed Charles I of England's religious policies.[3] Scott led his cavalry against the royalist, James Graham, 1st Marquis of Montrose at the Battle of Philiphaugh.[3]

Francis Scott, 2nd Earl of Buccleuch died in 1651 and was succeeded by his four-year-old daughter, Mary Scott, 3rd Countess of Buccleuch.[3] The General Assembly for the Church of Scotland allowed Mary to be married at the age of just eleven but she died aged just fourteen.[3] She was succeeded by her sister, Ann Scott, who was considered one of the greatest heiresses in the kingdom.[3] Charles II of England arranged for Anne Scott to marry his illegitimate son, James, Duke of Monmouth who as a result of the marriage assumed the surname Scott.[3] On the day of their marriage the couple were created Duke and Duchess of Buccleuch.[3] Monmouth later rose up in rebellion against the Crown and as a result he was executed in 1685 and his titles were forfeited.[3] However, as Anne Scott had been specifically created Duchess of Buccleuch her titles were unaffected.[3] She was succeeded by her grandson, Francis Scott, 2nd Duke of Buccleuch.[3]

18th century and Jacobite risings

Scott tartan, as published in 1842 in Vestiarium Scoticum.

During the Jacobite rising of 1745 the Clan Scott supported the British Hanoverian Government. Captain John Scott who was in command of two companies of the 1st Foot (later the Royal Scots) was defeated and taken prisoner by the Jacobites during their first hostile action which later became known as the Highbridge Skirmish in August 1745.[6] During the action Scott had lost a sergeant and up to six men killed.[6] Scott himself was wounded but the Jacobite MacDonald of Keppoch arranged for his wound to be dressed at Cameron of Lochiel's Achnacarry Castle.[6]

Another Captain Scott, Captain Caroline Frederick Scott of Guise's 6th Regiment, held out and defeated the Jacobites during the Siege of Fort William in March 1746.[7] The same Captain Scott later had three Highlanders, who had surrendered to him at Fort William after the rising was over, drowned by hanging them in a salmon net in a mill flume at Lochoy.[8]

Sir Walter Scott

In the 19th century, Sir Walter Scott (from a junior branch, the Scotts of Harden) changed Scotland's image forever.

Duke of Buccleuch collection

The Duke of Buccleuch today is the largest private landowner in the United Kingdom and the art collection known as the Duke of Buccleuch collection is held at the family's great houses of Drumlanrig, Bowhill and Boughton and is internationally famous.[3]

Chief

Castles and significant Scott properties

See also

References

  1. 1 2 3 4 Clan Scot Profile scotclans.com. Retrieved 30 November 2013.
  2. ↑ Sellar, David (23 March 2010). "Note" (PDF). The Court of the Lord Lyon. Another example of the dropping of hyphens is that of the Duke of Buccleuch who was recognised in 1975 as Chief of the Name and Arms of Scott after dropping the hyphens in the surname Montagu-Douglas-Scott (Lyon Register, vol. 60, fol. 7-8).
  3. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 Way, George and Squire, Romily. Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). Published in 1994. Pages 314 - 315.
  4. ↑ quoted in Hogle, Jerrold E. (2002), The Cambridge companion to gothic fiction, Cambridge University Press, p. 94, ISBN 978-0-521-79466-4
  5. 1 2 3 Way, George and Squire, Romily. Collins Scottish Clan & Family Encyclopedia. (Foreword by The Rt Hon. The Earl of Elgin KT, Convenor, The Standing Council of Scottish Chiefs). Published in 1994. Pages 128 - 129.
  6. 1 2 3 Duffy, Christopher. (2007). The '45, Bonnie Prince Charlie and Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising. pp. 172 - 173. ISBN 978-0-7538-2262-3.
  7. ↑ Duffy, Christopher. (2007). The '45, Bonnie Prince Charlie and Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising. pp. 452 - 458. ISBN 978-0-7538-2262-3.
  8. ↑ Duffy, Christopher. (2007). The '45, Bonnie Prince Charlie and Untold Story of the Jacobite Rising. p. 529. ISBN 978-0-7538-2262-3.

Notes

  1. ↑ From who descend the Lords Polwarth.
  2. ↑ Notable members of this branch include both Walter Scott of Harden the Border Reiver and Walter Scott the Scottish historical novelist.

External links

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