Charlotte of Bourbon

Charlotte of Bourbon
Princess consort of Orange
Tenure 24 June 1575 – 5 May 1582
(6 years)
Born 1546/1547
Died 5 May 1582 (aged 35–36)
Antwerp
Spouse William I, Prince of Orange
Issue Louise Juliana, Electress Palatine
Elisabeth, Duchess of Bouillon
Catharina Belgica, Countess of Hanau-Münzenberg
Countess Charlotte Flandrina
Charlotte Brabantina, Duchess of Thouars
Emilia Antwerpiana, Countess Palatine of Zweibrücken-Landsberg
House Bourbon-Montpensier
Father Louis, Duke of Montpensier
Mother Jacqueline de Longwy

Charlotte of Bourbon (1546/1547 – 5 May 1582), was the fourth daughter of Louis, Duke of Montpensier and Jacqueline de Longwy, Countess of Bar-sur-Seine. She was the third wife of William the Silent, Prince of Orange, the main leader of the Dutch revolt against the Spanish.

Biography

Her paternal grandparents were Louis, Prince of La Roche-sur-Yon and Louise de Bourbon, Duchess of Montpensier. Her maternal grandparents were John IV de Longwy, Baron of Pagny, and Jeanne of Angoulême, illegitimate half-sister of King Francis I of France.

Her mother, Jacqueline, was a believer in the Reformed doctrines, and she secretly taught them to her children. By some accounts, Charlotte's father determined to thwart his wife's influence by sending three of his daughters to convents. Charlotte was then only thirteen years old and begged to be allowed to stay with her mother, who died during the time Charlotte was in the convent.[1] Her father, influential in the court of Catherine de' Medici, placed her in the royal convent of Jouarre, near Meaux, to be raised as a nun. When she was professed as a nun at the age of thirteen, she made a formal written protest.[2]

Other sources claim that Louis simply wanted to avoid paying dowries in order to conserve his only son's patrimony. Charlotte was first sent to Jouarre, where her aunt was abbess, as an infant. The plan for Charlotte was to renounce her inheritance and succeed her aunt. This plan was carried out upon the aunt's death, against Charlotte's wishes, and despite her being only 12. While abbess, Charlotte was secretly instructed in Calvinism by a dissident priest.[3]

The young Charlotte shocked both her family and the royal court by escaping the convent in 1572, announcing her conversion to Calvinism and, on the advice of Jeanne d'Albret, fleeing to the Electorate of the Palatinate, well beyond her parents' reach.[4]

On 24 June 1575 Charlotte married the Protestant William, Prince of Orange. They had six daughters, including Louise Juliana of Nassau, from whom descended the House of Hanover and most other (Protestant) royal houses. The marriage was very happy–it is said to have been the only one of William's four marriages which was for love–and the obvious happiness of the couple increased William's popularity.[5]

Charlotte allegedly died from exhaustion while trying to nurse her husband after an assassination attempt in 1582.[6] Though William was outwardly stoical, it was feared that his grief might cause a fatal relapse. Charlotte's death was widely mourned.[7] Following her death, William married on 24 April 1583, his fourth and last wife, Louise de Coligny, by whom he had a son Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange.

William's brother John, who had initially opposed the marriage, paid tribute to Charlotte as a wife "so distinguished by her virtue, her piety, her great intelligence, in sum as perfect as he (William) could desire her".[8]

References

  1. ↑ Famous Women of the Reformed Church|date=1901 page=103}
  2. ↑ Robin, Larsen and Levin (2007). Encyclopedia of Women in the Renaissance: Italy, France, and England. p. 56.
  3. ↑ Wedgwood, C.V. William the Silent, Jonathan Cape, 1944, p. 153
  4. ↑ Charmarie Blaisdell, ‘Religion, Gender, and Class: Nuns and Authority in Early Modern France’, in Michael Wolfe (ed.), Changing Identities in Early Modern France (London, 1997), pp.147–168, p155
  5. ↑ Wedgwood, C.V. William the Silent Phoenix Press 2001 p.152
  6. ↑ Wedgwood p. 235
  7. ↑ Wedgwood, p.235
  8. ↑ Wedgwood, p.157

Ancestry

Bibliography

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