Caladenia barbarossa

Common dragon orchid
Caladenia barbarossa in the Stirling Range National Park
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
(unranked): Angiosperms
(unranked): Monocots
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Orchidoideae
Genus: Caladenia
Species: C. barbarossa
Binomial name
Caladenia barbarossa
Rchb.f. (1871)
Synonyms[1]
  • Drakonorchis barbarossa (Rchb.f.) D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.

Caladenia barbarossa, commonly known as the common dragon orchid is a species of orchid endemic to the south-west of Western Australia. It can be distinguished by its distinctive labellum which is attractive to species of male thynnid wasps.

Description

Caladenia barbarossa is a terrestrial, perennial, deciduous, herb with an underground tuber and a single hairy leaf, 40–60 mm (1.6–2.4 in) long and 5–10 mm (0.2–0.4 in) wide. In spring it produces one, rarely two flowers on the end of a stalk 100–300 mm (4–10 in) tall, each flower 25–40 mm (1–2 in) long and 20–30 mm (0.8–1 in) wide. The flowers are cream coloured to greenish-yellow with red markings. The dorsal sepal is erect, 18–25 mm (0.7–1 in) long, about 2 mm (0.08 in) wide. The lateral sepals spread apart below the flower and are 18–25 mm (0.7–1 in) long, 2–5 mm (0.08–0.2 in) wide. The petals also spread widely, are slighly shorter and narrower than the sepals and have their tips rolled inwards. The labellum resembles the body of a wingless female thynnid wasp and is stiffly hinged to the column. The labellum has a dummy insect abdomen, 8–10 mm (0.3–0.4 in) long, 6–8 mm (0.2–0.3 in) wide and curved with many maroon-coloured hairs and calli. The false head is blackish, about 3 mm (0.1 in) wide with two large, thick calli about 2 mm (0.08 in) long on either side of the "head".[2][3]

Taxonomy and naming

Caladenia barbarossa was first described by Reichenbach in 1871 in Beitrage zur Systematischen Pflanzenkunde, from a specimen collected by James Drummond in 1843, near the Swan River.[4][5][6] In a review of the genus Caladenia in 2004, David Jones and Mark Clements proposed a name change to Drakonorchis barbarossa[7] but the change has not been widely adopted. The specific epithet (barbarossa) is derived from the Latin words barba meaning "beard"[8]:390 and russa meaning "red".[8]:651

Distribution and habitat

The common dragon orchid is widespread and common, between Bindoon, Ravensthorpe and Esperance in the Avon Wheatbelt, Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest and Mallee biogeographic regions. It grows in sandy or clayey loams in moist situations in a wide range of habitats but especially in Casuarina thickets.[2][3][9]

Ecology

Common dragon orchid is pollinated by male thynnid wasps when they try to copulate with the flower.[3] A male Thynnoides bidens has been photographed on the labellum of a flower of this species.[10]

Conservation

Caladenia barbarossa is classified as "Not Threatened" by the Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.[9]

References

  1. ↑ "Drakonorchis barbarossa". APNI. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  2. 1 2 Jones, David L. (2006). A complete guide to native orchids of Australia including the island territories. Frenchs Forest, N.S.W.: New Holland. p. 98. ISBN 1877069124.
  3. 1 2 3 Hoffman, Noel; Brown, Andrew (2011). Orchids of South-West Australia. (3rd ed.). Gooseberry Hill: Noel Hoffman. p. 183. ISBN 9780646562322.
  4. ↑ "Caladenia barbarossa". APNI. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  5. ↑ Reichenbash, Heinrich (1871). Beitrage zur Systematischen Pflanzenkunde. Hamburg. pp. 64–65. Retrieved 29 July 2016.
  6. ↑ "Jstor global plants". Retrieved 28 January 2015.
  7. ↑ Hopper, Stephen D.; Brown, Andrew P. (29 April 2004). "Robert Brown's Caladenia revisited, including a revision of its sister genera Cyanicula, Ericksonella and Pheladenia (Caladeniinae: Orchidaceae)". Australian Systematic Botany. 17 (2): 171–240. doi:10.1071/sb03002.
  8. 1 2 Brown, Roland Wilbur (1956). The Composition of Scientific Words. Washington, D.C.: Smithsonian Institution Press.
  9. 1 2 "Caladenia crebra". FloraBase. Western Australian Government Department of Parks and Wildlife.
  10. ↑ Cingel, Nelis A. van der (2000). An atlas of orchid pollination : America, Africa, Asia and Australia. Rotterdam: Balkema. pp. 196–197. ISBN 9054104864.
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