Charles, Duke of Berry (1446–1472)

Charles de Valois
Duke of Berry Duke of Normandy Duke of Aquitaine
Born	(1446-12-26)26 December 1446 Tours, France
Died	24 May 1472(1472-05-24) (aged 25)
House	Valois
Father	Charles VII of France
Mother	Marie of Anjou

French Monarchy
Capetian Dynasty (House of Valois)
Philip VI
Children John II Philip, Duke of Orléans
John II
Children Charles V Louis I of Anjou John, Duke of Berry Philip the Bold
Charles V
Children Charles VI Louis, Duke of Orléans
Charles VI
Children Isabella of Valois Michelle of Valois Catherine of Valois Charles VII
Charles VII
Children Louis XI Charles, Duke of Berry
Louis XI
Children Charles VIII
Charles VIII

Charles, Duke of Berry, later Duke of Normandy and then Duke of Aquitaine (26 December 1446 – 24 May 1472) was a son of Charles VII, King of France. He spent most of his life in conflict with his elder brother, King Louis XI of France.

Early life

Charles was born at Tours, last child and fourth son of Charles VII and Marie of Anjou. As his elder brother, the Dauphin Louis, had repeatedly run into conflict with his father and since 1456 was living in exile at the court of Burgundy, some expected the crown to pass to Charles. When Charles VII died in 1461, however, Louis XI succeeded nonetheless.

After his accession, Louis XI granted his younger brother the Duchy of Berry as an appanage. Dissatisfied with this, Charles joined with Charles, Count of Charolais, the Burgundian heir, and other powerful nobles such as Francis II, Duke of Brittany in the League of the Public Weal in May 1465. This started the Guerre folle (Mad War), which ended in October with the Treaty of Conflans between Louis XI and the Count of Charolais.

Duke of Normandy

Under the treaty, Charles was granted the Duchy of Normandy as an additional appanage. He proved unable to control his new possession and ran into conflict with his former ally Francis II of Brittany. Louis dispatched the royal army to Normandy and assumed direct royal control of the Duchy. Charles, now reconciled with Duke Francis, fled to Brittany, where he remained until September 1468, when he and Francis signed the Treaty of Ancenis with Louis, promising to abandon the former Count of Charolais, now Duke of Burgundy.

In October 1468 Louis was imprisoned by Charles of Burgundy during a conference at Péronne. In order to obtain his release, Louis agreed to grant Champagne to his brother as compensation for Normandy. Once free, Louis reneged on the promises made under duress but in April 1469, he finally reconciled with his brother, granting him the Duchy of Aquitaine.

At the time, Charles also agreed with the Duke of Burgundy to marry the latter's only child and heir, Mary of Burgundy. Louis had no intention of allowing a union between his brother and his enemy's daughter and dispatched envoys to Pope Paul II to ensure that the necessary dispensation, required on grounds of consanguinity, was not granted. Louis was unsuccessful in this endeavour, as the Pope granted the dispensation.

Still, the marriage plan came to nothing as Charles died at Bordeaux in May 1472, probably from a combination of tuberculosis and a venereal disease contracted from his mistress, Colette de Chambes. According to legend, Colette had been fed poisoned fish by her aged but jealous husband, Louis d'Amboise, viscount of Thouars.^[1]

Since Charles left no legitimate issue, his apanage returned to the crown.

His daughter by the viscountess, Anne bâtarde de Valois, died childless not long after her marriage in 1490 to François de Volvire, Baron of Russec.^[2]

Ancestry

Coats of arms

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  Arms as Duke of Berry (1461–1465)

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  Arms as Duke of Normandy (1465–1469)

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  Arms as Duke of Guyenne (1469–1472)

References

Dukes of Normandy
House of Normandy 911–1135	Rollo* William I* Richard I* Richard II Richard III Robert I William II** Robert II Henry I** William (III)
House of Blois 1135–1144	Stephen**
House of Plantagenet 1144–1259	Geoffrey Henry II*** Henry the Young King Richard IV*** John*** Henry III***
* As count of Rouen • ** Also king of England  •  *** Also king of England and lord of Ireland